Raptors that inhabit sagebrush steppe and grassland ecosystems in the western United States may be threatened by continued loss and modification of their habitat due to energy development, conversion to agriculture, and human encroachment. Actions to protect these species are hampered by a lack of reliable data on such basic...
Studies of anthropogenic impacts on wildlife may produce inconclusive or biased results if they fail to account for natural sources of variation in breeding performance and do not use probabilistic sampling at a scale functional for management. We used stratified random sampling and generalized linear mixed models to test hypotheses...
Grassland and shrubland birds are declining globally due in part to anthropogenic habitat modification. Because population performance of these species is also influenced by non-anthropogenic factors, it is important to incorporate all relevant ecological drivers into demographic models. We used design-based sampling and occupancy models to test relationships of environmental...
This summary of the 1958 inspection of the T. J. Starker Post Farm is issued as a supplement to the detailed Progress Report 11, October 1957. Complete Progress reports to be issued at intervals of 2-5 years will describe post series mentioned here and will summarize previous work.
In summary, as detailed below in Section III, we recommend the 2007 Legislature put
Measure 37 back on the track of fair and honest compensation for all claimants, and corral the
threat to Willamette Valley agriculture at the same time, by providing as follows:
• Whether in the form of...
Mortality due to infectious diseases is seldom reported in the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). A case of necrotic enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringens type A is described in a free-ranging adult male sage-grouse in eastern Oregon. Clostridial enteritis is known to cause outbreaks of mortality in various domestic and wild...
Aldo Leopold, perhaps best known for his revolutionary and poignant essays about nature, was also an eloquent advocate during the 1930s and 1940s
of the need to maintain wolves and other large carnivores in forest and range ecosystems.He indicated that their loss set the stage for ungulate irruptions
and ecosystem...
The kinetic mechanism of the unidirectional
H2-oxidizing hydrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids has
been investigated with highly purified enzyme. Measurements
of the K, for H2 vary from 0.97 to 2.6 pM, and the K,,, for
methylene blue varies from 6 to 17 pM. With H2 and
methylene blue as substrates,...
We investigated how large carnivores, herbivores, and plants may be linked to the maintenance of native species biodiversity through trophic
cascades. The extirpation of wolves (Canis lupus) from Yellowstone National Park in the mid-1920s and their reintroduction in 1995 provided the
opportunity to examine the cascading effects of carnivore–herbivore interactions...
Idealized numerical simulations utilizing the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) are carried out to examine the response of buoyant river plume systems to offshore-directed wind stresses. It is found that after a few inertial periods of wind forcing the plume becomes detached from the coast and reaches a steady state...
Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995-96, thus completing the park’s large predator guild. In the fall of 2010, approximately 15 years after wolf reintroduction, we sampled ten genera/species of berry-producing shrubs within 97 aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in the park’s northern ungulate winter range....
Data attacks on state estimation modify part of system
measurements such that the tempered measurements cause
incorrect system state estimates. Attack techniques proposed
in the literature often require detailed knowledge of system
parameters. Such information is difficult to acquire in practice.
The subspace methods presented in this paper, on the...
We characterized the structure and composition of unmanaged riparian forests in three river basins in Oregon’s coastal mountains. Our objective was to evaluate stand attributes at three spatial scales: streamside (site), drainage network (stream order), and basin (subregion). Data on basal area, species composition, snag density, canopy cover, and tree...
We have investigated the depinning process of magnetic flux vortices in twinned crystals of YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋δ in intermediate applied magnetic fields parallel to the crystallographic c axis through precise resistivity measurements before and after fast-neutron irradiation. Of particular interest for each field is the power-law dependence of the electric field on...
Terrestrial lichen biomass is an important indicator of forage availability for caribou in northern regions, and can indicate vegetation shifts due to climate change, air pollution or changes in vascular plant community structure. Techniques for estimating lichen biomass have traditionally required destructive harvesting that is painstaking and impractical, so we...
The 1995/96 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and plant species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Salix spp.). To investigate the status of this...
This paper addresses some issues involving the application of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods to ocean circulation models having a generalized vertical coordinate. These issues include the following. (1) Determine the pressure forcing at cell edges, where the dependent variables can be discontinuous. In principle, this could be accomplished by solving...
This paper is part of an effort to examine the application of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods to the numerical modeling of the general circulation of the ocean. One step performed here is to develop an integral weak formulation of the lateral pressure forcing that is suitable for usage with a...
Recreational fishing has a long history in the USA, developing from the subsistence fisheries of Native Americans together with a partial subsistence fishery of later immigrants. Marine, diadromous, and aquatic taxa are targeted, including both vertebrates and macroinvertebrates. This paper defines recreational fishing, describes the main fishing techniques, identifies target...
Bulk magnetic properties of soils and sediments are often sensitive proxies for environmental change but commonly require interpretation in terms of the different sources of magnetic minerals (or components) that combine to generate them. Discrimination of different components in the bulk magnetic record is often attempted through endmember unmixing and/or...
Changes in the spatial distribution of U.S. west coast bottom-trawl effort in relation
to areas of prime habitat for rockfish Sebastes spp. were evaluated between 1992 and 2001. Prime trawlable rockfish habitat (PTRH) was defined based on the spatial distribution of high rockfish catches from logbook data for 1992–1995. Bottom-trawl...
To investigate the extent and causes of recent quaking aspen (Populus
tremuloides) recruitment in northern Yellowstone National Park, we measured browsing
intensity and height of young aspen in 87 randomly selected aspen stands in 2012, and
compared our results to similar data collected in 1997–1998. We also examined the
relationship...
Tumours arising from the dorsal surface of the tongue occurred in 3 horses from 14-23 years of age. Tumours were surgically excised at a referral hospital (1 case) and on the farm (2 cases) and submitted for histopathology. All tumours were multilobular and composed of vaguely nested, bland, oval to...
This study investigated how lidar-derived vegetation indices, disturbance history from Landsat time series (LTS)
imagery, plot location accuracy, and plot size influenced accuracy of statistical spatial models (nearest-neighbor
imputation maps) of forest vegetation composition and structure. Nearest-neighbor (NN) imputation maps were
developed for 539,000 ha in the central Oregon Cascades,...
Refractive indices of In₂O₃, In₂₋ₓSnₓO₃, InBO₃ and 2 different gahnite crystals (ZnAl₂O₄ and Zn.₉₅Fe.₀₅Al₂O₄) were measured at wavelengths of 435.8 to 643.8 nm and were used to calculate n at λ = 589.3 nm ( nD ) and at λ = ∞ (n∞) using the one-term Sellmeier equation 1/(n²-1) =...
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) are highly susceptible to infection with West Nile virus (WNV), with substantial mortality reported in wild populations and in experimentally infected birds. Although sage-grouse are hunted throughout much of their range, they have also recently been considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act. We...
Understanding the frequency, magnitude, and nature of explosive volcanic eruptions is essential for hazard planning and risk mitigation. Terrestrial stratigraphic tephra records can be patchy and incomplete due to subsequent erosion and burial processes. In contrast, the marine sedimentary record commonly preserves a more complete historical record of volcanic activity...
Previous studies have demonstrated that light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived variables can be used to model forest yield variables, such as biomass, volume, and number of stems. However, the next step is underrepresented in the literature: estimation of forest yield with appropriate confidence intervals. It is of great importance that...
We have measured voltage-current characteristics for YBa₂Cu₃O₇ thin films in magnetic fields from 5
T to ambient, including some in the millitesla range. In all cases, the resistivity —current density isotherms
can be separated into two classes: those which exhibit upward curvature, and have constant
resistivity at low currents, and...
We describe the migration distances and timing of the adult Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, in the Willamette River Basin (Oregon, U.S.A.). We conducted aerial surveys to track radio-tagged fish upstream of a major waterfall and hydropower complex en route to spawning areas. We detected 24 out of the 43 fish...
This fact sheet has been prepared in response to many questions from seafood retailers about parasites in fish products. Customers who find parasites in fish they purchase need to have good answers for some obvious questions.
Your customers need to understand two key points: First, parasites are a natural occurrence....
This publication has been prepared in response to many questions from seafood retailers about parasites in marine fish products. Customers who find parasites in fish they purchase need to have good answers for some obvious questions.
Your customers need to understand two key points: First, parasites are a natural occurrence....
The "coupon collection problem" refers to a class of occupancy problems,
in which j identical items are distributed, independently and at random,
to n cells, with no restrictions on multiple occupancy. Identifying the cells as
coupons, a coupon is "collected" if the cell is occupied by one or more of...
Fishes with closed swim bladders regulate buoyancy during depth changes by secreting and
resorbing swim bladder gases. Forced ascent during fishery capture results in barotrauma caused by rapid expansion and exsolution of gases from body fluids. Pressure changes in hyperbaric chambers were used to examine changes in swim bladder integrity...
We evaluated the effect of capture depth and fish size on the ability of several Pacific rockfishes Sebastes spp. to resubmerge after hook-and-line capture and surface release. We observed fish as they were released into a bottomless floating enclosure, and we recorded submergence success within a 5-min time limit. Submergence...
The atrypid brachiopod Strophatrypa skaflestadi gen. et sp. nov. occurs in unnamed upper Silurian strata exposed near the town of Hoonah on northeast Chichagof Island, Southeast Alaska. The new genus represents the first strophic atrypoid with many characters otherwise similar to those of the Atrypidae. Although this genus is known...
Laboratory-based testing does not allow for the sufficiently rapid return of data to enable optimal therapeutic monitoring of patients with metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU). The typical turn-around time of several days for current laboratory-based testing is too slow to be practically useful for effective monitoring or optimizing therapy....
We present new age determinations, derived from ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar incremental heating experiments, for basaltic lava flows from the Mandla lobe, located on the eastern margin of the main Deccan volcanic province, some ~ 1000 km from the Western Ghats escarpment. The most reliable estimates of crystallization ages come from 5 plateau...
The lingcod Ophiodon elongatus is a benthic marine fish commonly caught by groundfish trawlers and discarded due to low catch limits. Managers must account for the mortality of bycatch to assess population status accurately. Our objectives were to estimate the actual mortality of trawl-discarded lingcod (50- 84 cm) and describe...
Eight series of untreated posts (including 5 series of steel), 22 series of nonpressure-treated posts, and 13 series of pressure-treated posts remain in test. Series in which all posts have failed now number 36 for untreated and 29 for nonpressure-treated. Causes of failures since 1949 were: fungi, 75 percent of...
Synchronous and colocated optical and microwave
signals from waves in the surf zone are presented and analyzed.
The field data were collected using a high-resolution video system
and a calibrated horizontally polarized marine radar during the
decaying phase of a storm. The resulting changes in the received
signals from varying...
Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a primary agent of forest disturbance in western North America. Episodic outbreaks occur at the convergence
of favorable forest age and size class structure and climate patterns. Recent outbreaks have exceeded the historic range of variability of D. ponderosae-caused tree
mortality affecting ecosystem...
We tested the potential of a selective flatfish trawl to reduce bycatch of slope rockfish in the upper continental slope bottom-trawl fishery (250–500 m) on the U.S. West Coast. The trawl we tested differed from typical slope trawls in that it was a low-rise, two-seam trawl with a severely cut...
A set of model runs was made with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community
Climate Model, version 3 (CCM3) to investigate and help assess the relative roles of snow cover anomalies and
initial atmospheric states on the subsequent accumulation and ablation seasons. In order to elucidate the physical...
Several diagnoses of three-dimensional circulation, using density and velocity data from a high-resolution, upper-ocean SeaSoar and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) survey of a cyclonic jet meander and adjacent cyclonic eddy containing high Rossby number flow, are compared. The Q-vector form of the quasigeostrophic omega equation, two omega equations derived...
The subtidal salt balance and the mechanisms driving the downgradient salt flux in the Hudson River estuary are investigated using measurements from a cross-channel mooring array of current meters, temperature and conductivity sensors, and cross-channel and along-estuary shipboard surveys obtained during the spring of 2002. Steady (subtidal) vertical shear dispersion,...
Current compression perpendicular-to-grain (C-perpendicular to) design values for wood members are based on mean stress obtained from ASTM D143 specimen. The standard ASTM test with metal on wood bearing has limited applicability in modern construction assemblies with C-perpendicular to loading scenarios. Previous work has shown that end-bearing conditions and wood-on-wood...
Canopy gaps created by tree mortality can affect the speed and trajectory of vegetation growth, species’ population dynamics, and spatial heterogeneity in mature forests. Most studies focus on plant development within gaps, yet gaps also affect the mortality and growth of surrounding trees, which influence shading and root encroachment into...
A form of the linear, inviscid shallow water wave equation which includes alongshore uniform, but cross-shore variable, longshore currents and bathymetry is presented. This formulation provides a continuum between gravity waves (either leaky or edge waves) on a longshore current, and the recently discovered shear waves. In this paper we...
We evaluated the two-year effects of variable-retention harvest on chipmunk (Tamias spp.) abundance (Nˆ ) and habitat in mature coniferous forests in western Oregon and Washington because wildlife responses to density/pattern of retained trees remain largely unknown. In a randomized complete-block design, six treatments were applied to 13-ha units at...
Current AASHTO-LRFD specifications use many disparate design provisions to establish live load demands in bridge decks. As an example, approximately 17% of Chapter 4 addresses the analysis of decks. One of the AASHTO-LRFD analysis methods for decks uses an orthotropic plate model. The present AASHTO-LRFD orthotropic plate model has a...
We combine a scenario-based, standard-response optimization model with stochastic simulation to improve the efficiency of resource deployment for initial attack on wildland fires in three planning units in California. The optimization model minimizes the expected number of fires that do not receive a standard response-defined as the number of resources...
The distribution and geographic range of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been reduced by 56% since European settlement. Although loss and fragmentation of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats have been cited as the primary causes for the decline of the species, degradation of existing habitat also has been considered an important...
Eleven series of untreated posts, 33 series of nonpressuretreated posts, and 13 series of pressure-treated posts remain in test. Series in which all posts have failed now number 34 for untreated, and 18 for nonpressure-treated. Causes of failures since 1949 were: fungi, 77 per cent of failures; fungi and termites,...
The distribution and geographic range of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been reduced by 56% since European settlement. Although loss and fragmentation of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats have been cited as the primary causes for the decline of the species, degradation of existing habitat also has been considered an important...
Published August 1970. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Satellite imagery of chlorophyll a concentration (chl a) provides the only holistic perspective
of productivity in marine ecosystems worldwide, yet its utility for understanding and
predicting the distribution of upper trophic-level predators remains equivocal. We tested the
hypothesis that remotely sensed chl a measurements spanning a decade can predict marine...
Polyandry is a source of sexual conflict and males often try to limit female promiscuity. Consequently, male manipulation of receptivity via antiaphrodisiacs and copulatory plugs that prevent female remating can be a source of sexual conflict. This sexual conflict may be intensified when females must remate for fertility insurance. Male...
The federally threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is the focus of intensive
conservation efforts that have led to much forested land being reserved as habitat for the owl and associated wildlife
species throughout the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Recently, however, a relatively new threat to spotted...
Across the western US, the two most prevalent native forest insect pests are mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae; a bark beetle) and western spruce budworm (WSB; Choristoneura freemani; a defoliator). MPB outbreaks have received more forest management attention than WSB outbreaks, but studies to date have not compared their...
The integration of satellite image data with forest inventory plot data is a popular approach for mapping forest vegetation over large regions. Several methodological choices regarding spatial scale, mostly related to spatial resolution or grain, can profoundly influence forest maps developed from plot and imagery data. Yet often the consequences...
We present 36 new ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating age determinations from the Caribbean Large
Igneous Province (CLIP) providing evidence for extended periods of volcanic activity and suggest a new
tectonomagmatic model for the province’s timing and construction. These new ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages for the
Curaçao Lava Formation (CLF) and Haiti’s Dumisseau Formation...
From 2002 to 2007, 101 camelid abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Oregon State University (84 alpacas, 13 llamas, four unknown). For most of the cases (n=67) a cause was not determined by routine testing. Eighty-five submissions included placenta for microscopic examination of which 55...
The Leeuwin Current in the Indian Ocean off Western Australia differs from the other major eastern boundary currents, e.g., California Current, since it flows rapidly poleward against the prevailing equatorward wind. The first large-scale study of the Leeuwin Current was conducted between North West Cape (22°S) and the south-western corner...
The purpose of this study is to identify, characterize and quantify local, regional and remote effects of snow cover on western U.S. climate and water resources. An ensemble of predictability and sensitivity studies was made with the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model, version 3 (CCM3)...
The low-frequency [ω<0.5 cycle per day (cpd)] current fluctuations at four depths in 100 m of waterhave been investigated for two stations on the continental shelf off the coast of Oregon. One station, DB-7,was maintained during the summer of 1972 as part of the Coastal Upwelling Experiment-1 (CUE-I), and theother...
An analysis is presented of low-frequency (<0.4 cpd) fluctuations in currents, temperature and tide gage data collected during the March-September 1976 segment of the CUEA JOINT-II experiment off the coast of Peru. The observations were made near 15°S, a region of particularly strong and persistent coastal upwelling. Conclusions about the...
Assessment of beef cow energy balance
and efficiency in grazing-extensive rangelands has
occurred on a nominal basis over short time intervals and
has not accounted for the complexity of metabolic and
digestive responses; behavioral adaptations to climatic,
terrain, and vegetation variables; and documentation of
the effects of nutrient form and...
Rationale Mefloquine is used for the prevention and treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria, but its use is associated with nightmares, hallucinations, and exacerbation of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. We hypothesized that potential mechanisms of action for the adverse psychotropic effects of mefloquine resemble those of other known psychotomimetics. Objectives Using...
We conducted a 3-year study of helminth parasites to assess their effect on the lesser prairie-chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus. Helminth parasites were found in most of the examined wild prairie chicken carcasses: 95% had eye worm Oxyspirura petrowi, 92% had stomach worm Tetrameres sp., and 59% had caecal worm Subulura sp....
The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP), which aims to conserve late-successional and old-growth forests (older forests) and associated species, established new policies on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest USA. As part of monitoring for the NWFP, we tested nearest-neighbor imputation for mapping change in older forest, defined by threshold values...
Dating pelagic clay can be a challenge due to its slow sedimentation rate, post-depositional alteration, and lack of biogenic deposition. Co-based dating techniques have the potential to create age models in pelagic clay under the assumption that the flux of non-detrital Co to the seafloor is spatially and temporally constant,...
In [BH], a chain complex was constructed in a combinatorial way
which conjecturally is a resolution of the (dual of the) integral Specht
module for the symmetric group in terms of permutation modules.
In this paper we extend the definition of the chain complex to the
integral Iwahori Hecke algebra...
Regulatory requirements and shifts in consumer preferences have resulted in seafood products bearing multiple information labels. Developing successful seafood marketing strategies requires an understanding of how multilabeled products influence consumer choices. This paper analyzes preferences for four classes of seafood information labels including safety, quality, local, and ecolabels using data...
Juvenile English sole, Parophrys vetulus utilize Yaquina Bay, Oregon, as a nursery during at least a portion of their first year of life, but the possibility of the existence of additional nursery grounds offshore has not previously been examined. During 1971, young-of the-year first appeared in Yaquina Bay in February,...