T cells are one of the key cells in the immune system. Although they are not the first line of defense against a pathogen, their functions can greatly enhance the phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens as well as the development of antibody responses. Furthermore, even when responding T cells have...
Incubation experiments with an acid poorly drained soil have
shown that the application of neutral soluble salts influenced the level
of extractable Mn. The application of a salt which lowered the soil
pH either increased the extractable Mn or retarded the oxidation
and/or fixation of extractable Mn. This effect was...
The research presented in this thesis evaluated the effects of
uranyl (UO₂⁺⁺) upon the absorption of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cl. Due
to the biological importance of Na and K, these two ions were
studied in the greatest detail.
The results of this research showed that, at UO₂⁺⁺ concentrations...
The immune system has been identified as a very sensitive target for the toxic effects of 2,3,7,S-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Exposure to TCDD has been shown to disrupt the generation of both cell-mediated and humoral T cell-dependent immunity in laboratory animals; however, the mechanism remains unknown. In this dissertation, the hypothesis is...
Experiments were conducted to determine identification methods
that could be used to differentiate annual and perennial plant types within
the species Poa annua L. Thereafter, Poa annua plants were collected
from numerous turfed areas in three Northern Pacific Coastal
regions and identified as annual or perennial biotypes.
It was found...
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds are well-recognized for their immunosuppressive activity, which is mediated through an intracellular receptor and transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Laboratory animals exposed to TCDD are less resistant to infection and have severely impaired humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. This dissertation addressed the hypothesis that...
Polypeptidyl derivatives of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease
(RNase) containing two or three tyrosine chains
with an average of two to three residues per chain have
been prepared. The effects of various perturbants such as
neutral salts, ethanol, urea and guanidine hydrochloride
on the thermal transition of the derivatives have been
studied....
Streamflow variability can provide valuable information for nonpoint source
pollution monitoring program planning. The research papers presented in this thesis
examine selected properties of streamflow variability in Oregon to advance its application
in regional planning of water quality monitoring programs. The products of this research
depict Oregon streams by their...
A series of field experiments was established in 1978, 1979, and 1980 on Lower Klamath Lake where Mn deficiency of oats had been observed in previous years. The pH of the soils ranged from 7.6 to 8.3 and the organic matter content was between 17 and 19%. The objectives of...
The purpose of this research was to develop methods for using geographic information system (GIS) analysis and unsupervised classification of Global Vegetation Index (GVI) images to improve carbon budget estimates of the former Soviet Union (FSU). A GIS was used to locate the geographic distribution and estimate the area of...
Laboratory incubation studies and field studies with sweet corn
and onions were undertaken to evaluate interactions of lime,
phosphorus (P), and copper (Cu). Eight soils were incubated at a
constant temperature of 21 °C with combinations of band placed
monocalcium phosphate (MCP), ammonium sulfate (AmS), and copper
sulfate pentahydrate (CSPH)...
Field-plot experiments and pot culture techniques were used to
investigate reported Cu deficiency in certain Oregon organic soils.
Field experiments were established in 1973 and 1974 on an acid peat
soil and two alkaline muck soils near Klamath Falls, The effect of
rates of from 0 to 45 kg Cu/ha...
Three greenhouse experiments were designed to measure the
effects of N, K and Cl on the nutrient uptake by Russet Burbank potatoes
(Solanum tuberosum). A Deschutes sandy loam soil from Powell
Butte area in Central Oregon, low in potassium, was used to study
these effects.
Nitrogen applications produced significant increases...
Complementary methods of strain identification were sought to
delineate the composition of the population of Rhizobium trifolii
found in nodules of Trifolium subterraneum L. when exposed to an
Abiqua silty clay loam (Cumulic Ultic Haploxeroll) containing a
resident population of R. trifolii. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) was...
Field, growth chamber, and greenhouse studies were carried
out to evaluate factors that cause low seed set in Dactylis Glomerata
L. The variety, 'Latar', and the parental clones of the variety,
'Pennlate', were studied in detail.
Floral anatomy investigations indicated that 98 percent of
Dactylis flowers opened at Corvallis in...
Human alterations of landscapes take many forms, one of which is anthropogenic pollution. Mercury (Hg) is a complex contaminant because its uptake into the food web is not driven entirely by loading to the system; methylation is necessary to make Hg bioavailable and toxic to fish and wildlife. Because methylation...
We developed a model to investigate the dielectric properties of the
BaTiO₃ − Bi(Zn₁/₂Ti₁/₂)O₃ (BT-BZT) solid solution, which is a relaxor ferroelectric and exhibits long range disorder. The model uses ab initio methods
to determine all polarization states for every atomic configuration of 2 x 2 x 2
supercells of...
Conventional pictures of nuclear interactions, in which the pion mediates the long/medium range part of the nuclear force, predict an enhancement of the virtual pion cloud in nuclei relative to that in the free nucleon. Jefferson Lab Experiment E91003 measured charged pion electroproduction from Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Helium-3. The longitudinal...
Hybrids with abnormal development were obtained when particular
genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were crossed. The phenotypic
aberrations of the F₁s included retarded growth, chlorosis of the
trifoliate leaves and the formation of adventitious roots on the
hypocotyls. The expression of the abnormalities was dependent on the
temperature. At high...
The primary focus of this investigation was to assess whether
or not selected ecological indices and leisure preferences demonstrated
statistically significant relationships with the aged's self-concept.
Gerontology, a relatively embryonic discipline, has only
recently begun to examine the impact of demographic, physical and
socio-psychological stresses upon the geron's self-concept. Even...
In the problem of testing the median using a random sample from a
certain distribution, and if no other parametric family is suggested,
the t-test is known to be the optimal procedure when this distribution
is normal. If the sample appears to be non-normal, one has the choice
either to...
Previous research has shown that specific carotenoid pigments
function through oxidation-reduction reactions to protect chlorophyll
from photooxidation in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The hypothesis that diuron (3-(3, 4-
d chloropheny1)-1, 1-dimethylurea) initiates phytotoxicity by inhibition
of NADPH synthesis was examined. All experiments were conducted
in...
The effects of manganese nutrition on growth, mineral composition,
carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, IAA oxidase and phenols
of 'Northwest' strawberry plants are reported. Growth and mineral
composition response were investigated in sand culture and Hoagland's
solution 2 modified to contain 0.0, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, 25.0, 62.5 and
125.0 ppm substrate...
L. C. Dunn (1893-1974) spent most of his scientific career conducting research in
developmental genetics as a member of the Zoology Department at Columbia
University in the City of New York. He had an accomplished scientific career
researching mutations in mice, which earned him respect from other geneticists and
scientists....
The immune toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been studied for over 35 years, but only recently has the profound immune suppression associated with TCDD exposure been linked to induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The effects of TCDD are mediated through binding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription...
Proper immune function is indispensable, as failure to mount an immune response against a pathogen can lead to serious complications or even death. T cells act by enhancing the activation of phagocytic cells as well as the activation of B cells. Their widespread influence on an immune response makes optimal...
This research was conducted in the Mamora National Forest of
Morocco to: (1) Evaluate the effect of cork oak (Quercus suber L.)
crown cover on seasonal herbage production, nutritive quality, and
foliar cover on two distinctive sites in each of two years (1982,
1983) and to (2) assess the effects...
A study of populations characteristics of T. turgidum ssp.
carthlicum and T. aestivum ssp. carthlicoides was completed using
numerical analysis. A sample of 74 accessions of ssp. carthlicum
and 20 of ssp. carthlicoides were scored for 46 characters. It was
established that three morphological distinguishable groups of ssp.
carthlicum can...
Field experiments were established in 1982 and 1983 on a Woodburn silt loam soil (Aquultic Argixeroll) to examine the effect of S fertilizer on dinitrogen fixation and dry matter yield of 10 week-old seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Apollo'). Six levels of S fertilizer (0 to 67.2 kg S/ha)...
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between
the Human Development Program (HDP) and reading achievement and
between HDP and the self-concept of selected fourth grade students
attending a public school. A further purpose was to investigate the
relationship between fourth grade students' measured feelings of
responsibility for the...
Eight species of Lathvrus (Fabaceae, Faboideae) endemic to the
Pacific Coast of North America were the subject of a systematic
investigation. Taxa studied included Lathvrus vestitus, Nutt. ex T.
& G., L. laetif lorus Greene, L.. iepsonii Greene, £,. splendens
Kellogg, L. polvphvllus, Nutt. ex T. & G., L. holochlorus...
Agricultural land conversion is a complex process that involves a
matrix of decisions and decision-makers. This study examines the
nature and relative significance of spatial factors that influence the
decisions of farmers who either sell farmland to developers for urban
use or retain it for agricultural use. The conceptual model...
Bankfull discharge is an important indicator of streamfiow and affects
physical instream habitat. Geographic Information Systems (G IS), hydrologic
modeling, and statistical analysis were utilized to assess the relationship of
bankfull discharge recurrence intervals and land use / land cover watershed
wide and for stream adjacent buffers and bands of...
Water right marketing and transfers represent a resource reallocation
strategy that has received considerable attention in the American West owing to
nearly full appropriation of water in the region. Several western states permit
transfers between different uses and places of use thus allowing water to move to
higher-value economic activities....
Stream management and design recommendations related to the Salmon Habitat Recovery Program in the Pacific Northwest require area specific information concerning appropriate methods of stream classification, bankfull discharge recurrence intervals, and hydraulic geometry relationships. New region specific information, based on field measurements, is presented here. The Rosgen Classification of Natural...
The feasibility of managing codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), with mixtures
of Bacillus thuringiensis-based microbial and selected chemical insecticides was
studied under laboratory and field conditions. Joint actions (synergism, additivity and
antagonism) of these mixtures were determined for both egg and larval stages. Higher
rates of microbial control agents (MCAs),...
We present a deterministic spectral method to predict equilibrium temperature distributions, heat flux, and thermal conductivity in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. We solve the Boltzmann transport equation in a second order spatial, self-adjoint angular flux formulation. We implemented this method into the radiation transport code Rattlesnake, built using the MOOSE...
Experiments were conducted to determine: 1) the effects of exogenous melatonin and reduced photoperiod on molting and growth of the winter pelage (fur) and 2) whether changes in serum prolactin levels of treated and control mink during this same period were correlated with growth of winter fur. Adult and kit...
This dissertation focuses on defining underlying mechanisms to enable the bio-inspired design of aerodynamic and/or hydrodynamic vehicles that operate within complex environments. This dissertation introduces four overarching research gaps found in current bio-inspired design research and four corresponding approach questions that guide the framework of the presented research. This research...
The Generation IV Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) design is being actively
studied in various countries for application due to its inherent passive safe design,
higher thermal efficiencies, and proposed capability of providing high temperature
process heat. The pebble bed core is one of two core designs used in gas...
The purpose of this study was to explore the use of a multidimensional
approach to quality assessment of master's programs in the
context of the human judgment process. Specific steps included:
(1) selecting general dimensions of quality; (2) selecting specific
measures to define dimensions; (3) use of a research model...
Experiments are reported which demonstrate that a cobalt deficiency
in R. meliloti results in a decreased cytochrome content of
bacterial cells. It is concluded that the effect of cobalt deficiency
on cytochrome content of Rhizobium cells and on the leghemoglobin
content of nodules possibly may be explained by an effect...
Automated systems have become increasingly important to human decision making and task performance in a wide variety of complex fields and situations. Decision aids, a specific form of automation, assist human operators in making complex decisions under conditions of uncertainty, such as air traffic control or combat identification. When humans...
I investigated changes in plasma cortisol concentration over time in juvenile salmonids subjected to various stressors that might be encountered in their normal life cycle. This work was directed at finding a general indicator for stress in fish that could be used be used to aid fisheries research and management....
Wood composites are an important renewable structural material which can be a net carbon sink when used in combination with sustainable forest management practices and high rates of log utilization. Adhesive bondlines are an essential part of composites, and for wood composites, they determine the moisture durability and mechanical performance...
An atmospheric pressure argon glow discharge is shown
to detect trace levels of carbohydrates in aqueous flowing
systems, using either of two glow discharge solution
interface configurations. The first configuration consists
of an oscillating glow discharge sustained between a flowing
aqueous cathode and platinum anode. Picomole and micromolar
mass and...
Childhood obesity and food insecurity are public health issues that often coexist, and both conditions are more prevalent among rural compared to non-rural populations. Social ecological prevention efforts are recommended, yet limited research has examined how rural family-home environments may influence obesity-preventing and -promoting behaviors. The purpose of this dissertation...
The spectrophotometric titration of the tyrosine residues,
their reaction with N-acetylimidazole, and the effect of pH on the
thermally induced conformational transition of ribonuclease T₁ have
been investigated. The results of spectrophotometric titration in
0.20 M KCl/0.001 M sodium phosphate suggest that titration of the
tyrosine residues occurs in two...
Wheat varieties of differential tolerance to Al were used in a
series of nutrient solution experiments to study the inhibitory effects
of Al on growth and nutrient uptake. The pH and the Al and P concentrations
were rigorously maintained to prevent the confounding
effects of Al and P precipitation and...
The purpose of this study of the life and career of Dr. Carl
Leonard Anderson was to recount his professional contributions to
the field of health and relate these to public health and health education. The major emphasis of this study concerned Dr. Anderson's
professional life.
The accomplishment of the...
A study was conducted to characterize the vesicular-arbuscular
(VA) fungi of apples grown in Oregon. Using roots and soil from
apple orchards as inoculae, six different fungal species were found
in pot cultures: Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall, Glomus fasciculatum
(Thaxter sensu Gerdemann) Gerd. and Trappe, Glomus mosseae
(Nicol. and...
L-pipecolic acid (L-PA) is the higher homolog of proline. It occurs naturally in
many organisms, including primates, as an intermediate in lysine degradation. The
pathway by which lysine is converted into L-pipecolic acid employs the enzyme Lpipecolate
oxidase (L-PO), and appears to be tissue specific to the central nervous system...
Molecular genetic and enzymological techniques have been employed to study secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These investigations have focused on two projects: the cloning and heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters from unculturable marine organisms and the characterization of individual enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the antifungal agent blasticidin S. The...
At a time when environmental conditions are rapidly changing, understanding how thermal extremes impact wildlife is imperative to fully understanding the consequences of climate change in natural ecosystems. While many organisms are currently impacted by rapidly warming and more erratic environmental conditions, identifying and investigating model species whose life histories...
The National Park Service has a dual mission of providing public access to exceptional natural resources, but in a manner such that these resources are left “unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.” Human activities in parks undoubtedly affect wildlife, but the degree to which such activities cause impairment is...
One hypothesis proposed to explain how the endocrine
system controls reproductive cycles in seasonally breeding
animals is that the hypothalamus undergoes seasonal
changes in sensitivity to negative feedback by gonadal
steroids. The result is seasonal changes in the secretion
of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and
gonadotropin secretion. The present experiments...
The neurohypophysial peptide system is involved in modulating a
variety of physiological, neurological, and behavioral responses in
vertebrates. The principal forms of these peptides in non-mammalian
tetrapods are vasotocin (VT) and mesotocin (MT). The studies described
in this thesis used pharmacological, molecular, and biochemical
techniques, along with phylogenetic analyses, to...
This study was undertaken to see if a method of handling
segregating populations could be employed which combined the positive
attributes of the traditional pedigree and-bulk methods. Derived F₅
lines from the pedigree, bulk, and what is identified as a modified
bulk method, were obtained from three winter wheat crosses....
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently been described as a novel therapeutic target, given the potent suppression of multiple immune-mediated diseases following activation by the prototypic ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In the parent-into-F1 graft-versus-host (GVH) model, suppression of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response is associated with the presence of CD25⁺CTLA-4⁺IL-10⁺Foxp3[superscript...
A great potential for increasing upland rice production exists in
the savanna soils of Colombia. These vast areas are currently
underutilized. However, they have good soil structure, flat
topography, coupled with sufficient and well distributed rainfall,
making savanna soils ideal for upland rice cropping system. The major
constraints to upland...
A series of in vitro laboratory trials and in vivo
sheep digestion trials were used to evaluate aerobically
or anaerobically fermented perennial ryegrass straw.
The laboratory trials consisted of a silage study, where
mini-silos were used in a 9 X 2 factorial design with
nine levels of whey (0 to...
Parasitic infections and immune challenges can affect host reproductive fitness and, ultimately, the evolution of host populations in a myriad of ways. The fitness implications of parasitic infections range from increased host mortality to subtle changes in reproductive investment. From alterations of behaviors, sexual signaling, and competitive ability to changes...
The continued propagation of antibiotic resistance requires the development of new therapeutics. The lipopeptide antibiotic enduracidin has demonstrated high activity against Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to a lack of cross-resistance with existing antibiotic classes, enduracidin has no known transferrable resistance mechanism. The development of enduracidin as...
Thermal cracking of asphalt concrete pavements is responsible for millions
of dollars in annual maintenance and rehabilitation costs in the United States and
Canada. Thermal cracking is typically associated with low temperatures in
northern climates and at high elevations. However, another form of thermal
cracking, known as thermal fatigue cracking,...
A descriptive model of bed material routing was developed for alluvial streams exhibiting sequences of pools and armored riffles. The model assumes that channel geometry, sediment transport competence and the availability of sediments for transport are all non-uniform in the downstream direction. Bedload transport is described as occurring in two...
Investigation into how animals move within the landscape is important for both understanding of ecological processes and conservation management. Animal movement is important in shaping life history transitions, demographics, individual fitness, and species distributions. However, as landscapes become increasingly affected by human activities, movement becomes important as species navigate landscapes...
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the successes of first generation, community college transfer students served by a TRiO/Student Support Services (TRiO/SSS) program. This study addresses a specific problem in higher education – there are a limited number of first generation transfer students who successfully matriculate...
The purposes of the study were twofold: (1) to compare selected
personality traits of male and female interscholastic and intercollegiate
athletic coaches with standardized norms for personality
traits established for all men and women, and (2) to compare personality
traits of interscholastic male and female athletic coaches with
the personality...
The purpose of this study was to compare the Chapter I supplemental mathematics program CAI with other Chapter I supplemental mathematics programs, Prescription Learning and the traditional "pull-out" program, in terms of achievement and retention of mathematics basic skills. There were 577 Chapter I students from 12 middle schools and...
A portion of this study was initiated to provide the
basis for implementing a chill unit accumulation procedure
in Yemen. Most continuous or daily minimum, maximum
temperature models severely underestimated chilling units,
and slight modifications offered little improvement for the
complex models. Only the Crossa Raynaud formula approximated
generally accepted...
'Marion' and 'Thornless Evergreen' blackberry volatiles were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FED) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on total percentage of FID area 'Thornless Evergreen' contains significantly more alcohols, hydrocarbons, and phenols than the 'Marion'; 'Marion' contains more acids and esters. Both cultivars contained comparable amounts of...
In onions, sensitive cultivars diminish the usefulness of the selective
herbicide bromoxynil. Tolerant cultivars can overcome this limitation. A better
understanding of the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of bromoxynil
tolerance could lead to improved weed control programs in onions.
Onion cultivar response to bromoxynil was studied under greenhouse
conditions. Tolerant...
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) encompasses a spectrum of lymphoid progenitors that have undergone malignant transformation and clonal proliferation at various stages of differentiation. Some cases of ALL have been documented to have prenatal origins and in particular neonatal exposure to various environmental pollutants is associated with increased disease risk, including...
Mountain Quail (Oreortyx pictus) populations have declined in many areas of the western Great Basin during the past century. Yet the life history of this species is little known. From 1997 to 2000, I studied radio-marked Mountain Quail in Hell's Canyon in northeastern Oregon, in the Cascade Mountains of southwestern...
The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between parental attitudes and student
attitudes toward the consumption of alcoholic beverages,
between parental attitudes toward the consumption of
alcoholic beverages and the reasons students drink alcoholic
beverages, and between parental attitudes toward the
consumption of alcoholic beverages and the...
The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of peer presence upon the health-related physical fitness test scores of college students. A total of 312 undergraduate college students, 156 males and 156 females, 18 through 29 years of age, randomly selected from the physical education activity...
Household food availability is comprised of both food purchases and foods obtained from alternative sources, like social networks, community services, and household food production. While the food available at home is associated with eating behaviors, diet quality, and health outcomes of children and adults, the literature on food acquisition of...
National statistics indicate substantially higher rates of divorce
in doctoral student households where the female, rather than the male, is
the degree candidate. This research was designed to examine the married
female's experiences and to identify factors which possibly contribute
to the differential divorce statistics for males and females.
The...
The purpose of this research was to determine if there were
initial differences in selected dimensions of self-actualization, as
measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), between the
freshmen who selected co-educational residence halls and those who
selected single-sex residence halls; and to determine if the type
of residence hall...
This analysis of Colombia's System of National Park Reservations
accomplishes four objectives: 1) The historical development of national
parks in Colombia was described; 2) The status, as of August,
1974, of the areas administered by the Colombian Renewable Natural
Resources Development Institute (INDERENA) was summarized; 3) An
analysis of major...