Index Catalog // ScholarsArchive@OSU

Factorization of Integers

Creator:: Simshaw, James
Abstract:: Factorization of integers is an important aspect of cryptography since it can be used as an attack against some of the common cryptographic methods being used. There are numerous methods in existence for factoring integers. Some of these are faster than others for general numbers, while others work best on...
Resource Type:: Honors College Thesis
Full Text:: Introduction AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF James Simshaw for the

Attitudes of secondary school science and non-science teachers toward certain science related societal issues

Creator:: Barnhart, Richard Burton
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: teachers toward certain science related societal issues AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF RICHARD BURTON

Passage through The Vagina Monologues: A College Anti-Violence Rite

Creator:: Freehling-Burton, Kryn
Abstract:: Passage through The Vagina Monologues: A College Anti-Violence Rite examines the ways in which the audience at Oregon State University (OSU) responds to the annual production of the play in connection with the international college campaign to raise awareness about violence against women and to raise money for community organizations...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Kryn Freehling-Burton for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies in Women Studies

Argument and common ground : scholarly research meets the common core state standards

Creator:: Clark, Jillian
Abstract:: This thesis examines the recent history of the teaching of argument and its implications in the face of new writing standards being implemented in K-12 classrooms under the Common Core State Standards. The new educational policies will shift the focus of writing instruction onto argument writing as part of students'...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: : Vicki Tolar Burton This thesis examines the recent history of the teaching of argument and its

An Exploration of Scholarship on Peer Review in Composition Studies : Looking to the Future with Replicable, Aggregated, and Data-Supported Research Methodologies

Creator:: Day, Jacob E.
Abstract:: This thesis examines the nature of evidence in scholarship on peer review in composition studies. I argue that the nature of evidence present in scholarship on peer review over the past three decades is typically anecdotal, theoretical, and based on limited case studies. I argue that peer review research in...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: : ______________________________________________________ Vicki Tolar Burton This thesis examines the nature of evidence in scholarship on peer review

A reinterpretation, and new demonstrations of, the Borel Normal Number Theorem

Creator:: Rockwell, Daniel Luke
Abstract:: The notion of a normal number and the Normal Number Theorem date back over 100 years. Émile Borel first stated his Normal Number Theorem in 1909. Despite their seemingly basic nature, normal numbers are still engaging many mathematicians to this day. In this paper, we provide a reinterpretation of the...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: , and New Demonstrations of, the Borel Normal Number Theorem Abstract approved: Robert M. Burton The

Charting their own course as writers : a study of writing-intensive students’ self-assessment and goal-setting at start of term

Creator:: Robinson, Tracy Ann
Abstract:: Curricular models and teaching techniques that support college students as the primary authors of their writing-across-the-curriculum experiences remain largely unexplored. This thesis addresses that research gap by investigating the use of a start-of-term writing self-assessment and goal-setting questionnaire (STQ) for upper-division undergraduates taking writing-intensive (WI) college courses in their majors....
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Vicki Tolar Burton Curricular models and teaching techniques that support college students as the

Towards meaningful intercultural interactions: a case study of service-learning in a business writing classroom

Creator:: Sprague, Allen
Abstract:: The following thesis presents a case study analyzing a service-learning project implemented in a second-year level Writing in Business course at Oregon State University. The classroom project required business writing students to serve as cultural ambassadors and conversation partners with international students through INTO OSU's Cultural Ambassador Conversant Program. Relying...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: : __________________________________________________________________ Vicki Tolar Burton The following thesis presents a case study analyzing a service-learning

A circle of response : addressing the tensions of teacher responseto student writing

Creator:: Carothers, April D.
Abstract:: What students need most from instructors’ written response on their texts is commentary that evokes a sense of exchange. Teachers often believe that their job is to point out the deficits in a student’s paper and help eliminate those deficits. While this is a part of the function of response,...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: : ___________________________________________________________________ Vicki Tolar Burton What students need most from instructors’ written response on their texts is

When High School Teachers Teach College Writing : Oregon Approaches to Dual Credit Teacher Qualifications, Support, and Professional Development

Creator:: Terriere, Jordan E.
Abstract:: This thesis examines the challenging situation high school dual credit teachers in Oregon face teaching first-year composition in the high school location. I argue that thorough training, support, and professional development are vital for high school teachers teaching dual credit writing courses, who without it may find themselves faced with...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: : ______________________________________________________ Vicki Tolar Burton This thesis examines the challenging situation high school dual

Rhetorical Arrangement and the Digital Archive : Finding Women’s Voices in the Linus Pauling Papers

Creator:: Boardman, Colleen
Abstract:: The common imagining of archives characterizes these spaces as monolithic, hallowed sites of preserved truths, carefully catalogued and stored, static and frozen in history and waiting to be uncovered. My thesis works to dispel this myth and identify rhetorical elements of the archive’s structure in order to assess how the...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Vicki Tolar Burton Ehren Helmut Pflugfelder The common imagining of archives characterizes

On his own terms : William James, identity, and the development of American Psychology

Creator:: Stoller, Kevin R.
Abstract:: William James came of age at a time of great social and intellectual change in the United States. During this period, new professional identities proliferated, and a new culture of professionalization developed with important ramifications for conceptions of individual and social identity. Professionalization was also closely related to key intellectual...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Master of Arts in History of Science presented on July 24, 2002. Title: On His Own Terms: William James

Plenty & paucity in the ethics of argumentation : a rhetorical critique of eight argumentation textbooks for ethical propositions and corresponding support, reasons and evidence

Creator:: Roberts, James Nolan
Abstract:: Some argumentation texts require additional evidentiary support to uphold their ethical propositions. A rhetorical critique of eight argumentation textbooks for ethical propositions and corresponding support, reason and evidentiary materials reveals that some texts advance ethical claims without providing sufficient backing. Inadequate support for an ethical proposition decreases the likelihood of...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF James Nolan Roberts for the

Talking Story, Writing Proper : Pidgin-Speaking Hawaii Writers at Oregon State University

Creator:: Lum, Kristina H. J.
Abstract:: This thesis is based on a two-part study that analyzes the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the Hawaii student population at Oregon State University (OSU). I designed and conducted a survey among Hawaii students at OSU. Then I interviewed ten Hawaii students who self-identified as Hawaii Creole English (a.k.a. Pidgin)...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Vicki Tolar Burton This thesis is based on a two-part study that analyzes the cultural and

Studying the most effective modes of marine science communication on plastic pollution in the oceans

Creator:: Burton, Simone A.
Abstract:: The ocean provides many ecosystems services and yet humans have viewed the ocean as a black hole for trash since the 1950s. With recycling not getting to the source of the problem, smarter consumer choices are being targeted, specifically choices centered around the use of plastic. Thus efficient, useful communication...
Resource Type:: Honors College Thesis
Full Text:: communication on plastic pollution in the oceans by Simone A. Burton A

Picture this, imagine that : the literary and pedagogic force of ekphrastic principles

Creator:: Pajak, Zachary E.
Abstract:: My thesis is comprised of two articles, titled "Interpreting Britomart's Encounters with Art: The Cyclic Nature of Ekphrasis in Spenser's Faerie Queene III," and "Picture This, Imagine That: Teaching Visual Literacy in the Disciplines." The purpose of my first article is to argue that Edmund Spenser uses ekphrasis in his...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: : _____________________________________________________________________ Vicki Tolar Burton Rebecca R. Olson My thesis is comprised of two articles, titled

Do Slasher Films Breed Violence Against Women?

Creator:: Kimsey, Jennfer M.
Abstract:: A topic of concern for feminists, film critics, media researchers, and film scholars alike who believe in a causal connection between film violence and real life violence have found an enemy in the slasher film. Critics of slasher films, a subgenre of horror, often charge these films are uniquely violent...
Resource Type:: Honors College Thesis
Full Text:: would like to than my co-mentors Kr Freehling-Burton for brining extra sources to the project and also

Adaptive Potential of Coastal Invertebrates to Environmental Stressors and Climate Change

Creator:: Burton, Andrea R.
Abstract:: Climate change presents multiple stressors that are impacting marine life. As carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase in the atmosphere, atmospheric and sea water temperatures increase. In addition, more carbon dioxide is absorbed into the oceans, reducing pH and aragonite saturation state, resulting in ocean acidification (OA). Tightly coupled with...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: DISSERTATION OF Andrea R. Burton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology presented on

Ammonia-oxidizer and denitrifier populations in boreal forest soils of differing nitrogen availability

Creator:: Burton, Marci S.
Abstract:: Nitrification and denitrification are major biological processes transforming nitrogen (N) in soils to plant available N, highly leachable nitrate (NO₃⁻) and gaseous N oxides. Although many studies in the past have studied N cycling communities, the effect of increased N inputs on ammonia-oxidizer and denitrifier population dynamics is still under...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Soils of Differing Nitrogen Availability AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Marci S. Burton

Notions of complexity in substitution dynamical systems

Creator:: Wing, David Josiah
Abstract:: There has been a lot of work done in recent decades in the field of symbolic dynamics. Much attention has been paid to the so-called "complexity" function, which gives a sense of the rate at which the number of words in the system grow. In this paper, we explore this...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: in Substitution Dynamical Systems Abstract approved: Robert M. Burton There has been a lot of work

The galois theory of iterated binomials

Creator:: Danielson, Lynda Major
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: Iterated Binomials Abstract appr Burton I. Fein Let K be a field and let 1(x) = Xn b be a binomial in K[x

Computing entropy for Z²-actions

Creator:: Pierce, Larry A.
Abstract:: For a certain class of Z²-actions, we provide a proof of a conjecture that the ratio of the Perron eigenvalues of the transfer matrices of the free boundary restrictions converge to the entropy of that action. Also, a novel method for computing the entropy of Z²-actions is conjectured.
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: : Computing Entropy for Z2-actions Abstract Approved: Robert M. Burton Abstract: For a certain class of Z2

Creative Placemaking as a Composition Pedagogy

Creator:: Yerace, Marisa
Abstract:: This thesis explores the ways in which creative placemaking, a neighborhood-based practice for building community, can offer community-building and civic action wisdom as a model for composition. This model brings attention to spatial metaphors for rhetoric and teaching that have persisted for millennia; it re-focuses us on community; it encourages...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Vicki Tolar Burton This thesis explores the ways in which creative placemaking, a neighborhood

Chatting, cooking, curating : English language learners as sponsors of literacy in a multicultural literacy center

Creator:: Saleh, Natalie K.
Abstract:: Drawing on Deborah Brandt’s “literacy sponsorship,” this thesis examines ways English language learners (ELLs) in the Corvallis Multicultural Literacy Center (CMLC) act as literacy sponsors, sharing their expertise in language, textiles, and cooking, based on nine in-depth interviews with ELLs at the center. The findings of this thesis are presented...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: approved: ______________________________________________________ Vicki Tolar Burton Drawing on

Even order subgroups of finite dimensional division rings

Creator:: Greenfield, Gary Robert
Abstract:: Let K be a field, and G a finite group. G is said to be K-adequate if there exists a division ring D, finite dimensional over K, and with center K, such that G is contained in the multiplicative group of nonzero elements of D. In this dissertation we investigate...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: OF FINITE DIMENSIONAL DIVISION RINGS Abstract approved: Burton I. Fein Let K be a field, and G a

Literacy narratives across the curriculum

Creator:: Coffey, Marjorie D.
Abstract:: This thesis proposes expanding the locations where literacy narratives are currently used as readings and as writing assignments and considering broad conceptions of the types and uses of literacy narratives read in classrooms. In particular, this thesis asserts the value of expanding the literacy narratives read beyond the current canonical...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: : _____________________________________________________________________ Vicki Tolar Burton This thesis proposes expanding the locations where literacy narratives

Speaking for the dead : funeral rhetoric and women's lament in ancient Athens

Creator:: Robertson, Wayne
Abstract:: Recently, feminist scholars have begun to question the traditional telling of the history of rhetoric. Dissatisfied with a history which is told in terms of privileged, white males to the exclusion of all other voices, these scholars have worked to recover "lost" female rhetoricians and have begun critically rereading the...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Ancient Athens. Abstract approved: Vicki Tolar Burton Recently, feminist scholars have begun to

Beyond the Birds and the Bees: A Study of Comprehensive Sex Education in Oregon High Schools

Creator:: Wicks, Katie J.
Abstract:: Oregon high schools are required to provide comprehensive sex education to students, but there is anecdotal evidence that this is not consistently being carried out across all schools. Despite the significant amount of literature that exists on the topic of sex education, there is a gap in regards to what...
Resource Type:: Honors College Thesis
Full Text:: : ______________________________________________________ Kryn Freehling-Burton Oregon high schools are required to provide comprehensive sex

Religion in the writing classroom : toward a pedagogy of possibility

Creator:: May, Laura D.
Abstract:: In this thesis, I examine composition scholarship on the intersections of religious faith and writing pedagogy over the past twenty years, tracing the origins of compositionists' discomfort with religion and focusing on pedagogical approaches for working with religiously-committed students. In particular, I emphasize the way in which these approaches are...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Burton, Chris Anderson, and Paul Kopperman for serving on my committee. I count myself very lucky to

Poultry Project 4-H Member Guide

Creator:: Hermes, James C., Fischer, Charles, Hollemann, Ken, Johnson, Duane P., and Oregon State University. Extension Service
Abstract:: Published March 2004. Reviewed July 2014. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Resource Type:: Learning Object
Full Text:: Activities 18 Glossary of Terms 20 Resources Revised by James C. Hermes, Extension staff chair and 4-H

Near-Term Effects of Repeated-Thinning with Riparian Buffers on Headwater Stream Vertebrates and Habitats in Oregon, USA

Creator:: Olson, Deanna H. and Burton, Julia I.
Abstract:: We examined the effects of a second-thinning harvest with alternative riparian buffer management approaches on headwater stream habitats and associated vertebrates in western Oregon, USA. Our analyses showed that stream reaches were generally distinguished primarily by average width and depth, along with the percentage of the dry reach length, and...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: Headwater Stream Vertebrates and Habitats in Oregon, USA Deanna H. Olson 1,†,* and Julia I. Burton 2

Preach my gospel : a metaphoric analysis of Mormon missionary rhetoric

Creator:: Roberts, Myra Nichole
Abstract:: The rhetorical significance of Mormonism stems from its history and its success—this success being measured by its consistent increase in membership. The total membership of the Mormon Church has grown from 6 members in 1830 to just over 14 million in just over 180 years. A consistently high rate of...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: members of my committee. Dr. Robert Iltis, Dr. Celeste Walls, Dr. Vicki Tolar Burton, and Dr. Anthony

Mike Rose : composing a reading of inclusion

Creator:: Jameson, Sara
Abstract:: Mike Rose researcher, professor, scholar, and author of numerous articles and books including the literacy memoir - Lives on the Boundary - has been active in the field of education and composition for over 30 years. This thesis looks back at the development of the discipline of composition studies to...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: other committee members Vicki Tolar Burton, Anita Helle, and Janet Nishihara whose guidance

Revisiting hypertext communities of practice

Creator:: Breitenfeldt, Jeffrey
Abstract:: This thesis is an exploration of writing from two communities of practice addressing different aspects of hypertext--an electronic medium used to link text, images, and other content such that it can be accessed by users non-sequentially. In particular, I examine multiple narratives of hypertext development and key theoretically oriented approaches...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: thank Dr. Vicki Tolar-Burton and Dr. Anita Helle--members of my thesis committee--for their support

More than a term : a consideration of how to support generation 1.5 students at colleges and universities

Creator:: Wimberly, Elizabeth Summer
Abstract:: In this thesis, Elizabeth Summer Wimberly details the profile of generation 1.5 students as a group of students who can need extra support in higher education. Generation 1.5 students stand distinct from both international students and native, monolingual students. As such, placing generation 1.5 students in either a mainstream or...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Universities. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Ehren H

"It's not about place it's about space" : place-of-birth decision-making in Cork, Ireland

Creator:: Houtman, Leah S.
Abstract:: Despite apparently supportive national policies, including nation-wide legalization of home birth and coverage by the national health care system of the costs associated with that option, these births account for less than 1% of all births in the Republic of Ireland. Using data collected during participant observation, both in person...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Shirazi and Kryn Freehling-‐Burton, MAIS, for their patience with me and

Monsters in the mirror : literary reflections of mentally and physically deformed humanity in Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene

Creator:: Bromley, Michele Joy
Abstract:: Monstrous beings, or distortions of nature, were a tangible object of fear in the medieval and early modern eras. Aristotle, as a precursor to the scientists and magical practitioners of the twelfth century or the barber-surgeons of the sixteenth century, understood monsters to be human or animal beings deformed by...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis

The Oregon State University Writing Center : history and context

Creator:: Weintraub, Melissa R.
Abstract:: The Oregon State University (OSU) Writing Center: History and Context provides a detailed and multi-faceted view of the Writing Center from its start in 1976 through the present. The information was gathered from interviews, annual reports, archival sources, and scholarly research. Chapter One examines the scholarly conversation about writing centers,...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: also for her support. I also thank the rest of my committee, Anita Helle, Vicki Tolar Burton, and

Coolhunting : the commodification of creative expression and the alienation of youth

Creator:: Fillmore, Mark W.
Abstract:: In this thesis, I argue that the cooptation and commodification of young peoples’ creative expressions of individuality through the practice of “coolhunting” causes alienation within said young people and is, therefore, unethical. I support this claim by using Marxist theory of the Frankfort Institute, viz., Max Horkheimer and Theodor W....
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: master’s committee: Dr. Vicki Tolar Burton for her willingness to climb on board at such a late hour in

In and Out of Touch : Fabricated Histories in Nella Larsen's Passing and James VanDerZee's Studio Portraiture

Creator:: Trowbridge, A. Hayley
Abstract:: Author Nella Larsen and photographer James VanDerZee are two of the most canonical figures of Harlem Renaissance studies, whose respective novels and portraits have been explored extensively, if separately, by scholars. Both Larsen's 1929 novel Passing and VanDerZee's studio portraiture of the 1920s and 1930s have been read in terms...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Passing and James VanDerZee’s Studio Portraiture Abstract approved

The Effect of Affect: A Close Reading of LeBron James’ Athlete Activism

Creator:: Campista, Joshua, I.
Abstract:: The purpose of this thesis is to argue that LeBron James’ expressions of activism are, in many ways, perceived as insincere, hypocritical or disingenuous to his followers on the social media platform Twitter. Using the theoretical framework of Affect Theory and Plutchik’s wheel of emotions, a close reading was conducted...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Reading of LeBron James’ Athlete Activism Abstract approved

Long Term Trends and Sources of Sound in United States Waters

Creator:: Haver, Samara M.
Abstract:: Passive acoustic monitoring is a valuable tool for observing the status of marine environments. Comparisons of underwater soundscapes over temporal and spatial scales can provide data to inform marine conservation efforts, including protection of threatened and endangered species. This dissertation utilizes passive acoustic data collected via a broadly spaced array...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: without my graduate committee representative, Vicki Tolar-Burton. Vicki, thank you for creating and

Learning to Estimate Multi-Relation Aggregation Functions

Creator:: Jadhav, Rashmi Suresh
Abstract:: Multi-relation aggregation queries process the join operator before computing the aggregation function. This join is arguably the most costly operation since traditional join algorithms spend majority of their time trying to join the parts of the relations that do not generate any output tuples. This causes slow response times with...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: interesting. I would like to thank my collaborators Mian Xie and Michael Burton since I truly liked working

Collaborative Online Learning For Join Processing

Creator:: Xie, Mian
Abstract:: Relational binary operators, such as join, are arguably the most costly and frequently used operations in relational data systems. In many join algorithms, the majority of the process time is spent on scanning and attempting to join the parts of the relations that do not satisfy the join condition and...
Resource Type:: Capstone Project
Full Text:: technology in my major. I would like to thank my collaborators Rashmi Jadhav and Michael Burton since I

Form Fits Content in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Creator:: Hogan, James Joseph
Abstract:: In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce used the form or structure of his language to connote a meaning which supported the content of the text. The elements of form he used most often were sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, rhythm, and classical rhetorical schemes....
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce used the form or structure of his language to connote a meaning which

Torn : A Cluster Analysis

Creator:: Mulatero Ferrando, Oriana
Abstract:: Pornography remains one of the most controversial topics in our culture. Politicians, religious groups, and special interest organizations tend to focus on the ‘effects’ pornography has on those who consume it, and fear that pornography is a threat to public health. The general discourse surrounding pornography is that men produce...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Jacky St. James’ full-length film, Torn. Jacky St. James, a self-proclaimed feminist, is a writer and

Blowout and spill occurrence model

Creator:: Sim, Lawrence H.
Abstract:: To assist with risk-assessment with deepwater and ultra-deepwater prospects for offshore energy extraction as well as provide a useful tool for oil spill response, a spatially-explicit model was developed for comprehensive simulations of a blowout event from the wellhead to final fate and degradation. The Blowout and Spill Occurrence Model...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Lawrence H. Sim for

Mapping QTL for root rot resistance, root traits, and morphological trait in a common bean recombinant inbred population

Creator:: Hagerty, Christina H.
Abstract:: Root rot diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a problem wherever they are grown, and are a major constraint to dry edible and snap bean production. Root rot is a primary yield limitation of snap bean production in the US, especially within the top three snap bean producing states...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Christina H. Hagerty for the degree of Master of Science in Horticulture

Oregon 4-H livestock leaders' guide

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Knopf, Greg, and Johnson, Duane P.
Abstract:: Published October 1972. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Resource Type:: Learning Object
Full Text:: Sheep Swine Dairy Cattle Dairy Goats Oregon State University Extension Service October 1972 4-H

Oregon 4-H earth science project : leader guide

Creator:: Thompson, Virginia, Bourdeau, Alex, and Oregon State University. Extension Service
Abstract:: Published July 2000. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Resource Type:: Other
Full Text:: *]& Oregon 4-H Earth Science Project Leader Guide $1.50

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