Capelin are a major component of cod diet in many ecosystems of the North Atlantic. In
the Bering Sea, however, the percentage of capelin found in Pacific cod stomachs is negligible. We
hypothesize that the landscape (or ‘seascape’) features of hydrography and bathymetry of the Bering
Sea impose a constraint...
An expression for the ratio of the upwelling nadir radiance L(π, z) and the downwelling scalar irradiance Eod(Z) is derived from the following equation of radiative transfer. This expression is given by RSR(z)=[L(π, z)]/Eod(Z) = [fb(z)bb(z)]/2π[k(π, z) + c(z) – fL(z)bf(z)], where bb(z) is the backscattering coefficient, k(π, z) is...
An expression is derived for the rate at which the diffuse attenuation coefficient for vector irradiance approaches its asymptotic value in a homogeneous medium. The asymptotic approach rate is shown to be a function of boundary conditions at the surface and the asymptotic diffuse attenuation coefficient which is an inherent...
With water vapor and clouds expected to effect significant feedbacks on climate, moisture transport through convective processes has important implications for future temperature change. The precipitation efficiency—the ratio of the rates at which precipitation and condensation form (e = P/C)—is useful for characterizing how much boundary layer moisture recycles through precipitation versus...
An exact expression for the remotely sensed reflectance (RSR, upwelling radiance divided by downwelling scalar irradiance) just beneath the surface of the ocean is derived from the equation of radiative transfer. It is shown that the RSR at a given depth in the ocean depends only on the inherent optical...
Measurements of inherent optical properties (IOP) were conducted over bottoms with different substrates by use
of a sampling package mounted on and operated by a SCUBA diver. It was found that in areas of low ambient
currents the distribution of IOP varies with bottom type in (1) its value relative...
We looked at the influence of temperature and salinity on the absorption coefficient of water with emphasis on the red and near-IR portions of the spectrum. The absorption coefficient of pure water was found to have a strong dependence on temperature and little dependence on salinity near the harmonics of...
Genomic libraries derived from environmental DNA (metagenomic libraries) are useful for characterizing
uncultured microorganisms. However, conventional library-screening techniques permit characterization of
relatively few environmental clones. Here we describe a novel approach for characterization of a metagenomic
library by hybridizing the library with DNA from a set of groundwater isolates, reference...
Long-term ecological data are crucial in helping ecologists understand ecosystem function and environmental change. Nevertheless, these kinds of data sets are difficult to analyze because they are usually large, multivariate, and spatiotemporal. Although existing analysis tools such as statistical methods and spreadsheet software permit rigorous tests of pre-conceived hypotheses and...
One hundred and seventy pairs of temperature and light transmission profiles were obtained by simultaneous conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and light transmissometer casts in three cruises on the R/V Yaquina over the continental shelf off Oregon. These were analyzed for bottom nepheloid layers (BNL) and bottom mixed layers layers (BML). Supplementing these...