Ricci flow deforms the Riemannian metric proportionally to the curvature, such that the curvature evolves according to a heat diffusion process and eventually becomes constant everywhere. Ricci flow has demonstrated its great potential by solving various problems in many fields, which can be hardly handled by alternative methods so far....
Whether CaCO₃ dissolves within the top centimeters of marine sediments overlaid by deep, supersaturated bottom waters remains an area of debate in geochemistry. This uncertainty stems from the fact that different methods used to assess CaCO₃ dissolution rates often provide what appear to be profoundly different results. Here we combine...
Viruses were defined as one of the two principal types of organisms
in the biosphere, namely, as capsid-encoding organisms in
contrast to ribosome-encoding organisms, i.e., all cellular life
forms. Structurally similar, apparently homologous capsids are
present in a huge variety of icosahedral viruses that infect bacteria,
archaea, and eukaryotes. These...