Nonlinear mesoscale eddies can influence biogeochemical cycles in the upper ocean through vertical and horizontal advection of nutrients and marine organisms. The relative importance of these two processes depends on the polarity of an eddy (cyclones versus anticyclones) and the initial biological conditions of the fluid trapped in the core...
The goal of the Pacific Ocean Boundary Ecosystem and Climate Study
(POBEX) was to diagnose the large-scale climate controls on regional transport
dynamics and lower trophic marine ecosystem variability in Pacific Ocean boundary
systems. An international team of collaborators shared observational and eddy-resolving
modeling data sets collected in the Northeast...
For the first time in several years, the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions
around the globe. A weak La Niña dissipated to ENSOneutral
conditions by spring, and while El Niño appeared
to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully
developed as sea surface temperatures in...
Viruses were defined as one of the two principal types of organisms
in the biosphere, namely, as capsid-encoding organisms in
contrast to ribosome-encoding organisms, i.e., all cellular life
forms. Structurally similar, apparently homologous capsids are
present in a huge variety of icosahedral viruses that infect bacteria,
archaea, and eukaryotes. These...