The objectives of this study include: (1) analysis of Chamaecyparis
lawsoniana, C. taiwanensis, and C. formosensis forests including
the structure, composition, and dynamics of plant communities and
their environmental relationships; and (2) comparison of the temperate
Chamaecyparis forests of Taiwan and the Pacific Northwest with emphasis
on structural and successional...
Inoculations of white fir, Shasta red fir, Douglas fir and
ponderosa pine with Pisolithus tinctorius spores when outplanted
failed to produce P. tinctorius mycorrhizae at the end of the first
growing season. In the third year a few P. tinctorius mycorrhizae
were formed on white fir. Inoculations reduced seedling survival...
The selection of planting stock is a critical step in the reforestation
planning process. In addition to selecting the proper seed source
and species for the planting site, consideration must be made for the
type of planting stock which will be used. The survival and growth
potential of various classes...
Basidiospores of Rhizopogon viriicolor Smith and R. colossus
Smith were inoculated onto container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga
menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings and grown under two levels of
soluble fertilizer and one level of slow-release fertilizer. Both
fungi formed abundant (54%) ectomycorrhizae under the soluble
fertilizer regimes. Slow-release fertilizer greatly reduced percent
ectomycorrhizae...
This publication reports the results of a preliminary survey listing 527 forest-tree plantations in the western United States and Canada. Of these, 250 involve families of known parentage, 131 provenance-test
material, 87 clonal material, and 59 interspecific hybrids. The report is intended (1) to serve forest researchers in locating genetic...
The objectives of this study were to establish a suitable method
for the measurement of the root cation-exchange capacity of conifer
seedlings, and to examine possible influences of this root characteristic
on nutrient absorption from a Bellpine soil under greenhouse
conditions.
The exchange sites of fresh, excised roots were saturated...
Pseudotsuga menziesii dominates the forests of the Pacific Northwest.
But though it is dominat, Tsuaa heteroohylla or Abies amabilis
is usually climax. Many researchers have studied Pseudotsuga on the
widespread mesic sites where it is seral, but few have examined the
relatively rare ecosystems in which Pseudotsuga or its associate...
It’s little wonder that people are confused by tree names. Foresters
and lay people often name a tree based on its physical appearance, the
wood products industry may call the tree by another name based on the
characteristics of the wood, and botanists name a tree based on its
anatomical...
Xylem conducting tissue or sapwood is an important storage organ
for water, carbohydrates, and nutrients, and this storage helps trees
accommodate environmental change. However, the living ray parenchyma
cells in sapwood, which store the carbohydrates and nutrients,
require energy for maintenance. I examined how sapwood maintenance
costs vary among species,...
"We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), as well as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), noble fir (Abies...
This proposal by the Coniferous Forest Biome investigators requests support
for the third and fourth years of a highly integrated series of investigations
within the Ecosystem Analysis program of the United States effort under the
International Biological Program. The program for the Coniferous Forest Biome
has been approved by the...
The behavior of coniferous trees subjected to wind loading was investigated through a series of experiments and also through simulation modeling. Previous studies that measured the natural oscillation frequencies and damping ratios were reviewed and equations were developed for predicting the natural frequency of a tree from the ratio of...
Many mycorrhizosphere microorganisms can produce
plant growth regulating compounds in vitro. Plant growth
regulating compounds are known to mediate root growth and
development. In reforestation practices, conifer tree
seedling growth and survival are linked to rapid root
growth and development after outplanting. Multifactorial
experiments were conducted to document variations in...
Remote sensing offers the potential for monitoring photosynthesis over large temporal and spatial scales. The purpose of this thesis is to provide information that
will help to develop methods to predict photosynthesis from the light reflected by
canopies. The studies focused on a simple model of canopy photosynthetic potential:
Acanopy...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacteriwn rhizogenes, the causal agents of crown gall disease and hairy root disease, are known for their ability to transfer part of their
DNA (the T-DNA) from the bacterial tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid to the genome of the
host plant. Interest has focused on these bacteria because they...
An apparatus was designed to permit freezing tests of
needles and other tissue parts from coniferous trees under
controlled rates of temperature change with time. The design
is based on the principle of a balanced system of refrigeration
demand and heat input to achieve a steady temperature state.
The apparatus...
Armillaria (Fr. ex. Fr.) is a parasite whose pathogenicity
and role in forest ecosystems often depends upon the
physiological condition of the tree. Therefore, I tested the
frequency and severity of Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink
infection among Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl., Larix
occidentalis Nutt., Pinus contorta var. latifolia (Engelm.),
Pinus...
This study evaluated the effect of soil compaction on the growth
of natural regeneration on volcanic ash-influenced soils in the
southern Washington Cascades. Growth of 9 to 18 year-old sapling-.
sized Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) was studied on sites
ranging from 915 to 1006 m elevation in an area...
Data collected from permanent sample plots at medium and high elevations in Oregon's coastal forest clearly indicate that snow damage adversely influences stand development. Sapling stands of western hemlock and Douglas-fir were subjected to severe snow damage above 1,000 feet in the early parts of 1965 and 1966 and above...
This study was started in 1947 to investigate the value of various types and quantities of seed source in the establishment of reproduction on cutover land, and to determine the apparent effects of various man-made and natural factors upon the rate of restocking. The man-made and natural factors to be...
The purpose of this bulletin is to show how woods should be graded in order that they may be given uniform results when subjected to treatment with preservatives; it is intended for those interested in wood preservation.
Discusses options for managing major insect pests and diseases of conifers in Oregon forests: bark beetles, wood borers, and ambrosia beetles; defoliators; aphids, adelgids, and scale insects; terminal and branch insects and pitch moths; root diseases; stem decays; foliage diseases; canker diseases and canker-causing rust diseases; and mistletoes. Extensive references...
This thesis presents methods for obtaining asymptotically efficient and consistent parameters and variance estimates for simultaneous equations in a forest growth modelling context. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR), Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Three- Stage Least Squares (3SLS) are presented for linear models. The variables, model types...
An analysis of lumber prices provided regressions for price trends during the period 1971-95 for composite lumber grades of major timber species found in the Pacific Northwest west of the crest of the Cascade Range. The analysis included data for coastal Douglas-fir and hem-fir lumber; coastal and inland Pacific Northwest...
Fungal pathogens tend to accumulate within styroblock containers, which are reused to produce successive crops of container-grown seedlings. Most nurseries treat reused containers by immersing them in hot water for varying time periods. The efficacy of radio frequency waves (RFs) to reduce levels of selected groups of fungi within styroblock...
Three hundred fifty Leach pine cells used to grow containerized conifer seedlings at the USDA Forest Service Nursery in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, were sampled for Fusarium and Trichoderma colonization. Cells were either sampled prior to or after cleaning. Cleaning reduced Fusarium colonization from 86 percent of the cells to about...
Isolates of Botrytis cinerea from containerized conifer seedlings from two
nurseries in the Northern Rocky Mountains were exposed to the
dicarboximide fungicides vinclozolin and iprodione and the chlorinated
nitroaniline fungicide dicloran to evaluate occurrence and characteristics
of resistant strains. The isolates were grown on test media prepared by
incorporating the...
Diseased conifer nursery stock, including Douglas-fir, western larch, and Engelmann spruce, was selected from the U.S. Forest Service nursery at Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to determine (1) the most probable cause of disease, (2) the fate of outplanted diseased stock, and (3) the height growth of outplanted diseased seedlings. Fusarium spp....
Investigations of containerized conifer seedling root diseases at the Champion Timberlands Nursery revealed that Fusarium oxysporum was most commonly isolated from seed, seedling roots, and styroblock containers. Amount of seed infection varied widely among the seedlots tested, but was usually below 5 percent. Runningwater rinses did not reduce amounts of...
The ability of controlled livestock grazing, in
combination with seeding of palatable forages, to reduce
understory competition and enhance conifer
establishment, was evaluated during 1985 and 1986, on
two adjacent sites in southwestern Oregon. In 1984,
Site 1 was clearcut and broadcast burned to remove
slash, and Site 2 was...
The root disease fungus Inonotus tomentosus, common in the old
growth boreal forests of British Columbia, poses a threat to the
health of second growth forests established on sites with a previous
history of root disease. Colonized stumps occur in groups of 1 to 6;
the groups are clumped within...
Successful reforestation of your harvested timberland is more than just
planting a few trees and hoping they will grow. To ensure success,
you first must answer several key questions:
• What species should I plant?
• What kind of seedlings should I select?
• How can I tell whether their...
Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized by distinct patch conditions of closed-canopy tree clusters, persistent gaps and shrub thickets. This heterogeneous spatial structure provides contrasting microclimate, habitat and resource conditions...