Early child care and education programs have the potential to play a supportive role in the lives of vulnerable children and families involved in the child welfare system. Child care subsidies can help low-income families to access these programs. The current study examines the use and stability of child care...
Abstract: Coastal upwelling zones may be at enhanced risk from ocean acidification as upwelling brings low aragonite saturation state (Ω[subscript Ar]) waters to the surface that are further suppressed by anthropogenic CO₂. Ω[subscript Ar] was calculated with pH, pCO₂, and salinity-derived alkalinity time series data from autonomous pH and pCO₂...
First-year tree seedlings represent a particularly vulnerable life stage and successful seedling establishment is crucial for forest regeneration. We investigated the extent to which Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson populations from different climate zones exhibit differential expression of functional traits that may facilitate their establishment. Seeds from two populations...
Because iso- and anisohydric species differ in stomatal regulation
of the rate and magnitude of fluctuations in shoot
water potential, they may be expected to show differences in
the plasticity of their shoot water relations components, but
explicit comparisons of this nature have rarely been made.
We subjected excised shoots...
Monthly temperature and precipitation data from 41 global climate models (GCMs)
of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were compared to
observations for the 20th century, with a focus on the United States Pacific Northwest
(PNW) and surrounding region. A suite of statistics, or metrics, was calculated, that...
Genetic-modification strategies are currently being developed to reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases, including African trypanosomiasis. For tsetse, the vector of African trypanosomiasis, a paratransgenic strategy is being considered: this approach involves modification of the commensal symbiotic bacteria Sodalis to express trypanosome-resistance-conferring products. Modified Sodalis can then be driven into...
The current study examines the effects of Head Start on the development of school readiness outcomes for children living in non-parental care. Data were obtained from the Head Start Impact Study, a randomized controlled trial of Head Start conducted with a nationally representative sample of Head Start programs and families....
We compiled a lake-water clarity database using publically available, citizen volunteer observations made between 1938 and 2012 across eight states in the Upper Midwest, USA. Our objectives were to determine (1) whether temporal trends in lake-water clarity existed across this large geographic area and (2) whether trends were related to...
Pacific red lionfish Pterois volitans have invaded Atlantic reefs and reached much greater population densities than on native reefs. We hypothesized that lionfish on invaded reefs would (1) experience higher kill rates and thus spend less time hunting, given the naïveté of Atlantic prey, (2) consume a greater variety of...
Subduction zone recycling of volatiles (H₂O, Cl, S, F) is controlled by the nature of subducted materials and the temperature-pressure profile of the downgoing slab. We investigate the variability in volatile and fluid-mobile trace element enrichment in the Sunda arc using melt inclusion data from Kawah Ijen and Tambora volcanoes,...