Grasslands account for a large proportion of global terrestrial productivity and play a critical role in carbon and water
cycling. Within grasslands, photosynthetic pathway is an important functional trait yielding different rates of productivity
along environmental gradients. Recently, C₃-C₄ sorting along spatial environmental gradients has been reassessed by
controlling for...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three NAD⁺/NADH kinases, one of which is localized in
mitochondria and phosphorylates NADH in preference to NAD⁺. Strand et al (Euk. Cell
2:809 (2003)) reported that a yeast mutation in POS5, which encodes the mitochondrial
NADH kinase, is a mutator, specific for mitochondrial genes. Because of the...
Development of protocols and media for culturing immune cells from marine invertebrates has not kept pace with advancements in mammalian immune cell culture, the latter having been driven by the need to understand the causes of and develop therapies for human and animal diseases. However, expansion of the aquaculture industry...
Aim C-4 grasses are distinct from C-3 grasses, because C-4 grasses respond in a different manner to light, temperature, CO2 and nitrogen and often have higher resource-use efficiencies. C-3 and C-4 grasses are typically represented in earth system models (ESMs) by different plant functional types (PFTs). The ability of ESMs...
Polyandry is a source of sexual conflict and males often try to limit female promiscuity. Consequently, male manipulation of receptivity via antiaphrodisiacs and copulatory plugs that prevent female remating can be a source of sexual conflict. This sexual conflict may be intensified when females must remate for fertility insurance. Male...
Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a primary agent of forest disturbance in western North America. Episodic outbreaks occur at the convergence
of favorable forest age and size class structure and climate patterns. Recent outbreaks have exceeded the historic range of variability of D. ponderosae-caused tree
mortality affecting ecosystem...
The utility of the fatty acid biomarker (FAB) approach in fisheries ecology is limited by our understanding of how biotic and abiotic factors determine dietary markers in fish tissues. An 8-week laboratory experiment was conducted on two species of juvenile gadids (Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus and walleye Pollock, Theragra chalcogramma)...
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in mammalian mitochondria are highly
asymmetric, and this asymmetry probably contributes toward the elevated
mutation rate for the mitochondrial genome as compared with the nuclear
genome. To understand this asymmetry, we must identify pathways for synthesis
and accumulation of dNTPs within mitochondria. We have identified
ribonucleotide reductase...
During early development, oviparous fish species must use finite lipid and fatty acid (FA) reserves for both catabolism and structural components. In cold environments, developing fish have the additional constraint of maintaining membrane fluidity for metabolic efficiency (homeoviscous adaptation), resulting in further demand on lower melting point FAs like n-3...
Current AASHTO-LRFD specifications use many disparate design provisions to establish live load demands in bridge decks. As an example, approximately 17% of Chapter 4 addresses the analysis of decks. One of the AASHTO-LRFD analysis methods for decks uses an orthotropic plate model. The present AASHTO-LRFD orthotropic plate model has a...