The hypothesis that sounds produced by odontocetes can debilitate fish was examined. The effects of simulated odontocete pulsed signals on three species of fish commonly preyed on by odontocetes were examined, exposing three individuals of each species as well as groups of four fish to a high-frequency click of a...
Toward the goal of predicting area-averaged evapotranspiration, the evaporative fraction is modelled in terms of surface radiation temperature, air temperature, solar zenith angle, Normalized Difference of the Vegetation Index and albedo. Previous relationships break down when applied simultaneously to a variety of surfaces. The zenith angle is required to account...
Narrow channel devices were fabricated using a split-gate high electron mobility transistor structure in which electrons are forced through a double-bend discontinuity. The low-temperature conductance shows a number of peaks in the lowest quantized conductance plateau which correspond qualitatively to resonance effects that are predicted for the geometrical discontinuities of...
The Columbia River Gillnetter is the pilot of the Lower Columbia River commercial fishing industry, keeping fishermen and the public in touch with today's important issues.
We demonstrate a novel synthetic route to fabricate a one-dimensional
peapod-like Sb@C structure with disperse Sb
submicron-particles encapsulated in carbon submicron-tubes.
The synthetic route may well serve as a general methodology
for fabricating carbon/metallic fine structures by thermally
reducing their carbon-coated metal oxide composites.
We demonstrate a versatile and efficient setup to perform femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). Technical innovations are implemented to achieve the wavelength tunability for both the picosecond narrowband Raman pump pulse and femtosecond broadband Raman probe pulse. Using a simplified one-grating scheme in a home-built second harmonic bandwidth compressor followed...
A Rutan Aircraft Factory Long-EZ aircraft flew numerous low-level slant soundings on two summer days in
2001 off the northeastern coast of the United States. The soundings are analyzed here to study the nonstationary
vertical structure of the wind, temperature, and turbulence. An error analysis indicates that fluxes
computed from...
Widespread stratocumulus clouds were observed on nine transects from seven research cruises to the southeastern tropical Pacific Ocean along 20°S, 75°–85°W in October–November of 2001–08. The nine transects sample a unique combination of synoptic and interannual variability affecting the clouds; their ensemble diagnoses longitude–vertical sections of the atmosphere, diurnal cycles...
At the smallest length scales, conductivity measurements include a contribution from salinity fluctuations in
the inertial–convective and viscous–diffusive ranges of the turbulent scalar variance spectrum. Interpreting these
measurements is complicated because conductivity is a compound quantity of both temperature and salinity.
Accurate estimates of the dissipation rate of salinity variance...
A simple statistic is derived for quantifying the potential for the aliasing of tidal errors in a given linear estimate of sea surface height constructed from altimeter data. The existence of M2 tidal constituent errors in Geosat data processed in the traditional way (i.e., with orbit errors removed using least...