The size of the bioavailable (i.e., “fixed”) nitrogen inventory in the ocean influences global marine productivity and the biological carbon pump. Despite its importance, the pre-industrial rates for the major source and sink terms of the oceanic fixed nitrogen budget, N₂ fixation and denitrification, respectively, are not well known. These...
In this paper we consider models of two competing species that are both affected by a pathogen which is transmitted directly. We consider both mass action as well as frequency incidence models of disease spread, and Lotka-Volterra competition. Our aim is to address the interaction between competition and disease dynamics....
Atmospheric surface layer turbulent statistics measured during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment 8 and 30 m above mean sea level are presented. The budget equations of turbulent kinetic energy, humility variance and temperature variance are examined. Within discussed limitations it is concluded that production equals dissipation in the case...
A three-dimensional, process-based model of the ocean’s carbon and nitrogen cycles, including
13C and 15N isotopes, is used to explore effects of idealized changes in the soft-tissue biological pump. Results
are presented from one preindustrial control run (piCtrl) and six simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum
(LGM) with increasing values...
Full Text:
(13C / C ) / (13C / C )std 1 is the ratio of 13C over C
normalized to that of a standard and the
A three-dimensional, process-based model of the ocean’s carbon and nitrogen cycles, including
13C and 15N isotopes, is used to explore effects of idealized changes in the soft-tissue biological pump. Results
are presented from one preindustrial control run (piCtrl) and six simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum
(LGM) with increasing values...
Full Text:
Citation:
Schmittner, A., and C. J. Somes (2016),
Complementary constraints from
carbon (
13
C) and
The reason for the initial rise in atmospheric
CO₂ during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent
hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such
as shifts in midlatitude westerly winds. Coeval changes in
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are
poorly quantified, and their relation to the CO₂ increase is
not...
The reason for the initial rise in atmospheric
CO₂ during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent
hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such
as shifts in midlatitude westerly winds. Coeval changes in
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are
poorly quantified, and their relation to the CO₂ increase is
not...
Full Text:
overturning decline and its role in atmospheric
CO₂ rise inferred from carbon isotopes (δ¹³C)
Schmittner, A
A three-dimensional, process-based model of the ocean’s carbon and nitrogen cycles, including 13C and 15N isotopes, is used to explore effects of idealized changes in the soft-tissue biological pump. Results are presented from one preindustrial control run (piCtrl) and six simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with increasing values...
The reason for the initial rise in atmospheric
CO₂ during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent
hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such
as shifts in midlatitude westerly winds. Coeval changes in
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are
poorly quantified, and their relation to the CO₂ increase is
not...