Crops were grown at the experimental farms using accepted cultural practices within the limits of experimentation or trials were conducted on growers' field. Most experiments were designed as randomized complete blocks with two to five replications. Herbicide treatments were applied uniformly with equipment ranging from precision plot sprayers to quart...
Two blends (Natural and Phillips) of the western pine shoot borer pheromone, formulated as Hercon Luretape, were applied to six ponderosa pine plantations in northern Idaho and western Montana in 1984. The treatment was approximately 21.6 grams of pheromone per hectare. Significant reductions in damage have occurred in all treated...
Published February 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This report includes information concerning experimental use of unregistered pesticides or unregistered uses of pesticides. Experimental results should not be interpreted as recommendations for use. Use of unregistered materials or use of any registered pesticides inconsistent with its label is against both Federal Law and State Law.
A rare outbreak of hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae Middleton, was detected in August in drainages near the Canadian border in Idaho infesting several thousand acres. Some stands of western hemlock and subalpine fir were severely defoliated. Understory Engelmann spruce trees were lightly defoliated. The sawfly overwinters in the egg stage...
Two thousand and thirty-nine trees on 213 plots are being monitored yearly for
root disease infection and mortality. Three compartments on the Fernan Ranger
District of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests are the site of the project.
Relationships between factors such as species, aspect, slope, elevation,
habitat type, stand appearance...
A granular controlled release formulation of 2 percent MCH was applied at 4.48 kg/ha to 76.9 ha of uninfested, windthrown Douglas-fir by helicopter with a modified aerial spreader of 1.12 m capacity in May 1982. Douglas-fir beetle population reduction was 96.4 percent by late June. With one exception, treated plots...
No-till pasture renovation can increase the quality and forage yield of underproductive pastures. Decreased erosion, lower costs, and less lost grazing time are advantages of no-till renovation compared to conventional renovation. Unwanted vegetation is first controlled with herbicides to decrease competition for introduced orchardgrass. Two field trials were conducted using...
Published February 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
During 1984, a demonstration project was established on the Crow and Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservations to determine the effectiveness of basal area cutting in second-growth ponderosa pine stands to reduce losses to the mountain pine beetle. This project will help develop management strategies for susceptible stands in eastern Montana. Four...
Needlecast caused by Meria laricis caused serious losses of 2-0 bareroot western larch during 1983 at the USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Cool, wet weather throughout the spring and summer of 1983 was ideal for disease buildup and spread. Control attempts with fungicides were largely unsuccessful because of...
The cranberry girdler, Chrysoteuchia toparia Zeller, has caused increasing damage to tree seedlings in the Coeur d'Alene Nursery since 1980. Heaviest feeding has occurred on the tap roots of 2+0 Douglas-fir stock. By 1983, 8.2 percent of the seedlings examined in seedbeds were injured by this moth. A spray program...
An evaluation was conducted at the USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to quantify the occurrence of diseases in the spring 1984 crop of containerized Engelmann spruce seedlings. The crop included 19 separate seedlots from seven National Forests in the Northern Region. An overall production rate of 94.5 percent...
Containerized western larch, Douglas-fir, grand fir, subalpine fir, and ponderosa pine seedlings which displayed disease symptoms were sampled for presence of Fusarium spp. Seedlings from 33 seedlots within the Northern Region were sampled. Major types of diseases included post-emergence damping-off, root disease (late damping-off), and cotyledon blight. Fusarium oxysporum was...
Insects and diseases have the potential of seriously affecting timber associated resources on eastside forests within the foreseeable future. Within the past decade, lodgepole pine mortality attributed to the mountain pine beetle has totaled tens of millions of trees on the Gallatin and Beaverhead National Forests (NF) alone. In that...
An evaluation during the summer of 1985 showed that parasites were still exerting control on the larch casebearer on the Flathead NF. Parasitism ranged from 4 to 60 percent and averaged 25.2 percent in the 12 areas surveyed. Four species of parasites were involved. The most abundant was Agathis pumila...
The WAB granted me a travel grant of $500 to spend two weeks visiting Helmut Becker at Geisenheim, Germany; Norbert Becker in Freiburg, Germany; Pierre Huglin and Christophe Schneider at Colmar, France; Raymond Bernard and Pierre Dupuy in Dijon, France; and Alain Carbonneau at Bordeaux, France. A full and quite...
Methods used to establish permanent plots in precommercially thinned and unthinned stands to monitor root disease development are described. Plots were established in 22 Armillaria-infested stands in northern Idaho and western Montana. The proportion of trees dead and infected was significantly higher for planted than for natural regeneration at the...
This document contains a summary of changes in administrations and actions taken by the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission in 1984, as well as an update for the status of various fisheries.
Five seedlots of Colorado blue spruce and three seedlots of Black Hills spruce were sampled for Fusarium contamination. All seedlots contained some seed and/or debris with Fusarium. Levels of contamination were greatly reduced by treating seed with running water rinses for 48 hours or with chemical sterilants such as sodium...
In the interest of taking full advantage of a personal business trip to Frankfurt, West Germany to attend the 17th International Symposium for Grape Propagation, I offered to make contacts for the Wine Advisory Board. I was asked to focus and report on five topics of research interest to OSU...
This is a staff statement for a hearing of the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission. The document addresses problems associated with commercial clamming. Some commercial diggers were not selling harvests as required by law, were not properly reporting harvests, and were not paying State fees. Some commercial diggers were taking...
Mortality of containerized western white pine seedlings outplanted on the Bonners Ferry Ranger District, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, was probably due to extensive root infection by Fusarium oxysporum. Diseased seedlings had chlorotic foliage, needle tip dieback, and severe twisting of the needles that indicated wilting. Most root tips of diseased...
This report summarizes the results of our bay clam studies in 1985. Activities summarized include monitoring of the recreational and commercial clam fisheries, hatchery stock enhancement studies, natural recruitment studies, and miscellaneous other projects.
Published May 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
There is some debate over the effect of using deeply nested control structures upon programmer comprehension. In order to test the effect of deeply nested IF-THEN-ELSE statements, we split 148 computer science students of varing backgrounds into two groups. One group received a listing of a program that made excessive...
A survey of costs of various techniques to control bird damages to grapes will be conducted this fall by Oregon State University in a project funded by the Oregon Wine Advisory Board. Costs of equipment, materials, labor, maintenance and interest on loans will be compiled for a variety of control...
A Nyssa slit loam soil was bedded for potatoes. Furrow irrigation for 11 hours at four gallons per minute on a 2.5 percent slope resulted in 17.7 tons of soil lost per acre. Soil loss was reduced to 2.8 tons per acre by the use of 790 lbs/acre of wheat...
In 1984, Oregon State University's Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics was again asked to make a winegrape acreage survey in Oregon. Winegrape acreage is currently increasing dramatically and the Wine Advisory Board is interested in keeping track of these changes. In 1981 and 1982, the Department made surveys of...
Information is often incomplete in databases, and nulls are required to represent missing or unknown data; however, many difficulties occur with nulls. In his 1983 text, C. J . Date rejected outer join of relations with nulls mainly due to a perceived problem with functional dependencies (FDs): when nulls are...
The design of an experimental object-based programming language is discussed. The language is intended for investigating techniques for organization of programs.
Performance of a reliable storage subsystem for a centralized database system was studied by simulation. The reliable storage subsystem studied consists of three redundant disk units that are updated one at a time from a consistent database state to another consistent database state, Thus, even if a central processor and/or...
A method for implementing parameterized types is given. Two simplifying restrictions are assumed: types are only parameterized with other types, and assignment is like that of SNOBOL, CLU, and Smalltalk. An algorithm for type checking that handles parameterized types and overloading is presented .
This study examined the UNIX command abbreviation schemes preferred by expert and novice UNIX programmers. The two parts of the conducted experiment were: subjective rating of UNIX command abbreviations for each of the six abbreviation categories (acronym, combination, contraction, identity, synonym, and truncation); subjects suggested descriptive command names for UNDC...
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a lesser known field which has outgrown the bounds of statistics. It differs from ordinary, or “confirmatory”, data analysis. Originated by John Tukey, EDA aspires toward an open-ended meta-goal: to discover “all interesting” [nontrivial, normal form, valid] hypotheses about a domain that is represented by...
This monograph provides an introduction to the accounting and tax concepts of the forest products industry. It is intended for those unfamiliar with the industry who seek only a general orientation or desire an overview before delving into the detail of specific areas. Users would include bankers, investors, accountants, attorneys,...
The "style metric" of Berry and Meekings is purported to quantify the lucidity of software written in the C programming language. We used a modification of this metric to try and identify error-prone software. Our results indicate that this metric seems to bear little relationship to the density of errors...
Isolates of Botrytis cinerea from containerized conifer seedlings from two
nurseries in the Northern Rocky Mountains were exposed to the
dicarboximide fungicides vinclozolin and iprodione and the chlorinated
nitroaniline fungicide dicloran to evaluate occurrence and characteristics
of resistant strains. The isolates were grown on test media prepared by
incorporating the...
Published June 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Razor clams from Clatsop Beach (Tillamook Head to the Columbia River) were sampled regularly from March through September and periodically the remainder of the year. Sport and commercial diggers were interviewed to obtain data on number, age composition of clams dug, and harvest area. Data from other beaches south of...
Published June 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
From July, 1982 to August, 1983 I had the privilege of serving an internship
as an oceanographer at the National Marine Fisheries Service Beaufort
Laboratory. During the period of my appointment I assisted in a preliminary
assessment of the potential fishery impacts of ocean thermal energy conversion
(OTEC) power plants....
This report is a summary of my internship experience during
the summer of 1984. From June, 1984 through September, 1984, I
worked as a Graduate Intern II for the Alaska Department of Commerce
and Economic Development (ADCED) in Juneau, Alaska. Specifically,
I was associated with the Office of Commercial Fisheries...
Published August 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised 1976 and 1985. Reprinted July 1987. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog