The benefits of physical activity (PA) are well established (USDDHS, 2008). Concern over the high rate of childhood obesity, however, has highlighted the emphasis of PA. Yet, children and adolescents are not obtaining the recommended amount of PA (CDC, 2011). Physical education (PE) has been recognized as an important source...
Methods to improve the efficacy of swine barley rations were
evaluated. A literature review pertaining to the subject, three feeding
trials involving 104 swine, and a laboratory investigation were
used in the study.
The effects of pelleting with a new modified pellet die that
produces a dense pellet; supplementation with...
High early strength (HES) concrete is becoming increasingly used to repair damaged concrete pavement sections. The use of HES concrete enables the repaired pavement to be opened to traffic within hours of placing the concrete. A common approach used for the rapid repair of concrete pavement consists of closing a...
The objective of this study was to compile, validate, and map minimum and maximum mean monthly temperature and temperature ranges for periods of 10 to 14 months between July 2009 and June 2012, measured using 16 to 182 sensors distributed over the HJ Andrews Forest, a mountain landscape of 64...
Published 1911. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
A model is presented for the horizontal and vertical diffusion of sand tracer particles by waves and is verified using a reanalysis of the experiments of Miller and Komar (1979, ). In the model, sand particles take random jumps at a rate associated with the wave period but also can...
One of the most economically important genes in squash (Cucurbita spp.) is the B gene which conditions precocious depletion of chlorophyll in preanthesis fruit. The B genes are found naturally occurring in at least three of the five domesticated species of Cucurbita, including C. pepo, C. maxima and, most recently...
The field of toxicology is challenged with a vast number of environmental chemicals and mixtures to which humans and ecosystems are exposed with limited toxicity data available. Chemical hazard assessment traditionally utilizes mammalian models and can be both cost- and time-limiting and may pose ethical concerns. To rapidly tackle this...
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of baking to reduce bacterial populations (an unknown contaminant or Salmonella) in cookie dough. Baking conditions (time and temperature parameters) were selected based on conditions commonly used in industry. The first study (Chapter 2), “Baking as Validation for Control of Coliform Counts in...
By identifying the relationships between abundance and metabolic activity in a bacterial community, we advance our knowledge of the marine carbon cycle. In the present study, our goal was to examine the role of protist grazing on the metabolic activity of γ- Proteobacteria in the upwelling system off the Oregon...
By identifying the relationships between abundance and metabolic activity in a bacterial community, we advance our knowledge of the marine carbon cycle. In the present study, our goal was to examine the role of protist grazing on the metabolic activity of γ- Proteobacteria in the upwelling system off the Oregon...
Manual beach seining is a widespread and popular fishing gear in Mozambique, targeting small pelagics and demersals and supplying exclusively national markets. The fishery provides employment for half of all marine artisanal fishermen in the country, and lands a significant proportion of total catch from the artisanal sector. The fishery...
Recent literature on trade in fisheries products and in factors of production for fishing can be used to ask when it might be welfare increasing to encourage government financial transfers (GFTs) in the fisheries. Using numerical techniques and assuming a small open one factor 2 good economy with production inefficiencies...
Small hairline cracks called checks in the decorative face veneer of hardwood plywood are a costly problem for the hardwood plywood industry. Hardwood plywood describes any plywood sheet with a hardwood face veneer glued onto a core substrate. Checks form due to differential shrinkage stresses. Not all hardwood plywood panels...
A fossil-calibrated phylogenetic framework based on exemplars from each of the four taxonomic sections within Pinus was created using multiple nuclear and chloroplast loci. Calibration at the well-defined subgeneric split within Pinus with either fossil leaves and cones (ca. 45 million years ago) or fossil wood (ca. 85 million years...
Data from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (nrITS) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) have failed to resolve phylogenetic relationships in Pinus. To provide greater interspecific resolution, five low-copy nuclear genes were developed from mapped conifer anchor loci. Four genes were sequenced from species representing all Pinus subsections. Individual loci do...
Ovarian steroidogenesis is heavily controlled by the formation and function of the theca cells. A condition known as polycystic ovarian disease in humans and cystic ovarian disease in cattle is due to abnormal steroidogenesis. Knowing more about theca cell formation and function can aid in gaining further knowledge about polycystic...
Eight male college students served as subjects in an investigation
to establish a procedural model for research of individual motor
units during sustained isometric contractions. Teca TE-4 electromyograph
system with needle electrode provided electrical potential
recordings from active muscle fibers in the right biceps. Various
experimental procedures were tested to...
Italian ryegrass populations have been identified with evolved resistance to glyphosate in orchards with a history of glyphosate use. Two of these populations were selected to investigate the inheritance of glyphosate resistance. The mechanisms involved in the herbicide resistance were an altered target site for the population SF and reduced...
An interlaboratory study of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in three commercially available carbonate reference
materials (BAM RS3, CMSI 1767, and ECRM 752-1) was performed with the participation of
25 laboratories that determine foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios worldwide. These reference materials containing
Mg/Ca in the range of foraminiferal calcite (0.8 mmol/mol to...
Kincaid's lupine (Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii [Smith] Phillips) is a federally listed Threatened plant of Willamette Valley prairies. Both low reproduction, due to seed coat dormancy, and competition from invasive plants may threaten the longterm viability of this species. In separate studies, I investigated seed germination and an invasive species...
Wave dispersion and fracture are phenomena that involve. mechanisms triggered at the scale of a material's internal structure. Experiments were performed with a candidate material to judge the hypothesis that wave dispersion measurements can be used to nondestructively predict fracture strength. Wood-based particleboard was chosen as the candidate material because...
Substrate and inhibitor specificities have been used to classify
esterases. The purpose of this work was to determine the substrate
and inhibitor specificities of the esterases in an aquous extract of
lyophilyzed carrots.
Esterase activity was determined manometrically at 37°C. The
optimum pH of the carrot esterases with several substrates...
Stream systems in the Pacific Northwest have come to be understood in the absence of beaver (Castor canadensis). To understand the effect of beaver upon riparian plant communities, four basins in the lower Alsea drainage were examined to determine the effect of beaver and their impoundments on streamside herbaceous/shrub and...
Over the last 50 years, riparian zones in the semi-arid West have gained recognition as disproportionately important habitats for both breeding bird communities and agricultural operations. Despite growing interest in exploring avian-habitat relationships in these systems to better inform land management, few studies have attempted to describe temporal changes in...
Seventy-two species of Blennocampinae in 21 genera and six tribes
are known from the Nearctic region. The adults and known larvae of
all species and genera are keyed, described and illistrated. A
definition of the subfamily, a review of previous work, a table of
host-plant associations, and a discussion of...
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is a widespread exotic weed in the Intermountain sagebrush steppe. An annual grass, it is highly prolific and very competitive with native perennial grass seedlings. A clipping experiment carried out at two cheatgrass-dominated sites (Lincoln Bench and Succor Creek) in eastern Oregon analyzed effects of defoliation...
With current nonlinear analysis computer capabilities, this
study was conducted to develop a linkage element that permits
analyses of wood composite structures taking into account possible
slip in the nailed joints. The finite elements chosen to represent the wood stud, plywood, gypsum and nails are described. The
method as applied...
While exercise can be prescribed for improving cardiovascular and muscle health, no prescription exists for increasing bone mass. Because bone deformation rate has been identified as an important variable related to osteogenesis, estimates of skeletal loading during human activities likely characterize the associated osteogenic stimulus. However, estimates of body segment...
In ecological restoration, species that are sown to increase the native plant
diversity range in establishment ability. Some species readily establish, while others
rarely do. This study set out to investigate some of the potential processes influencing
species establishment, as well as the traits that are associated with the success...
The influence of overstory openness on the reproductive
ecology of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt.) was
investigated on 4 sites in western Oregon over 2 years. The
breeding system of T. brevifolia was found to deviate from
pure dioecy under a broad range of canopy and site
conditions. Production of...
This study examined time spent in various activities by
farm women. Emphasis was placed on household work time and
how time is apportioned among various household work
activities. Time use of farm women was compared to rural
nonfarm women and urban women. Data were from An
Interstate Comparison of Urban/Rural...
Many children with developmental disabilities are not engaging in the recommended amount of daily physical activity (Pan, 2008; Shields, Dodd, & Abblitt, 2009; Whitt-Glover et al., 2006), which can lead to additional health disparities and decreased quality of life for children in this population (Field & Jette, 2007). The relationship...
My internship was conducted with the Native Seed Network program within the Institute for Applied Ecology, a non-profit organization located in Corvallis, whose focus is education, applied research and active restoration and of native ecosystems. My internship goals were to increase my experience in applied restoration ecology and conservation biology...
This thesis presents a matrix analysis of structures
with semirigid connections. The stiffness factor of a
connection has been assumed to be a constant as represented
by the initial relationship of moment versus
rotation. Three cases are considered: Case I - structures
with semirigid connections, column width and beam
depth...
The interference of sulfide with the colorimetric determination of
nitrite, by the method of Bendschneider and Robinson (1952), can be
eliminated by passing the samples through a cationic exchange resin,
Dowex 50W-X8, in the zinc form. This resin retains sulfide without
affecting nitrite and the technique can be applied to...
This study examined children's memory for traditional and nontraditional
parental behaviors displayed in story content. Subjects
were 40 male and 40 female preschool children between the ages of 47
and 60 months. Children were read a story portraying a mother and a
father as the main characters. Each character performed...
PCR-based codon-specific random mutagenesis and site-specific mutagenesis were performed to construct a library of 18 amino acid changes at Arg276 in the conserved leucine-loop of the core catalytic domain of human uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG). Each Arg276 mutant was then overproduced in E. coli cells and purified to apparent homogeneity by...
This study compared wives defined as underemployed by educational
mismatch with not underemployed wives on four major predictor variables--
relative market work advantage; degree of competition in the
female labor market; time demands from family members; and assistance
with childcare and other housework. The data were from NE 113, An...
Astragalus oniciformis Barneby is a xerophyte of the sagebrush deserts of central Idaho. It is a narrow endemic of the upper Snake River Plains where it inhabits stabilized, aeolian sand deposits over Quaternary basalt flows. The objective of this study was to determine the levels and distribution of genetic differentiation...
Uses of travel time and mode of transportation in selected two-parent,
two-child Oregon households was researched in this study.
The relationship between a number of demographic characteristics
and amounts of travel time as well as mode of transportation was
also examined.
The study used the Oregon data from the Northeast...
A strain of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae
pv. phaseolicola, a pathogen of common bean Phaseolus vulgaris,
harbors a 150 kilobase pair (kb) plasmid pMC7105. In one strain,
LR719, pMC7105 is stably integrated in the bacterial chromosome.
Imprecise excision of the pMC7105 replicon has been shown to result
in the...
For gender-related information, previous studies have shown that children of
preschool age are more likely to remember schema-consistent information
over schema-inconsistent information. In this study, an attempt was made to
boost children's recognition for inconsistent information. In order to do this,
children were presented with pictures of both gender-consistent and...
A computer program called SAPWOOD which possesses the
capability of performing linear or nonlinear, static or
dynamic response including seismic excitation for wood-framed
buildings with semirigid connection systems is
presented in this study. Program SAPWOOD is a modification
of the program NONSAP by adding new elements such as a
linkage...
This study examined the effects of stage of preoperational thought, sex and mode of exploration on preschoolers ability to represent a small-scale model configuration of objects. Forty-eight subjects between the ages of 2 years, 5 months and 5 years, 4 months were classed in spatial conceptualization as either Stage I...
This study examined graduate international students'
knowledge, attitudes, experiences, practices, and
satisfaction relating to credit cards. Based on the
literature, international students attending U.S. colleges
and universities were considered an important population to
study because of: (1) internationalization of credit cards
and (2) the lack of credit card research on...
The present experiment examined children's memory for stereotypic
and non-stereotypic sex role content in their reading material.
Twenty-four male and twenty-four female fifth grade subjects read
two short stories, each depicting a male and female character who
exhibited an equal number of masculine and feminine traits and
behaviors. Results of...
Throughout the world, weather-related and other natural phenomena claim thousands of lives and devour billions of dollars annually in recovery efforts. Destruction of life and property in the wake of disasters is devastating, and can have a dramatic impact on families and businesses around the globe. Yet, published works specifically...
I have developed an analytical method for the determination of
molecular hydrogen in seawater. It is based on the change of hydrogen
concentration in a 30 cc. volume of air as it is equilibrated with a
one-liter sample of seawater. The change in hydrogen concentration in
the air is measured...
Monocrotaline (MCT) is a member of a class of naturally occurring
phytotoxins known as pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Exposure to PAs can result
in liver and cardiopulmonary lesions as well as lymphoid organ atrophy. In the
present study C57BI/6 (B6) mice received MCT (0-150 mg/kg/day, po) for 14
days. Overt toxicity...
Approximately 600,000 individuals will be eventually released from the prison system and millions will be released from jails across the United States each year (Mukamal et al., 2015). Some of these individuals will make their way to a local community college to make a better life for themselves. There is...
The experimental measurements of the decay heat from
the products of the thermal fission of U-235 have been compared
with the OSU-proposed decay heat standard. These experiments
are intended to verify the decay heat calculational
methods and nuclear data files. The comparisons have
included the previous experiments reviewed by Perry...
The term "interaction" in evolutionary biology and ecology
describes the relationships among variables in two classes of causal
models. In the first, "interaction" refers to the influence of a
single putatively causal variable on a variable of interest. In the
second class of models, the term applies when a third...
Exposure to TCDD suppresses the generation of immune responses through unknown mechanisms. Interestingly, TCDD enhances inflammatory responses to various stimuli. The goal of the studies presented in this thesis was to examine the role of hyperinflammation in TCDD-induced immunotoxicity. Previously we observed an increase in Mac-1⁺ cells in the spleen...
The nonlinear response of a ten-story steel structure with semirigid
girder connections is studied under conditions of dynamic loading.
The dynamic loading used in this study is the North-South component
of the May 18, 1940 El Centro, California earthquake. To deal
with the complexity of the problem the structure is...
The immune system has been identified as a very sensitive target for the toxic effects of 2,3,7,S-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Exposure to TCDD has been shown to disrupt the generation of both cell-mediated and humoral T cell-dependent immunity in laboratory animals; however, the mechanism remains unknown. In this dissertation, the hypothesis is...
Interventions for young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) focus on core impairments in social communication skills, yet studies have shown a relationship between social and motor skill deficits in children with ASD. The purpose of this study is to further examine individual levels of gross and fine motor skills...
A recent review of nuclear reactor emergency core
cooling systems has required renewed investigations into
the present knowledge of experiments which have measured
after-heat. Of special interest are some experiments which
were performed after Shure's 1961 evaluation, upon which
the American Nuclear Society (ANS) recommended after-heat
curves are based.
Experiments...
There are two primary methods of determining the decay
heat generated after the shutdown of a nuclear reactor. One
of these methods is integral experimental measurement of
decay heat from the products of thermal-neutron fission of
235
U. The other method is a summation calculation (computer
codes) based on nuclear...
This study sought to determine the contributions of college students'
perceptions of family of origin health and self-esteem to their perceptions of the
divorced single mother. It was hypothesized that individuals who hold more positive
views of their family of origin health will also view themselves and, consequently, the
divorced...
Manganese has been known to be essential for photosynthesis
for almost 30 years. Subsequent experimentation
indicated a definite function for manganese in oxygen evolution.
However, the mode of action of manganese and
further localization of its site of action have not been
determined.
Ten years ago it was demonstrated that...
Three DCMU resistant mutants of the green alga Scenedesmus
obliquus D₃ are characterized. The mutants exhibit a ten fold
greater resistance to DCMU than the wild type strain; this is
comparable to the level of DCMU resistance detected in other
DCMU resistant algae. In whole cell reactions, as well as...
The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential value of using a computer simulated systems dynamics model to address psychosis in mental illness. Psychosis is defined as a syndrome which is associated with many mental disorders, not a specific disorder itself. Psychosis generally produces delusions and hallucinations and...
Thirty households were randomly selected to examine intra-household gender differentials in work roles and distribution of resources, between adult men and women, and boys and girls. Work related activities were assessed by time used in agricultural work, household work, and income generating work. Distribution of resources was assessed by expenses...
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the experiences nurse educators (NEs) have had with oppression and to uncover how their experiences may have impacted their teaching. This study was significant as nurse retention is negatively affected by oppressed group behaviors (Duchscher & Myrick, 2008; Tinsley & France,...
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology currently affecting nearly 44 million individuals worldwide, yet there are not currently any effective treatments or preventions for AD despite the rapid development in our understanding of the disease over the last four decades. The medical and sanitary innovations of the last century...
Assembly planning is a crucial task for every manufacturing product. In general, assembly operations consume more than 30% of the total manufacturing time and cost. Therefore, any effort in optimizing assembly will have a significant impact on the economic success of manufacturing. Finding an optimal assembly plan by hand is...
To address several challenges faced in healthcare, the Triple Aim (3A) was targeted by institutions to improve health outcomes and patient experience while reducing the costs of health. Process improvement techniques in manufacturing, such as Lean systems, were applied as tools to achieve the 3A framework. Unfortunately, the high level...
The magnitude of the effect on decay heat of neutron
capture by fission products for hypothesized "worst case"
irradiations was examined. This effect is shown to be
small (less than 2 percent) for times less than 1,000
seconds and a simple model is presented for estimating
the magnitude of the...
This qualitative study examines how FIESTAS (Family Involved in Education, Sociocultural Teaching and STEM) partners (comprised of out-of-school time (OST) educators, university student STEM instructors, and local business representatives) came together to facilitate a local STEM Club located in two dual-immersion elementary schools in the Pacific Northwest. The study addresses...
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used in ecosystem-based management (EBM) to increase the abundance and biomass of targeted species and protect their ecosystems by restricting certain human activities. Marine reserves (i.e. no-take MPAs) aim to achieve this by prohibiting harvest in the area. While MPAs are currently evaluated through assessments...
A mathematical model is developed for the analysis of circular
cell bulkheads subjected to gravity loads of cell fill, backfill, lateral
pressure, and surcharge load using the finite element method. The
finite element circular cell model consists of axisymmetric triangular
and/or quadrilateral ring elements for soil and cylindrical shell elements...
The extent of agricultural drainage has created concern for its potential undesirable effects on surface water quality. Land applications of liquid manure on tile drain fields have the potential to transport solutes and bacteria to the drains following precipitation or irrigation events and many times are directly sent to a...
A need has existed for an in-depth structural analysis of penstock
bifurcations because they form an integral part of hydroelectric
power plants. Their geometrical complexity has prevented classical
structural analysis from providing an accurate and overall picture of
the stresses in the structure.
Digital computers and the development of finite...
In the face of a disruptive event or prolonged period of stress, resilient performance ischaracterized by preventative measures, effective response, and the integration of lessonslearned. In healthcare, resilience significantly affects patient safety. However, currentguidelines for healthcare performance assessment, such as the Triple Aim, do notconsider physician satisfaction and preventative measures...
Electrophoretic karyotypes were obtained from intact cells of four wild
type strains of Tilletia caries and T. controversa, and 5 inter specific hybrid
progeny using clamped homogeneous electric field, pulsed field gel
electrophoresis (CHEF PFGE). Each karyotype was polymorphic and unique
relative to the other strains. However, the relative size...
Change initiatives have a 70 percent failure rate, but effective change is necessary if a company is to remain competitive. Current organizational change research around lean process improvement links unsatisfactory implementation results to organizational behaviors, but does not assess how individual cognitive characteristics affect successful lean implementation. Although a range...
During catalysis the flavoprotein domain of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) shuttles NADPH-derived reducing equivalents from FAD to FMN and then to the P450-heme enabling heme-based oxygen activation and subsequent NO-synthesis. The binding of Ca²⁺-activated calmodulin (Ca²⁺-CaM) to nNOS alleviates inhibition of flavin mediated electron transfer within the diflavin domain, which...
Many species of rodents and insectivores live in subterranean burrows in soils throughout the world. The soil surface perforations of burrow entrances are often connected to complex, subsurface tunnel networks. Burrow entrances and associated subsurface tunnel networks represent a link between surface and subsurface ecological function. Anecdotal observations of surface-water...
At a time when the biodiversity on Earth is being rapidly lost, new technologies and methods in genomic analysis are fortunately allowing scientists to catalog and explore the diversity that remains more efficiently and precisely. The studies in this dissertation investigate genomic diversity within the milkweed genus, Asclepias, at multiple...
Fuelwood is a basic need for rural households in Malawi. However, deforestation has reduced the quantity of forest products such as fuelwood available to households. This has negatively affected rural Malawian quality of life, especially for women who are forced to walk long distances to collect fuelwood, prepare foods with...