Previous studies have utilized different techniques (e.g., contingent valuation and travel cost methods) to understand users and non-users willingness to pay for natural resources, including their use of recreation areas. These techniques enable the calculation of public support, demand, and potential revenue that may influence future policy, conservation methods, land...
Black Rockfish are important commercial and recreational species and understanding their biology is useful in developing best management practices. A common means to assess diet in both freshwater and marine fishes is stomach content analysis, which can determine diet composition and infer foraging behaviors. We conducted a stomach content analysis...
Wild horse and burro management has been a controversial topic over the past several decades, since the passing of the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burro Act of 1971, as federal land management agencies attempt to manage wild horses and burros in a way that supports natural ecological balance. In...
This paper seeks to assess the merits of “Vote With Your Dollar” (VWYD) strategies for consumer and investor activism as a model for changing corporate behavior. A novel framework was constructed to group VWYD strategies and campaigns under shared attributes. To assess one such group, the boycott, the research gathered...
Nonnegative matrices have a myriad of applications in the biological, social, and physical genres. Of particular importance are the primitive matrices. A nonnegative matrix, M, is primitive exactly when there is a positive integer, k, such that M[superscript k] has only positive entries; that is, all the entries in M[superscript...
A major constraint to the production of self-rooted wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) in eastern Washington is plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant-parasitic nematodes can impact grape productivity by limiting water and nutrient uptake, educing physiological changes, and extracting plant nutrients from roots, thereby reducing root biomass, plant vigor, and yield. The most commonly...
On top of time demanding athletic and academic constraints, Division I student-athletes must balance many social identities, that include their race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, social class, religious affiliation, etc. This study attempts to fill the gap by providing student-athletes with marginalized identities a platform to (1) offer their own...
With the emergence of big data and the Open Data Movement, and the wide availability to the public of large databases, Data Literacy is a necessary learning goal for students. Understanding the data process in its entirety is now a vital skillset required across industry, government, and scientific disciplines. The...