Seamounts are windows into the deep Earth that are helping to
elucidate various deep Earth processes. For example, thermal and mechanical
properties of oceanic lithosphere can be determined from the flexing of oceanic
crust caused by the growth of seamounts on top of it. Seamount trails also are
excellent recorders...
Short durations in a range of standard durations are typically overreproduced and long
durations underreproduced (‘Vierordt’s Law’). This contextual distortion may result from each trial
assimilating the central tendency of the preceding series. We examine whether responses as well as
standard durations contribute to this distortion. Two experiments using nonequal-setting...
Seamounts are ubiquitous features of the seafloor that form part of the fabric of oceanic crust. When a seamount enters a subduction zone, it has a major affect on forearc morphology, the uplift history of the island arc, and the structure of the downgoing slab. It is not known, however,...
As entrepreneurship research has matured, scholars have increasingly recognized that the formation of new ventures is commonly accomplished by teams as opposed to lone entrepreneurs. Over the past two decades, the upper echelons perspective has served as the primary lens for investigating new venture team functioning and performance. However, researchers...
The Yanacocha mining district is located in the Andes of northern Peru in an area of relatively thick continental crust (~35 km) and long-lived Cenozoic subduction-related volcanism. Volcanic activity in the district began at ~20 Ma, and gold deposits (total resource of ~1500 tonnes of gold) are spatially and temporally...
On 3 April 2001, a 20 kg point source of fluorescein dye was released 30 m above the bottom of the active summit caldera of Vailulu’u submarine volcano, Samoa. Vailulu’u crater is 2000 m wide and at water depths of 600–1000 m, with the bottom 200 m completely enclosed; it...
Background: Surveillance on paralysis prevalence has been conceptually and methodologically challenging. Numerous methods have been used to approximate population-level paralysis prevalence estimates leading to widely divergent prevalence estimates. Objective/hypotheses: To describe three phases in use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework and planning...
The event-scale variability of across-shelf transport was investigated using observations made in 15 m of
water on the central Oregon inner shelf. In a study area with intermittently upwelling-favorable winds and
significant density stratification, hydrographic and velocity observations show rapid across-shelf movement of
water masses over event time scales of...
The spatial and temporal variability of inner-shelf circulation along the central Oregon coast during the
2004 upwelling season is described using a 70-km-long array of moorings along the 15-m isobath. Circulation
at three stations located onshore of a submarine bank differed from that of a station north of the bank,...
A form of the linear, inviscid shallow water wave equation which includes alongshore uniform, but cross-shore variable, longshore currents and bathymetry is presented. This formulation provides a continuum between gravity waves (either leaky or edge waves) on a longshore current, and the recently discovered shear waves. In this paper we...
Submersible belt-transect surveys along a rocky bottom were combined with acoustic surveys of the water column to estimate depth distribution and density of fishes at Stonewall Bank, Oregon in the northeastern Pacific Ocean from September through October 1991. The objectives of the study were to determine the proportion of fish...
The summit crater of Vailulu’u Seamount, the youngest volcano in the Samoan chain, hosts an active
hydrothermal system with profound impact on the ocean water column inside and around its crater (2 km
wide and 407 m deep at a 593 m summit depth). The turbidity of the ocean water...
Rockfishes, Sebastes spp.. were the most numerous and speciose fishes seen during 16 submersible dives from 64 to 305 m depth in the vicinity of Heceta Bank off the coast of Oregon. Dense schools of juvenile rockfishes and large yellowtail rockfish, S. flavidus, were observed only over rocky, high relief...
Subduction zone recycling of volatiles (H₂O, Cl, S, F) is controlled by the nature of subducted materials and the temperature-pressure profile of the downgoing slab. We investigate the variability in volatile and fluid-mobile trace element enrichment in the Sunda arc using melt inclusion data from Kawah Ijen and Tambora volcanoes,...
We report new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for the oldest Pacific oceanic floor at Ocean Drilling Program Site 801C in the Pigafetta basin and Site 1149D close to the Izu-Bonin subduction zone in the Nadezhda basin. These ages were determined by applying high-resolution incremental heating experiments (including 15–30 heating steps) to better...
Recent work by S. Lentz et al. documents offshore transport in the inner shelf due to a wave-driven return
flow associated with the Hasselmann wave stress (the Stokes–Coriolis force). This analysis is extended using
observations from the central Oregon coast to identify the wave-driven return flow present and quantify the...
South Pacific intraplate volcanoes have been active since the Early Cretaceous. Their HIMU-EMI-EMII mantle sources can be traced back into the West Pacific Seamount Province (WPSP) using plate tectonic reconstructions, implying that these distinctive components are enduring features within the Earth's mantle for, at least, the last 120 Myr. These...
The distribution and geographic range of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been reduced by 56% since European settlement. Although loss and fragmentation of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats have been cited as the primary causes for the decline of the species, degradation of existing habitat also has been considered an important...
The distribution and geographic range of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been reduced by 56% since European settlement. Although loss and fragmentation of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats have been cited as the primary causes for the decline of the species, degradation of existing habitat also has been considered an important...
Over the last three decades the first-order correlation in morphology and orientation of seamount trails
has been called upon to support the concept of a ‘‘fixed’’ Pacific hot spot frame of reference and to explain
the Hawaii-Emperor bend (HEB) by a dramatic change in Pacific plate motion. In this paper,...
The Louisville seamount trail has been recognized as one of the key examples of hot spot volcanism, comparable to the classic volcanic Hawaiian-Emperor lineaments. The published total fusion ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data of Watts et al. [1988] showed an astonishing linear age progression, firmly establishing Louisville as a fixed hot spot in...
Ocean color remote-sensing systems require highly accurate calibration (<0.5%) for accurate retrieval of water properties. This accuracy is typically achieved by vicarious calibration which is done by comparing the atmospherically corrected remote-sensing data to accurate estimates of the water-leaving radiance. Here we present a new method for vicarious calibration of...
Water conservation in nursery systems is an ever-increasing focus, yet there is relatively little guidance for growers producing seedlings intended for restoration regarding how practices such as subirrigation influence plant growth in the nursery and after outplanting. Our study investigated red-flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum Pursh) seedling development and early field...
The federally threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is the focus of intensive
conservation efforts that have led to much forested land being reserved as habitat for the owl and associated wildlife
species throughout the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Recently, however, a relatively new threat to spotted...
We estimated annual survival rates (S) of 23 radio-marked Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at the Quartz and Timbered Rock burns and adjacent areas in southwest Oregon. We used known-fate models in program MARK to test for differences in survival among three groups (owls dwelling inside of burned areas,...
The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is one of the most intensively studied raptors in the world; however, little is known about the impacts of wildfire on the subspecies and how they use recently burned areas. Three large-scale wildfires in southwest Oregon provided an opportunity to investigate the short-term...
Many Earth science disciplines are currently experiencing the emergence of new ways of data
publication and the establishment of an information technology infrastructure for data archiving and
exchange. Building on efforts to standardize data and metadata publication in geochemistry [Staudigel et
al., 2002], here we discuss options for data publication,...
Cryopreservation nearly universally depends on the equilibration of cells and tissues with high concentrations of permeating chemicals known as cryoprotective agents, or CPAs. Despite their protective properties, CPAs can cause damage as a result of osmotically-driven cell volume changes, as well as chemical toxicity. In this study, we have used...
Direct interception of windblown cloud water by forests has been dubbed “occult deposition” because it represents a hydrological input that is hidden from rain gauges. Eddy correlation studies of this phenomenon have estimated cloud water fluxes to vegetation yet have lacked estimates of error bounds. This paper presents an evaluation...
Heceta Bank is a large reef on the edge of the central Oregon continental shelf that supports a wide variety of commercial fisheries. Using the research submersible Delta, we studied fish abundances on Heceta Bank and the relationship between species composition of fish assemblages and bottom types. Cluster analysis indicated...
We report on physical mechanisms behind the temperature-dependent optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and photoconductivity in spin-coated films of a functionalized anthradithiophene (ADT) derivative, ADT-triethylsilylethynyl (TES)-F, and its composites with C₆₀ and another ADT derivative, ADT-TIPS-CN. Measurements of absorption and PL spectra, PL lifetimes, and transient photocurrent were performed at temperatures...
Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi are economically important cyst nematodes that restrict production of cereal crops in the Pacific Northwest United States and elsewhere in the world. Identification of these two species is critical for recommending and implementing effective management practices. Primers were designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)...
The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae suppresses wheat production in the western United States. A second species of cereal cyst nematode, H. filipjevi, was identified in eastern Oregon during 2008. This paper reports the discovery of H. filipjevi–infested fields in eastern Washington, thereby extending the known distribution of H. filipjevi...
Vailulu’u seamount is an active underwater volcano that marks the end of the Samoan hotspot trail (Hart et al., 2000). Vailulu’u has a simple conical morphology (Figure 1) with a largely enclosed volcanic crater at relatively shallow water depths, ranging from 590 m (highest point on the crater rim) to...
Reading through this issue of Oceanography, it will become
apparent that researchers in different disciplines see their
seamounts in quite different ways. The term seamount has been
defined many times (e.g., Menard, 1964; Wessel, 2001; Schmidt and
Schmincke, 2000; Pitcher et al., 2007; International Hydrographic
Organization, 2008; Wessel et al.,...
We report on the effect of various guest molecules added to a functionalized anthradithiophene (ADT) host on photoexcited charge carrier dynamics in solution-deposited thin films, from ~100 ps to >100 μs after photoexcitation with 100 fs laser pulses. An addition of 2 and 5 wt % of C60 to a...
We investigated the movements and selection of settlement sites of translocated pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in southeastern Oregon from June to December 2008. We captured, radio tagged, and translocated 59 pygmy rabbits across big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp.) habitat with 3 categories of landscape fragmentation. We used radio telemetry to...
Surface transient storage (STS) has functional significance in stream ecosystems because it increases solute interaction with sediments. After volume, mean residence time is the most important metric of STS, but it is unclear how this can be measured accurately or related to other timescales and field-measureable parameters. We studied mean...
The recent push to develop unconventional sources of oil and gas both in the U.S. and abroad via hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) has generated a great deal of controversy. Effectively engaging stakeholders and setting appropriate policies requires insights into current public perceptions of this issue. Using a nationally representative U.S. sample...
Velocity measurements from 17 deployments of moored acoustic Doppler current
profilers obtained during four summer upwelling seasons are used to describe the crossshelf
divergence of Ekman transport in the inner shelf off Oregon. For each deployment
the measured surface and bottom cross-shelf transports were compared with estimates
of the theoretical...
We explored relationships between photophysical processes and solar cell characteristics in solution-processable bulk heterojunctions (BHJs), in particular: (1) polymer donor:fullerene acceptor:small-molecule (SM) nonfullerene acceptor, (2) polymer donor:SM donor:SM nonfullerene acceptor, and (3) SM donor:SM nonfullerene or fullerene acceptor. Addition of a nonfullerene SM acceptor to “efficient” polymer:fullerene BHJs led to...
Many disciplines of geochemistry have no data reporting standards, and their use of metadata is inadequately developed. This presents problems to the quality of the published science, and it limits the utility of computers in data analysis and the exploitation of Information Technology (IT). We discuss problems of data and...
Feedback loops involving soil microorganisms can
regulate plant populations. Here, we hypothesize that microorganisms
are most likely to play a role in plant–soil feedback
loops when they possess an affinity for a particular plant and
the capacity to consistently affect the growth of that plant for
good or ill. We...
Polarization-dependent absorption spectra of two functionalized derivatives of fluorinated anthradithiophene, diF TES-ADT and diF TDMS-ADT, were studied in the crystal phase using a Holstein-like Hamiltonian. For both molecules, the primary contribution to the lowest energy absorption was found to be the S-0-S-1 excitonic transition perturbed by an intermolecular coupling of...
Lō`ihi Seamount defines the volcanically active, leading edge in the Hawaiian hotspot chain. It is located on the submarine flank of Mauna Loa, 30 km south of the island of Hawai`i. Lō`ihi’s summit is at 975-m water depth (Pisces Peak), and the seamount has a pronounced southern rift that extends...
We examined sub-nanosecond time-scale charge carrier dynamics in crystalline films of a functionalized anthradithiophene (ADT) donor (D) with three different acceptor (A) molecules. A four-fold enhancement in ultrafast charge carrier separation efficiency was observed in D/A blends with a fullerene acceptor added at 7–10 wt. % concentrations, whereas a gradual...
It is well established that the choice of yeast used to perform wine fermentation significantly influences the sensory attributes of wines; different yeast species and strains impart different profiles of esters, volatile fatty acids, higher alcohols, and volatile sulphur compounds. Indeed, choice of yeast remains one of the simplest means...
The well-known fact that tropical sea level can be usefully simulated by linear wind driven models recommends it as a realistic test problem for data assimilation schemes. Here we report on an assimilation of monthly data for the period 1975-1992 from 34 tropical Pacific tide gauges into such a model...
Heterotrophic respiration (HR), the aerobic and anaerobic processes mineralizing organic matter, is a key carbon flux but one impossible to measure at scales significantly larger than small experimental plots. This impedes our ability to understand carbon and nutrient cycles, benchmark models, or reliably upscale point measurements. Given that a new...
The issue of permanent nondipole contributions to the time-averaged field lies at the very heart of
paleomagnetism and the study of the ancient geomagnetic field. In this paper we focus on paleomagnetic
directional results from igneous rocks of the southwestern U.S.A. in the age range 0–5 Ma and investigate
both...