Information concerning the factors controlling seedling establishment on tephra deposits (airfall volcanic ejecta) is limited. The establishment and growth of six coniferous species, Abies amabills (Dougl.) Forbes (Pacific silver fir), A. procera Rehd. (noble fir), Pinus monticola Dougl. (western white pine), P. Contorta Dougl. (lodgepole pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco...
