Ocean Acidification (OA) has emerged as a major threat to marine ecosystems, particularly regarding calcifying organisms. A growing body of literature describing laboratory investigations into pH stress indicates broadly deleterious effects for calcifiers, but responses vary greatly across taxa and can be influenced by variations in other environmental characteristics. Scaling...
Bathers exposed to microbiological contamination in coastal waters have an excess risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory illness. The disease burden associated with this risk may be considerable in Southern California, where 50 million annual beach visitors recreate in coastal waters that receive billions of gallons of polluted discharges from nearby...
Larvae of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, at Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery (WCH) in Netarts Bay, Oregon, are negatively impacted by high-CO₂ water and exposure during the initial shell formation period appears to be particularly damaging. To investigate the mechanism of this early susceptibility, several cohorts of larvae at WCH...
As the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on marine calcifiers is better understood, a range of potential mitigative strategies have been proposed, many of which are plagued by concerns of scale and feasibility. One oft-cited option is to increase the biomass of photosynthetic organisms to remove CO₂ from the water...
Salmon management philosophies of the five salmon jurisdictions of the North Pacific (Japan, Russia, Canada, Alaska and the American Northwest) are examined in a historical and geographic context. The first objective is to provide a synthesis of salmon management experience across the North Pacific, to serve as a context for...
Ocean acidification (OA) has emerged as an important focus of research and policy in this decade. Ocean acidification specifically refers to changes in the inorganic carbon system in the ocean resulting from its absorption of human-released CO₂ from the atmosphere. Anthropogenic atmospheric CO₂ levels are rapidly increasing; much of this...
Oceanic crust covers nearly 70% of the Earth's surface, of which, the upper,
sediment layer is estimated to harbor substantial microbial biomass. Marine crust;
however, extends several kilometers beyond this surficial layer, and includes the
basalt and gabbro layers. In particular, the basalt layer has high permeabilities which
allows for...