Lipids, especially phospholipids, are very common
but important molecules found in cells and animal
tissue, performing many biological functions, particularly
in membranes. Lipids, when mixed with water,
spontaneously form ordered systems, such as micelles,
vesicles and multibilayers. The size of these systems
and their degree of ordering depend on the...
Small amounts of carbon from glucose and leucine added at natural
concentrations to seawater were biologically transformed to higher
molecular weight (MW) dissolved materials which persisted through six
months of incubation. These materials were resistant to biological
utilization: only 1 to 17% of the higher MW carbon was respired when...
The characteristic of the subthreshold current in a
GaAs MESFET exhibits a negative exponential function with
Vgs. After studying the behavior of this current in this
region over a range of temperature and drain bias voltages,
a subthreshold current model was developed. The model was
implemented in a circuit simulation...
A circuit topology for high-swing, high-linearity
CMOS operational amplifiers has been developed. The
technique uses parallel-connected p- and n-channel
input pairs to realize an input common-mode voltage
range nearly equal to the total power supply voltage.
High linearity is achieved by summing the DC bias and
AC small-signal currents so...
The core area of a conventional CMOS digital gate
array consists of only one size of NMOS device and one
size of PMOS device. Both primitives have fixed minimum
channel lengths, and this has significantly impeded analog
applications. This work has shown that by forming series
and parallel interconnections between...
A high-swing, high-linearity Class-AB CMOS
operational amplifier suitable for high speed
application is presented. It does not exhibit large-signal
slewing effects as do others; its output current
is limited by MOSFET aspect ratios and the total power
supply voltage. A rail-to-rail common-mode input range
is achieved by a topology which...
A frequency compensation technique for increasing the
settling speed of two-stage operational amplifiers used in
switched-capacitor applications has been developed. By
properly decompressing the pole-zero doublet to form a
three-pole one zero system, the settling speed is increased
up to 50 percent as compared to the optimized two-pole
system.
The output characteristics of a conventional GaAs depletion-mode MESFET device have been investigated. One of the important parameters of the small-signal GaAs MESFET model, g[subscript ds] (output conductance), is shown to be frequency and temperature dependent. Variations in g[subscript ds] are a serious problem in many analog and digital circuits...