The infection biology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has recently crystallized, with added details surrounding intestinal invasion. The involvement of pathogen-derived effector proteins such as the major membrane protein, oxidoreductase, and fibronectin attachment proteins have been uncovered. Mutations constructed in this pathogen have also shed light on genes needed for...
Quality concerns drive many water studies and practices, but obtaining samples from water bodies over time and space for quality determination is often difficult and expensive. We present a low-cost approach that allows integration of water samples over timescales of days to months to allow more widely distributed acquisition of...
Solutions to the Boussinesq equation describing drainage into a fully penetrating channel have been used for aquifer characterization. Two analytical solutions exist for early- and late-time drainage from a saturated, homogeneous, and horizontal aquifer following instantaneous drawdown. The solutions for discharge Q can be expressed as dQ/dt = −aQ [superscript...
The method of recession analysis proposed by Brutsaert and Nieber (1977) remains one of the few analytical tools for estimating aquifer hydraulic parameters at the field scale and beyond. In the method, the recession hydrograph is examined as −dQ/dt = f(Q), where Q is aquifer discharge and f is an...