Severe infection by the endemic myxozoan parasite, Ceratonova (synonym, Ceratomyxa) shasta, has been associated with declines in and impaired recovery efforts of populations of fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Klamath River, California. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving a polychaete worm host as well as a...
The reality confronting ecosystem managers today is one of heterogeneous, rapidly transforming landscapes,
particularly in the areas more affected by urban and agricultural development. A landscape management
framework that incorporates all systems, across the spectrum of degrees of alteration, provides a fuller set of
options for how and when to...
Ceratonova gasterostea n. gen. n. sp. is described from the intestine of freshwater Gasterosteus aculeatus L. from the Klamath River, California. Myxospores are arcuate, 22.4 +/- 2.6 μm thick, 5.2 +/- 0.4 μm long, posterior angle 45 +/- 24°, with 2 sub-spherical polar capsules, diameter 2.3 +/- 0.2 μm, which...
Transmission dynamics of the actinospore stage of Ceratomyxa shasta to the salmonid host were investigated under field and laboratory conditions. The number of parasites transmitted and the transmission rate were compared between 2 different exposure durations and also among different water velocities, by means of field exposures. Under laboratory conditions,...
This two-part study attempts to find appropriate mass dimension and terminal velocity relationships that,
when considered together with particle size distributions (PSD), agree with coincident measurements of ice
water content (IWC), and with variables related to higher moments such as the mean mass-weighted fall
speed. Reliable relationships are required for...
A framework for an empirical parameterization (EP) of heterogeneous nucleation of ice crystals by multiple species of aerosol material in clouds was proposed in a 2008 paper by the authors. The present paper reports improvements to specification of a few of its empirical parameters. These include temperatures for onset of...
Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) is a highly destructive invasive leafminer pest
currently causing extensive damage to vegetable and horticultural crops around the world. Liriomyza
langei Frick is a leafminer pest native to California that cannot currently be morphologically distinguished
from L. huidobrensis. We used a DNA-barcoding approach, a published PCR-RFLP method,...
The initiation of ice in an isolated orographic wave cloud was compared with expectations based on ice nucleating aerosol concentrations and with predictions from new ice nucleation parameterizations applied in a cloud parcel model. Measurements of ice crystal number concentrations were found to be in good agreement both with measured...
This paper presents a detailed study of a single thunderstorm anvil cirrus cloud measured on 21 July 2002
near southern Florida during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area
Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE). NASA WB-57F and University of North Dakota Citation aircraft
tracked the microphysical and radiative...
Knowledge of cloud and precipitation formation processes remains
incomplete, yet global precipitation is predominantly produced by
clouds containing the ice phase. Ice first forms in clouds warmer
than −36 °C on particles termed ice nuclei. We combine observations
from field studies over a 14-year period, from a variety of
locations...