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  • Behavior of large waterdrops in shear flow

    Creator:
    Caldwell, Douglas R. and Elliott, W.P.
    Abstract:
    Nondimensionalized equations of motion for waterdrops, not necessarily obeying Stokes's law, are derived and used to calculate the response of various size drops to changes in horizontal wind speed. We find that (1) cloud drops respond almost instantaneously to changes in wind speed, whereas raindrops require considerable time to adjust,...
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    the air with speed u -- v, and the total speed of the drop through the air is c = [(u- v) 2 -'l- w2

  • A freely falling probe for small-scale temperature gradients

    Creator:
    Caldwell, Douglas R., Wilcox, Steve D., and Matsler, Mark
    Abstract:
    A light, simple, and fairly inexpensive hand-launched freely falling probe for measuring temperature microstructure was built. The circuitry operates under pressure in a Freon environment; low-power integrated circuits are used as components. The probe is assembled from plastic pipe and fittings and recovered with monofilament fishing line. Standard XBTs are...
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    Copenhagen 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark References Oceanogr. Rep. 4. 6 p. - ’ PARKER, A. C. 1968

  • Regularization and Approximation of Second Order Evolution Equations

    Creator:
    Showalter, R. E.
    Abstract:
    We give a nonstandard method of integrating the equation Bu" + Cu’ + Au = f in Hilbert space by reducing it to a first order system in which the differentiated term corresponds to energy. Semigroup theory gives existence for hyperbolic and for parabolic cases. When C = εA, ε...
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    . When C cA, e >= O, this method permits the use of Faedo-Galerkin projection techniques analogous to the

  • Thermal microstructure on a lake slope

    Creator:
    Caldwell, Douglas R., Brubaker, John M., and Neal, Victor T.
    Abstract:
    As shallow water is approached via a steep lake-bottom slope, increased mixing of heat is indicated by the presence of a highly “stepped” temperature profile. This mixing activity operates over a wide range of vertical scales.
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    CALDWELL, DOUGLAS R., JOHN M. BRUBAKER, AND VICTOR T. NEAL

  • The scaling of vertical temperature gradient spectra

    Creator:
    Caldwell, Douglas R., Dillon, T. M., Brubaker, J. M., Newberger, P. A., and Paulson, C. A.
    Abstract:
    Tests of a formula derived for the cutoff wave number of vertical temperature gradient spectra, using data taken in the upper layers of the North Pacific, show encouraging results. To derive this formula, the cutoff wave number is assumed to be the Batchelor wave number, with kinetic energy dissipation calculated...
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    Temperature Gradient Spectra D. R. CALDWELL, T. M. DILLON, J. M. BRUBAKER, P. A. NEWBERGER, AND C. A

  • The Batchelor spectrum and dissipation in the upper ocean

    Creator:
    Dillon, Thomas M. and Caldwell, Douglas R.
    Abstract:
    Observations of vertical temperature microstructure at ocean station P during the mixed layer experiment (Mile) indicate that the shape of the high-frequency temperature gradient spectrum depends on the relative strengths of turbulence and stratification. For low Cox number ((dT/dz)²)/ (dT/dz)²• the linear range of the Batchelor spectrum is not well...
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    and Dissipation in the Upper Ocean THOMAS M. DILLON AND DOUGLAS R. CALDWELL School of Oceanography

  • High-frequency internal waves at ocean station P

    Creator:
    Dillon, Tom M. and Caldwell, Douglas R.
    Abstract:
    Slow perturbations of the drop speed of a nearly freely falling, winged, microstructure probe in the upper 200 m at station P are interpreted as vertical velocity fluctuations of an internal wave field. The frequencies of these fluctuations lie in the 2.5- to 4-cph band, near the buoyancy-frequency cutoff. A...
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    Waves at Ocean Station P TOM M. DILLON AND DOUGLAS R. CALDWELL Oregon State University, Corvallis

  • The thinness of oceanic temperature gradients

    Creator:
    Caldwell, Douglas R., Chriss, T. M., Newberger, P. A., and Dillon, T. M.
    Abstract:
    A test of the scaling of the extent of the thinnest vertical temperature gradients, in the near-bottom boundary layer on the Oregon shelf, shows that the Batchelor wave number determines the cutoff wave number in vertical temperature gradient spectra. In combination with previous results, in other words, this test shows...
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    CALDWELL ET AL.: BRIEF REPORT 4291 iO I I I I I k c/k e iO ̧ tO-I ß ß e ee ß ß •ee ß ß ß ß ß

  • An inertial subrange in microstructure spectra

    Creator:
    Newberger, P. A. and Caldwell, Douglas R.
    Abstract:
    An inertial subrange was found in spectra calculated from vertical profiles of temperature gradient recorded in the bottom boundary layer of the Oregon shelf. Spectra were calculated for 53-cm vertical segments. An ensemble average of those spectra that were fully resolved and had high Cox number was compared to the...
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    = 2.0); line b, •{•4/3 = 0.318 68 = 0.5, q = 4.95); line c, fla 4/3 • 0.248 68 = 0.31, q = 2(3)•/2

  • Oceanic turbulence: big bangs or continuous creation?

    Creator:
    Caldwell, Douglas R.
    Abstract:
    In a discussion of the turbulence characteristics of patches of 'microstructure' in the ocean, the hypothesis advocated by Gibson (1982), that the patches are produced by very rare but extremely powerful turbulence-generating events which usually have 'fossilized' before their observation, is contrasted with the hypothesis of a turbulence field driven...
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    ' Big Bangs or Continuous Creation? DOUGLAS R. CALDWELL Oregon State University In a discussion of