For the first time in several years, the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions
around the globe. A weak La Niña dissipated to ENSOneutral
conditions by spring, and while El Niño appeared
to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully
developed as sea surface temperatures in...
The
Philippines
is
the
second
major
producer
and
exporter
of
sea
cucumber
in
the
world.
However,
climate
change
has
affected
this
industry
and
has
decreased
income
for
the
country’s
economy,
the
commercial
fishing
sector
as
well
as
marginal
fishermen
who
rely
on
it
as
their
source
of
livelihood.
Three
types...
The study looked at gender roles in the value chain for small scale Tilapia capture and marketing in villages and market centres along the Sinazongwe shore line of Lake Kariba, Zambia. Objectives were to identify dominant gender in supply chain functions, compute price changes due to value addition and isolate...
The ex-vessel supply chain for fisheries has been recognized as an important determinant of value generation. In recent years, as the retail demand for fresh seafood products has increased, many independent fishermen have bypassed thin, monopsonized, or otherwise inferior wholesale markets by engaging in implicit or explicit fixed-output contracts with...
This paper puts forth the proposition that all catch share schemes should be analysed primarily through the lens of cooperative game theory, which has now been developed to an advanced degree in the analysis of international fisheries management. If the fishers in a catch share scheme are playing cooperatively, the...
The study was carried out in Anyigba metropolis in central Nigeria to analyse the distribution, marketing and consumption of frozen fish. Twenty (20) retailers and 60 consumers were randomly selected for questionnaire administration. Descriptive statistics, marketing margin analysis, the gross margin approach to profitability analysis and regression analysis were used....
Major fishery investment has recently been implemented in West Africa as part of the World Bank's West Africa Regional Fisheries Program. To support this effort the New Partnership for Africa's Development funded development of a Seafood Bio-Economic Assessment Model. The model was initially developed for Ghana, but will accommodate other...
Women are recognized as agents of changes and development .Their involvement in aquaculture is one issue that needs to be addressed when dealing with rural communities and poverty alleviation among the rural women .The major way to ensure that women utilize their full potentials in profitable aquaculture is to provide...
The perception of catfish farmers on climate change and it effect on the contribution of
catfish production to household income in Lagos State, Nigeria were investigated using primary
and secondary data as well as structured questionnaire. A multistage random sampling technique
was used to select 250 African catfish farmers. Descriptive...
The Lake Victoria dagaa constitutes over 38% of the total fish landings from Lake Victoria in Tanzania. The fishery supports a major artisanal fishery in the country, ranking second to the Nile perch in Tanzania. However, the dagaa fishery is associated with high level of post-harvest loss (physical and quality...
Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic organisms especially fish, in Nigeria is dated back to the 1940s at Onikan Experimental farm, South West Lagos and the 160ha industrial scale fish farm, Middle Belt, Panyam, Jos in 1951. Since then, great expansion has been witnessed in Nigeria’s aquaculture industry; graduating from extensive...
Decades of social science research has shown that fisheries, particularly small-scale, are integral to
community wellbeing. They contribute to food security, men’s, women’s, and children’s livelihoods,
health, community identity, and social cohesion. These contributions need to be well-defined and
contextualized, as well as differentiated between fishing sectors, for better fisheries...
Fungal mitospores may function as dispersal units and/ or spermatia, and thus play a role in
distribution and/or mating of species that produce them. Mitospore production in
ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Pezizales is rarely reported, but here we document mitospore production
by a high diversity of EcM Pezizales on three continents, in...
A wealth of information on plant anatomy and morphology is available in the current and historical literature, and molecular biologists are producing massive amounts of transcriptome and genome data that can be used to gain better insights into the development, evolution, ecology, and physiological function of plant anatomical attributes. Integrating...
Public outreach and access are becoming more and more important across institutions of higher education. Sustainable information technology approaches are necessary to communicate and preserve public education materials generated as part of this new era of “outreach and engagement.” This paper describes the partnership between Oregon State University’s Extension Service...
Distinct aggregations of fungal hyphae and rhizomorphs, or "mats", formed by some genera of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are common features of soils in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. We measured in situ respiration rates of Piloderma mats and neighboring non-mat soils in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in western Oregon...
table isotope analysis is a powerful tool for assessing plant carbon and water relations and their impact on biogeochemical processes at different scales. Our process-based understanding of stable isotope signals, as well as technological developments, has progressed significantly, opening new frontiers in ecological and interdisciplinary research. This has promoted the...
Increasing paleoclimatic evidence suggests that the Little Ice Age (LIA) was a global climate change event. Understanding the forcings and associated climate system feedbacks of the LIA is made difficult by the scarcity of Southern Hemisphere paleoclimate records. We use a new glaciochemical record of a coastal ice core from...
Using stable isotope analyses of N and C we present preliminary evidence of marine-derived nutrients from introduced Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum) in stream food webs of Laguna Los Patos, NW Patagonia. Similar to values reported within Chinook salmon's native distributional range periphyton and aquatic insects are the trophic levels...
While the d⁰ transition-metal POMs of Group V (V⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺) and Group VI (Mo⁶⁺, W⁶⁺) have been known for more than a century, the actinyl peroxide POMs, specifically those built of uranyl triperoxide or uranyl dihydroxidediperoxide polyhedra, were only realized within the last decade. While virtually every metal on...
Assessing the impact of fungal decay in wood structures poses a major challenge for building inspectors. Although models have been developed to predict degradation rate of building components in varying climatic conditions, most are hampered by the lack of fundamental data on effects of fungal attack on engineering properties. Developing...
Development of herbicide-resistant crops has resulted in significant changes to agronomic practices, one of which is the adoption of effective, simple, low-risk, crop-production systems with less dependency on tillage and lower energy requirements. Overall, the changes have had a positive environmental effect by reducing soil erosion, the fuel use for...
The effect of metal end plates on reducing checking of pentachlorophenol-treated Douglas-fir crossarms was evaluated over 13 wet–dry cycles. Check development was variable over the first three to four cycles, and then steadily increased for both plated and nonplated ends of arms; however, both the number of checks and the...
Preservative treatments are required whenever glued laminated beams are exposed outdoors. Treatments can be either water-based systems applied to individual laminations prior to layup or organic solvent–borne systems applied after the beams are fabricated. Water-based systems are not recommended for posttreatment because of concerns over checking and the potential for...
Hatchery supplementation of anadromous salmon is extensive across the Pacific Northwest region with millions of juvenile salmon stocked annually. The influence of hatchery-origin fish as prey items in recipient ecosystems has been explored, but influences of these fish on broader stream nutrient dynamics has not been well-studied. Salmon-derived nutrients (SDN)...
Two cases of pulmonary vascular anomaly in unrelated adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos) are described. In the first case, a 9-year-old intact male alpaca presented at Oregon State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with bilateral epistaxis and died the subsequent day following severe hemorrhage from the mouth and nostrils. At necropsy, a...
We recovered passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from nine piscivorous waterbird colonies in the Columbia River basin to evaluate avian predation on Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed salmonid Oncorhynchus spp. populations during 2007–2010. Avian predation rates were calculated based on the percentage of PIT-tagged juvenile salmonids that were detected as passing...
Today, considering the sustainability of the nuclear technology in the energy mix policy of developing and developed countries, the international community starts the development of new advanced reactor designs. In this framework, Oregon State University (OSU) has constructed, a system level test facility to examine natural circulation phenomena of importance...
The current research investigates the interplay of program suspense, game outcome, advertisement placement, and ad execution on viewer reactions to advertising embedded in sports programming. In support of excitation transfer theory, results indicate that ad emotional response, attitude toward the ad, and attitude toward the brand are heightened immediately following...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of homosynaptic depression (HD) on spectral properties of the soleus (SOL) H-reflex. Paired stimulations, separated by 100 ms, were used to elicit an unconditioned and conditioned H-reflex in the SOL muscle of 20 participants during quiet standing. Wavelet and principal component...
In many animal species, males direct more intense courtship towards females they have not previously encountered,
than towards females with which they have previously mated. To test the factors responsible for this "Coolidge Effect", we need
studies on a wide range of taxa – including those with mating systems in...
Morphologically divergent ecotypes arise in fish populations on postglacial time scales, and resource polymorphisms
are often invoked to explain their origin. However, genetic recombination can constrain the ability of divergent selection to produce
reproductive isolation in sympatry. Recombination breaks up favorable combinations of traits (”adaptive suites”) if individual
traits are...
Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus are a large bodied, top level predator that is ecologically important throughout
the Caribbean. Although typically solitary, Nassau grouper form large annual spawning aggregations at predictable times in specific
locations. In 2003, The Cayman Islands Marine Conservation Board established protection for a newly rediscovered Nassau
grouper...
In this article, we present cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) data for wood fuel pellets manufactured in the Southeast United States. We surveyed commercial pellet manufacturers in 2010, collecting annual production data for 2009. Weighted-average inputs to, and emissions from, the pelletization process were determined. The pellet making unit process was...
A two-year-old, 97 kg, male neutered English Mastiff was evaluated for left pelvic limb lameness of five months duration localized to the stifle joint. Following radiographic, computed tomographic and arthroscopic examination, the lameness was subsequently diagnosed as being caused by primary synovial osteochondromatosis. In total, 194 osteochondral bodies were removed...
Objective: To examine the associations between the 2008 economic collapse in Iceland and smoking behaviour at the national and individual levels.
Design: A population-based, prospective cohort study based on a mail survey (Health and Wellbeing in Iceland) assessed in 2007 and 2009.
Setting: National mail survey.
Participants: Representative cohort (n=3755)...
Adults and nymphs of a new genus and species of the family Macrochelidae are described from detritus cavities of the leafcutting ant, Atta texana. This new species is notable in having peritremes with no posterior loop, a series of small subterminal teeth on the fixed cheliceral digit rather than the...
This perspectives paper uses the seminal Goodchild (1992) article as a lens through which to review and reflect upon several longstanding issues that have influenced the field of geographic information science in the past and will continue to be important at least into the next decade. Under the category of...
This paper highlights the development of a rapid visual screening (RVS) tool to quickly identify, inventory, and rank residential buildings that are potentially seismically hazardous, focusing on single-family, wood-frame dwellings with plan irregularity. The SAPWood software was used to perform a series of nonlinear time-history analyses for 480 representative models,...
Wave energy converter research continues to advance and new developers are continuing to emerge, leading to the need for a general modeling methodology. This work attempts to outline the design methodology necessary to perform frequency domain analysis on a generic wave energy converter. A two-body point absorber representing a generic...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
The purpose of the current research is to examine the influence of affective dispositions and the sequencing of affective and cognitive responses to mediated entertainment. Affective dispositions are manipulated so as to match a liked competitor against one who is disliked. The results indicate that viewers’ emotional responses and assessments...
Wine aroma is one of the most important aspects of wine quality and yeast contribute a significant amount of the volatile aroma compounds in wine. However, our understanding of the contribution of specific yeast to Pinot noir aroma is still limited. In particular, the contribution of non-Saccharomyces yeast species present...
The variability effect of kinetic data was investigated by simulating orange juice pectinmethylesterase (PME) inactivation with combined processes of high hydrostatic pressure-temperature (100-500 MPa; 20-40°C), applying the Monte Carlo method. Parameters from an Eyring-Arrheniius model that predicts the kinetic inactivation constant (k) as a function of both pressure and temperature...
Due to various reasons the previous investigator decided to pull out the crop level trials from the original experiment designed in 2010 season. However, the irrigation field experiments implemented in the 2010 season continued in 2011, in order to find out the impact of varied deficit irrigation regimes on vine...
This study records the fifth consecutive year that winter losses of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the USA have been around 30%. In April 2011, a total of 5,441 US beekeepers (an estimated 11% of total US beekeepers) responded to a survey conducted by the Bee Informed Partnership....