Although early adversity has been linked to worse mental and physical health in adulthood, few studies have investigated the pathways through which positive and negative dimensions of early experiences can jointly influence psychological well-being in later life. This study examined: (a) profiles of early experiences across multiple domains, (b) the...
Computer system I/O has evolved with processor and memory technologies in terms of reducing latency, increasing bandwidth and other factors. As requirements increase for I/O, such as networking, storage, and video, descriptor-based DMA transactions have become more important in high performance systems to move data between I/O adapters and system...
This study investigates the response of the global mean and spatial variations of the δ¹⁸O value of atmospheric CO₂ (δCₐ) to changes in soil CO₂ hydration rates, relative humidity, the δ¹⁸O value of precipitation and water vapor, visible radiation, temperature, and ecosystem flux partitioning. A three-dimensional global transport model was...
We examine the relation between δ¹⁸O in rainwater collected in southwestern Oregon
and climate variables including temperature, parcel trajectory, precipitation amount, and
specific humidity. Local surface air temperature at the time of sample collection explains a
large proportion of δ¹⁸O variability, suggesting that paleoclimatic archives that are related
to rainfall...
Metal–insulator–metal diodes with Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ insulators deposited via atomic layer deposition are investigated. For both Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅, the dominant conduction process is established as Schottky emission at small biases and Frenkel–Poole emission at large biases. Fowler–Nordheim tunneling is not found to play a role in determining current versus...
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This study provides estimates of a complete demand elasticities matrix for meat, poultry, fishery fish,
aquaculture fish, as well as shrimp and shell fish in Taiwan, using the linear approximate almost ideal demand system.
Estimation is based on aggregate annual consumption data complied from Taiwan Food Balance Sheets during 1970-1998....
This manuscript describes the role of non-classical hydrogen bonds (NCHBs), specifically C–H···O interactions, in modern synthetic organic transformations. Our goal is to point out the seminal examples where C–H···O interactions have been invoked as a key stereocontrolling element and to provide predictive value in recognizing future and/or potential C–H···O interactions...
The catalytic activity of a monolithic catalyst with nanosized Pt and Au particles on ZnO/Al₂O₃ (Pt-Au/ZnO/Al₂O₃/M) prepared by a wash-coat method was examined, specifically for toluene oxidation. FE-SEM image showed clearly the formation of a ZnO/Al₂O₃ layer on the monolith. Nanosized Pt-Au particles on ZnO/Al₂O₃/M with different sizes could be...
The authors present a facile, low-cost methodology to fabricate high-performance In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) bottom contact, bottom gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) by soft lithography. The IGZO channel and indium tin oxide (ITO) source and drain were patterned using microcontact printing of an octadecylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM). A polymer stamp was used...
Bismuth oxide thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition using Bi(OCMe₂ [superscript i]Pr)₃ and H₂O
at deposition temperatures between 90 and 270°C on Si₃N₄, TaN, and TiN substrates. Films were
analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray diffraction, x-ray reflectivity, high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Bi₂O₃ films
deposited...
A low-power forwarded-clock I/O transceiver architecture is presented that employs a high degree of output/input multiplexing, supply-voltage scaling with data rate, and low-voltage circuit techniques to enable low-power operation. The transmitter utilizes a 4:1 output multiplexing voltage-mode driver along with 4-phase clocking that is efficiently generated from a passive poly-phase...
The thermal conductivity, measured by the 3ω method, of amorphous films of Al₂P₁.₂O₆ (AlPO) deposited on Si substrates by an all-aqueous spin-coating technique is 0.93(3) Wm⁻¹K⁻¹. The thermal conductivity of a degenerately doped n-Si substrate is 85(5) Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ and of a more lightly doped p-Si substrate is 139(7) Wm⁻¹K⁻¹. The...
Materials based on BiMO₃-modified BaTiO₃ have been shown to exhibit a number of attractive electrical and electromechanical properties. In addition, many of the materials in this broad family exhibit reduced sintering temperatures for densification as compared to pure BaTiO₃. We report here a study of the phase evolution and sintering...
Loading of cryoprotectants into oocytes is an important step of the cryopreservation process, in
which the cells are exposed to potentially damaging osmotic stresses and chemical toxicity.
Thus, we investigated the use of physics-based mathematical optimization to guide design of
cryoprotectant loading methods for mouse and human oocytes. We first...
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been used to improve both the positive and negative bias-stress stability of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) bottom gate thin film transistors (TFTs). N-hexylphosphonic acid (HPA) and fluorinated hexylphosphonic acid (FPA) SAMs adsorbed on IGZO back channel surfaces were shown to significantly reduce bias-stress turn-on...
ZnS(O,OH) thin films for solar cell application were deposited onto glass substrates using the Continuous Flow Microreactor (CFM) process. In order to investigate the effect of pH on the physical properties of the film, the ZnS(O,OH) thin films were prepared by the CFM process with varying pH solution in the...
The need for miniaturization without compromising cost and performance continues to motivate research in advanced capacitor devices. In this report, multilayer ceramic capacitors based on relaxor BaTiO₃-Bi(Zn₁/₂Ti₁/₂)O₃ (BT-BZT) were fabricated and characterized. In bulk ceramic embodiments, BT-BZT has been shown to exhibit relative permittivities greater than 1000, high resistivities (ρ > 1...