Historians and sociologists of science often identify the efflorescence of social stud ies of science with the work of postwar American intellectuals such as Robert K. Merton and Thomas S. Kuhn. They often also refer to the views of Michael Polanyi (1891-1976) on the roles of tacit knowledge, apprenticeship, social...
In 2006, NASA led a field campaign to investigate the factors that control the fate of African easterly waves (AEWs) moving westward into the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Aircraft and surface-based equipment were based on Cape Verde's islands, helping to fill some of the data void between Africa and the Caribbean....
Introduction: The health benefits of physical activity are well established in older adults with arthritis. Despite these benefits, many older adults with arthritis are not active enough to maintain health; therefore, increasing physical activity in adults with arthritis is a public health priority. The purpose of this study was to...
A statistically consistent and physically realistic approach for validating vector magnitude measurements is developed, based on a model for random measurement noise that explicitly satisfies a nonnegativity constraint for all “noisy” vector magnitude measurements. Numerical and analytic approximations are used to quantify the nonlinear functional dependence of sample conditional means...
At the earth's surface, long‐wave radiation received from the atmosphere in the absence of cloud may be expressed as the sum of the flux density from an isotropic source and the flux density due to anisotropy of atmospheric radiation. Separation of these components facilitates calculations of the radiative flux received...
The sum of the Holevo quantity (that bounds the capacity of quantum channels to transmit classical information about an observable) and the quantum discord (a measure of the quantumness of correlations of that observable) yields an observable-independent total given by the quantum mutual information. This split naturally delineates information about...
Analysis of profiles measured over irrigated cotton in the Sudan Gezira showed that the crop boundary
layer remained stable throughout most of the day. The shape of wind profiles measured within the canopy
suggested that momentum was absorbed mostly in the upper layers of the canopy, with the lower regions...
Fluxes of sulphur dioxide to wheat were measured over two growing seasons. The deposition velocity, vg, depended primarily on affinities of surfaces for SO2 and varied from less than 0.1 to about 1.5cms−1. Stomata were an important sink, and diurnal changes in stomatal resistance accounted for most of the variation...
The construction of a directional radiometer for measuring longwave radiation from the atmosphere is
described. The instrument had a filter of black polyethylene to exclude solar radiation, and the detector was
a thermopile. By analysis of the radiation and heat balances of the thermopile, correction terms are derived
for (i)...
On cloudless days in summer, longwave irradiance was measured with a radiometer and was calculated
from a radiation chart using records from radiosondes released at regular intervals. The results show that
the chart underestimated the longwave flux density at the ground by up to 40W/m^(-2), corresponding to
an extra atmospheric...