Freshwater discharge affects the biogeochemistry of river-influenced nearshore environments by contributing with carbon and nutrients. An increase in human activities in river basins may alter the natural riverine nutrients and carbon export to coastal ecosystems. Along a wide latitudinal range (32° 55'S-40° 10'S), this study explores the role of climate...
Reconstructions of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are often created using the oxygen isotopic ratio in tropical coral skeletons (δ¹⁸O). However, coral δ¹⁸O can be difficult to interpret quantitatively, as it reflects changes in both temperature and the δ¹⁸O value of seawater. Small-scale (10–100 km) processes affecting local temperature and...
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proxy records
S. Stevenson1,2, B. S. Powell1, M. A. Merrifield1, K. M. Cobb3, J. Nusbaumer4, and D
In the mid-2000s the U.S. west coast oyster industry experienced several years of significant production failures. This industry has been referred to as the “canary in a coal mine” for ocean acidification (OA). Industry-led collaboration with university and government scientists identified a relationship between elevated carbon dioxide in seawater and...
For the first time in several years, the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions
around the globe. A weak La Niña dissipated to ENSOneutral
conditions by spring, and while El Niño appeared
to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully
developed as sea surface temperatures in...
Vibrio tubiashii is reported to be a bacterial pathogen of larval Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea
gigas) and has been associated with major hatchery crashes, causing shortages in seed oysters for commercial shellfish
producers. Another bacterium, Vibrio coralliilyticus, a well-known coral pathogen, has recently been shown to...
Oxygen isotope data from planktonic and benthic foraminifera, on a high-resolution age model (44 ¹⁴C dates spanning 17,400 years), document deglacial environmental change on the southeast Alaska margin (59°33.32′N, 144°9.21′W, 682 m water depth). Surface freshening (i.e., δ¹⁸O reduction of 0.8‰) began at 16,650 ± 170 cal years B.P. during...
Empirical algorithms are developed using high-quality GO-SHIP hydrographic measurements of commonly measured parameters (temperature, salinity, pressure, nitrate, and oxygen) that estimate pH in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The coefficients of determination, R² , are 0.98 for pH from nitrate (pH^N) and 0.97 for pH from oxygen (pH^Ox)...
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. Williams1, L. W. Juranek1, K. S. Johnson2, R. A. Feely3, S. C. Riser4, L. D. Talley5, J. L. Russell6,
J. L
The direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification (OA) are a growing concern, particularly in areas already experiencing elevated levels of oceanic CO₂. Studies with marine fishes suggest that elevated CO₂ levels may affect behavior by interfering with an important brain neurotransmitter. Studies examining the effects of OA fish behavior...
Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas that has both natural and anthropogenic sources in the modern atmosphere (Ciais et al., 2013). This project expanded the knowledge of the history of atmospheric N2O in the geologic past by measuring N2O concentrations in air trapped in very old polar ice. A...
Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of
cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the membrane components of livers
of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In the first study, ¹⁴C-sterculic
acid was administered by intraperitoneal injection into rainbow trout
and the trout maintained for 72 hours. The labelled sterculic acid
was...
Nonindigenous species are a major threat to the ecological integrity and biodiversity of marine and estuarine ecosystems. To become a successful invader, species must pass through four phases: (1) survive transport, (2) survive release, (3) establish a population, and (4) expand their range. To better understand these processes, an integrated...
Previous investigations have failed to show benefits of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for tendon healing in horses, contrary to reports in other species. We hypothesized that delivery of LLLT at manufacturer-recommended energy fluence through equine cadaver skin to equine tendon-derived fibroblasts in vitro would increase cell proliferation, metabolic activity...
Cancer cell migration in three-dimensional extracellular matrix is a major cause of death for cancer patients. Although extensive studies have elucidated detailed mechanism of single cell 3D invasion and cell-ECM interaction, 3D collective cancer invasion is still poorly understood. 3D collective migration models have unveiled unexpected degrees of diversity and...
Few studies to date have demonstrated widespread biological impacts of ocean
acidification (OA) under conditions currently found in the natural environment.
From a combined survey of physical and chemical water properties
and biological sampling along the Washington–Oregon–California coast in
August 2011, we show that large portions of the shelf waters...
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Current Ecosystem
N. Bednaršek1, R. A. Feely1, J. C. P. Reum2, B. Peterson3, J. Menkel4,
S. R. Alin1 and
Eighty-one microbial species isolated from seafoods and other marine sources were examined to determine the extent of interactions among these species. Spot-plates, cross-plates, and concurrent growth experiments at 7, 15, 20, and 30 C indicated that Lactobacillus species were capable of inhibiting other microorganisms. Lactobacillus species isolated from oysters and...
Collective robotic systems are biologically-inspired and exhibit behaviors found in spatial swarms (e.g., fish), colonies (e.g., ants), or a combination of both (e.g., bees). Collective robotic system popularity continues to increase due to their apparent global intelligence and emergent behaviors. Many applications can benefit from the incorporation of collectives, including...
At collisional mountain ranges the tectonic history of crustal shortening and
subsequent post-collisional erosion is preserved in the form of the presently observed
gravity anomalies. In this study, models of erosion and isostatic rebound at various stages
of collision illustrate the evolution of crustal structure, topography, and resulting gravity
anomalies....
Artificial Intelligence has gained resurgence in popularity through machine learning methods. This thesis investigates the current use of AI, the impact it will have on the economy and the ethical considerations for developing this technology. In the coming decade AI could increase global economic output over $10 Trillion. AI will...
The Global Overturning Circulation (GOC) is a major component of the global climate system. Understanding its behavior is pertinent to our prediction of climate change in the future. The lack of long-term observations of GOC in the modern instrumental era necessitates studies of GOC using paleoceanographic records. Of great interest...