This study explores how environmental governance mechanisms affect state management of forest roads to address the chronic delivery of sediment to streams in Oregon, Washington, and California on private and state forestlands. Forest roads can degrade water quality and harm aquatic life when runoff mobilizes fine sediments from the road...
This study addresses the question: "What are the incentives and disincentives for conflict prevention and mitigation in the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), and how do they factor into Reclamation's management of water in the western United States?" Incentives and disincentives for conflict prevention (i.e., actions taken to avoid conflict) and...
Tribal water rights and instream flows for species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) have been a source of tensions in the western United States, particularly when tribes have undetermined water rights to support tribal fisheries listed under the ESA. Understanding the mechanics of past tribal settlements and their...
Mountain pine beetle populations began building in the Kootenai National Forest in 1972. Infestations now encompass an estimated 48,599 acres of lodgepole pine type and 615 acres of ponderosa pine type. Approximately 25 percent of the high-risk stands, 17 percent of the moderate-risk, and less than 1 percent of the...
A root disease evaluation was completed for the Ducharme logging unit near the southeast corner of Flathead Lake. Extensive root disease was found on Douglas-fir throughout the unit. The major pathogen on the site was Armillaria meilea. Black stain (Verticicladiella sp.) was isolated from one tree which was also infected...
Mortality of containerized western white pine seedlings outplanted on the Bonners Ferry Ranger District, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, was probably due to extensive root infection by Fusarium oxysporum. Diseased seedlings had chlorotic foliage, needle tip dieback, and severe twisting of the needles that indicated wilting. Most root tips of diseased...
Western spruce budworm defoliated area in the Northern Region has differed significantly across three discrete geographic zones during the past decade. Aerially visible defoliation in northern Idaho increased from 1.7 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.2 million acres in 1974, and declined to none in 1979. Defoliated...