As the elderly population increases, more family, friends, and paid service providers assist them with consumption activities in a group that the authors conceptualize as the elderly consumption ensemble (ECE). Interviews with members of eight ECEs demonstrate consumption in advanced age as a group phenomenon rather than an individual one,...
We evaluate the impact of the Gambian hardship allowance, which provides a salary premium of 30‐40% to primary school teachers in remote locations, on the distribution and characteristics of teachers
across schools. A geographic discontinuity in the policy’s implementation and the presence of common
pre‐treatment trends between hardship and non‐hardship...