Duplex stainless steels are desirable for use in power generation systems because of their attractive combination of strength, corrosion resistance and cost. However, thermal embrittlement at intermediate homologous temperatures of ~475 °C and below, limits upper service temperatures for many applications. New lean grade duplex alloys have improved thermal stability...
Mechanical property degradation due to the disorder-order phase transformation is of potential concern for alloys based on the Ni-Cr binary system, particularly in nuclear power applications, where component lifetimes can exceed 80 years. In the present research, a disorder-order phase transformation has been studied in the Ni-33 at.% Cr model...
Tropical rainforests are significant contributors to the global cycles of energy, water and carbon. As a result, monitoring of the vegetation status over regions such as Amazônia has been a long standing interest of Earth scientists trying to determine the effect of climate change and anthropogenic disturbance on the tropical...
The Collection 6 (C6) MODIS (Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer) land and atmosphere data
sets are scheduled for release in 2014. C6 contains significant
revisions of the calibration approach to account for sensor
aging. This analysis documents the presence of systematic
temporal trends in the visible and near-infrared (500 m)
bands...
The Amazon rainforest is a critical hotspot for bio-diversity, and plays an essential role in global carbon, water and energy fluxes and the earth's climate. Our ability to project the role of vegetation carbon feedbacks on future climate critically depends upon our understanding of this tropical ecosystem, its tolerance to...
We show that the vegetation canopy of the Amazon rainforest is
highly sensitive to changes in precipitation patterns and that
reduction in rainfall since 2000 has diminished vegetation greenness
across large parts of Amazonia. Large-scale directional
declines in vegetation greenness may indicate decreases in carbon
uptake and substantial changes in...
Surface energy balance is a major determinant of land surface temperature and the Earth's climate. To date, there is no approach that can produce effective, physically consistent, global and multi-decadal energy–water flux data over land. Net radiation (R[subscript n]) can be quantified regionally using satellite retrievals of surface reflectance and...
This paper describes the atmospheric correction (AC) component of the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction algorithm (MAIAC) which introduces a new way to compute parameters of the Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS) Bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), spectral surface albedo and bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF) from satellite measurements obtained by the Moderate...