Published July 1945. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The larch casebearer Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) is now established throughout all western larch stands in Region 1. Population levels have begun to fluctuate in some of the older infested stands; however, it is still on the increase in more recently invaded territory. During the past 2 years work was begun...
Published November 1945. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This book provides an illustrated guide to the identification and management of fungi, insects, and abiotic conditions that cause problems in Northwest bareroot conifer nurseries. A key to nursery pests offers initial guidance in identification. Separate chapters address individual pests with details on recognition, damage cycle, and management practices to...
Dwarf mistletoes exert an impact on forest productivity, but this impact can be reduced through management practices. Even infested stands can yield considerable volumes if proper control methods are used. Projections of future yield increases due to control efforts are made. Cost of treatment in fiscal year 1973 was $51...
The Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., periodically
defoliates Douglas-fir, true firs, and other host trees in forests of
the western United States. In the Northern Region, these infestations
occur about once every decade.
This history covers the earliest recorded outbreak in northeastern
Washington from 1928 to 1930 and includes...
Published June 1948. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
A light and electron microscope study of Corylus avellana L.
vegetative buds infested with the eriophyoid mites, Cecidiophyopsis
vermiformis Nal. and Phycoptella avellanae Nal., is reported. Descriptions
are given of changes in infested stipule tissue. The
nipple-like proliferations (enations) which arise on the infested
stipule surface are covered by a...
"'Yamhill' (OSU 542.102) was developed and evaluated by the hazelnut breeding program at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and was released in January 2008. Trees of 'Yamhill' are completely resistant to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. Compared to 'Barcelona', trees of 'Yamhill' are smaller...
Published July 1949. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
With color photos and text, describes principal insect pests of hazelnuts (filberts) including their life stages, symptoms of infestation, and techniques for sampling population levels. Also describes beneficial insects (generalist natural enemies) that can combat pest insects.
Published July 1947. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1944. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1943. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1941. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
European hazelnut, Corylus avellana L., is the only economically important nut crop
in the family Betulaceae. One of the threats to the hazelnut industry in the Pacific
Northwest is the fungal disease eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by the
pyrenomycete Anisogramma anomala. Host genetic resistance to EFB identified in the...
Revised March 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised January 1981. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Viability and dispersal of ascospores of Anisogramma anomala, the cause of eastern filbert blight (EFB) on European hazelnut, from diseased branches pruned from trees were measured. In each of two years, branches bearing stromata of A. anomala were cut in mid-December and compared to branches cut near budbreak in March,...
European hazelnut is a significant crop in the Pacific Northwest, and the US ranks
4th internationally for hazelnut production. Production in the Pacific Northwest is
threatened, however, by the disease eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by the fungus
Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. To meet the challenges faced by the...
To identify novel host genetic resistance to eastern filbert blight, caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller, ninety European hazelnut {Corylus avellana L.) varieties and interspecific hybrids (with C. americana Marsh, or C. colurna L.) were screened for response to the eastern filbert blight pathogen after inoculation in...
Revised April 2017.
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
European hazelnut, an important nut crop in Oregon agriculture, is threatened by the fungal disease eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. The hazelnut breeding program at OSU has been working on development of EFB-resistant cultivars. DNA markers allow mapping of traits using segregating progenies and...
The heritability of resistance to eastern filbert blight, caused by Anisogramma anomala, in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) was evaluated in the progeny of seven cultivars crossed in 12 combinations. Progeny produced by crossing 'VR6-28' with three susceptible cultivars segregated 1:1 for complete resistance to eastern filbert blight. Histograms of disease...
Published May 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Eastern filbert blight, caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller,
is a serious threat to hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) production. Resistant
cultivars offer the best control. Screening systems were needed to reliably
identify disease, particularly in immune progeny derived from 'Gasaway'. An
indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was developed using...
Using bulked segregant analysis, five RAPD markers were identified that were
linked in coupling to a gene conferring complete resistance to eastern filbert blight caused
by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Two
modified backcross populations were inoculated and scored for resistance to the pathogen
and...
Published August 1943. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Hazelnuts are produced in many countries, including the United States. Hazelnuts are grown on approximately 30,000 acres in the Willamette Valley, accounting for about 99 percent of U.S. production and 5 percent of world production. Turkey produces more than 70 percent of total world hazelnut production. Hazelnut species that occur...
The disease cycle for eastern filbert blight requires 2 or more years, including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no visible
symptoms can be detected. In the spring, spores are ejected forcibly (squirted) into the wind and rain. These spores then spread to
young, developing shoots. Infection occurs during...
Published March 1974. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an invasive insect pest, has established populations in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Halyomorpha halys is a potential pest of many specialty crops in the Willamette Valley, including hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.). The objectives of this study were to 1) characterize the...
Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E.
Miiller, is a devastating disease to orchards of the European hazelnut (Corylus
avellana L.) in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Host resistance is the most
desirable means of disease control. Fifty-eight hazelnut accessions, including
European cultivars and interspecific hybrids were evaluated...
This bulletin is one of a series on organic potato production developed by “OSPUD.” OSPUD is a collaboration among Oregon State University personnel and 11 farmers operating diversified organic vegetable farms. The purpose of OSPUD is to improve potato quality and profitability through a participatory learning process and on-farm, farmer-directed...
The primary objective of this research was to determine if native species within the genera Castilleja and Pedicularis are naturally infected by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) in whitebark pine ecosystems of the Oregon and Washington Cascade Range. Secondary objectives were to monitor the phenology of aecial and telial...
The Pacific Northwest has become one of the nation’s premier sweet cherry,
Prunus avium, production areas. As production of sweet cherries has flourished in
Oregon and Washington, so has powdery mildew, caused by the fungus
Podosphaera clandestina, which infects both foliage and fruit causing severe
economic damage to growers. Sweet...
This PowerPoint presentation contains selected images pertaining to Animal Damage Management in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Viewers are welcome to use this PowerPoint or any images contained therein. The material has been assembled during much of the author’s career, so proper attribution would be appreciated when...
This publication addresses the emergent issue in the Pacific Northwest of a potato infection called zebra chip disease, vectored by the potato psyllid. Includes information on the bacterium, the biology of the vector, description of damage from both vector and non-vector psyllids, and most current research on management.
This PowerPoint presentation contains selected images pertaining to Forest Pest Management in various regions of the United States. Viewers are welcome to use this PowerPoint or any images contained therein. The material has been assembled during much of the author’s career, so proper attribution would be appreciated when used. Simply...
Recent years have witnessed extensive destruction of forest growth,
particularly of pine, spruce, and chestnut, in portions of the United
States east of the Rocky Mountains. This injury has been very
generally attributed to insects, and there is evidence that certain
wood and bark-boring species have largely contributed to the...
Needlecast fungi were found on 95 percent of damage collections in a June survey of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) Christmas tree plantations in the Kalispell Basin western Montana. Western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii) and pine bark aphids (Pineus sp.) were present on 6.6 and 2.5 percent of collections, respectively. Cylcaneusma...
Insect damage was extensive to Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, western white pine, and western larch cones at most seed production areas surveyed in 1979. From 70 to 100 percent of the cones from several collecting periods were injured. Moderate damage (40-70 percent of cones injured) occurred to Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, western...
A permanent study was established in 1970 and 1971 to measure the impact, spread, and intensification of dwarf mistletoe on precommercially thinned Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine in Montana. Mean diameter growth on all plots was reduced 21 percent in Douglas-fir, but the reduction is only significant at the 0.15 level....
Potential problem pests found were Armillaria root disease, pocket gopher, western pine shoot borer, and white pine blister rust. Early detection of problem pests allows management actions to be taken if needed to prevent serious impacts. Unit managers should check the areas periodically and call on pest management specialists to...
Two methods attempting to stop marginal spread of a root disease center in Douglas-fir were evaluated within the Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana. The first method was to cut all living trees within a 1-chain strip outside the edge of the infestation. The second method was to uproot all trees for...
An impact survey to determine extent and distribution of root disease centers was completed for the Nezperce National Forest, Idaho, in 1980. Lowlevel
color infrared photography was used to delineate root disease centers
within National Forest inventory subcompartments. Suspected root disease
centers were ground checked to determine associated fungi and...
Numerous stands of western larch, Larix occidentalis, on the St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, and Kaniksu National Forests, Idaho, show signs of gradual deterioration following repeated defoliation by larch casebearer, Coleophora Zaricella Hbn. (Tunnock et al. 1969). Stand deterioration can occur after 4 years of continued heavy defoliation. The main symptom...
The Bureau of Entomology has been conducting systematic and economic
investigations of the weevils infesting the bark of the trunk and
terminal shoots of conifers in the United States, the results of which will be
published in the regular technical and popular bulletins ; but since these can not be...
Aerial and ground surveys to detect and evaluate forest insect and disease conditions in North Dakota were made during June 1977 by personnel from the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Management staff and the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. A forest tent caterpillar outbreak in the...
The mountain pine beetle infestation existing on the Crow Indian Reservation (IR) since the early 1970's, and later developing principally in the western portion of the Northern Cheyenne IR, continued into 1984. Survey results indicate the infestation is still building on both Reservations. To help develop beetle management strategies appropriate...
A granular controlled release formulation of 2 percent MCH was applied at 4.48 kg/ha to 76.9 ha of uninfested, windthrown Douglas-fir by helicopter with a modified aerial spreader of 1.12 m capacity in May 1982. Douglas-fir beetle population reduction was 96.4 percent by late June. With one exception, treated plots...
Six Montana areas in which permanent mountain pine beetle trend plots were established in 1979 were revisited in 1980. Results of the visit show infestation intensity decreased significantly in Centennial Valley, decreased slightly in the Madison River plot area, and increased almost threefold in the Murr Creek area. Beetle populations...
A rare outbreak of hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae Middleton, was detected in August in drainages near the Canadian border in Idaho infesting several thousand acres. Some stands of western hemlock and subalpine fir were severely defoliated. Understory Engelmann spruce trees were lightly defoliated. The sawfly overwinters in the egg stage...
The insects that invade a dying or dead tree are the immediate cause of death and the principle mediators of early stages of decomposition of the tree. These insects form a large and complex community, the species
components of which are restricted to particular habitats. A study of
the insect...
In spruce budworm damaged areas, height growth loss can be a major factor in stand development. This survey was confined to top-killed trees. Estimates on height growth loss or nontop-killed trees was not attempted. Although spruce did not have as high a percentage of trees top-killed as the true firs,...
Investigations were conducted to understand the epidemiology of Fusarium on containerized Douglas-fir seedlings. Types and importance of Fusarium inoculum sources, relationships between seedling infection and symptom production, amounts and types of diseases that occurred throughout typical growth cycles, and the importance of secondary pathogen spread were investigated. Levels of Fusarium...
Investigations were conducted to determine importance of Fusarium as a pathogen on Douglas-fir seed and containerized seedlings at the Plum Creek Nursery during 1985. Fusarium oxvsnorum was occasionally isolated from necrotic lesions on young germinants that lacked foliar symptoms. Low levels of F. oxvsnorum were detected on three of four...
Containerized western larch, Douglas-fir, grand fir, subalpine fir, and ponderosa pine seedlings which displayed disease symptoms were sampled for presence of Fusarium spp. Seedlings from 33 seedlots within the Northern Region were sampled. Major types of diseases included post-emergence damping-off, root disease (late damping-off), and cotyledon blight. Fusarium oxysporum was...
Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, F. acuminatum, and F. sambucinum obtained from peat-vermiculite soil mixes were tested for pathogenicity on ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, western larch, and blue spruce containerized seedlings and on germination of Scots pine and blue spruce seed. Ponderosa pine seedling were the least susceptible to killing by...
Investigations of containerized western white pine, western larch, and Douglas-fir seedlings at the Western Forest Systems Nursery in Lewiston, Idaho, revealed that many seedlings were colonized with Fusarium oxysporum although they lacked severe disease symptoms. White pine seedlings were also infected with Pythium spp., probably as a result of sowing...
Eighteen isolates of Fusarium comprising four species (F. oxysporum, E. avenaceum, E. acuminatum, and F. sambucinum) isolated from diseased conifer seedlings from nurseries were tested for pathogenicity on Douglas-fir germlings. Three of the most pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates on Douglas-fir germlings were also tested on ponderosa pine germlings and older...
An evaluation was made in 21 seed production areas and 1 seed orchard in Region 1 to identify the primary insect pests and to assess amount of injury caused. Cones from Douglas-fir, grand fir, western larch, lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, and western white pine were collected periodically and examined. The...
A mountain pine beetle outbreak developed on the north face of Shook Mountain in 1972. Beetle populations increased, and have continued at an epidemic level since 1973. Surveys show 404,798 ponderosa pine containing 12,173,940 bd. ft. volume of merchantable timber; and 20,875 lodgepole pine containing 730,625 bd. ft. volume of...
A major constraint to the production of self-rooted wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) in eastern Washington is plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant-parasitic nematodes can impact grape productivity by limiting water and nutrient uptake, educing physiological changes, and extracting plant nutrients from roots, thereby reducing root biomass, plant vigor, and yield. The most commonly...
In recent years, red raspberry production in Washington and British Columbia has been severely limited by a newly emerged virus complex that causes symptoms of crumbly fruit. The complex is comprised of three viruses: Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV) and Raspberry latent virus (RpLV). Both...
Mountain pine beetle populations increased in 1979 in the Thompson River drainage to levels predicted following the 1978 attack period. New attacks in 1979 averaged 27 per acre. Current estimates indicate another 25 percent of the remaining lodgepole pine could be killed in 1980.
The mountain pine beetle infestation on Bureau of Land Management lands in Centennial Valley has increased from about 500 acres in 1977 to more than 7,000 in 1979. Average number of trees per acre killed has more than quadrupled, increasing from 9.8 in 1977 to 47.8 in 1979. Predictions for...