Purple tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculemtum) were bred by incorporating
genes that result in anthocyanin production in the skin of fruits. These genes
originally came from related wild species as no naturally occurring genes encoding
fruit anthocyanin expression are known within the cultivated species. By
combining Aft or Abg with atv or...
The purpose of this research was to develop tools and germplasm for the production of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with high fruit phenolics without the use of genetic engineering. A candidate gene analysis was undertaken to identify genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato fruit (Aft, Abg, atv, and Purple Smudge)....
Published October 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The closed insulated pallet system (CIPS) was evaluated for growth, yield, and
fruit quality of tomato genotypes with determinate growth habit. Plants were irrigated
with several levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinized water. Tomato growth and yield
were significantly greater in CIPS than in conventional surface-irrigated containers,
regardless of irrigation...
Seven winter wheats were evaluated for plant height, the components
of yield and yield in a diallel cross at Pendleton, Oregon and
Lind, Washington. An additional parent was added to the diallel cross
at Pullman, Washington. Two levels of nitrogen and five replications
were utilized at each of the locations....
Tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.] plants are chilling sensitive and do not
naturally accumulate glycinebetaine (GB), a metabolite that functions as a stress
protectant in plants. While GB can increase tolerance of tomato plants to salt and
drought stresses, its effect on chilling tolerance has not been examined. To evaluate
whether...
A farm level comparative study was conducted to
determine the extend to which the production component of
the tomato industry of Panama is competitive with its
American producer counterparts in California. In addition,
processing costs, and marketing conditions/costs are factors
that determine a competitive potential. The objective of
this study...
The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin control plant development through a complex network of interactions which include synergistic, additive, and opposite effects whose mechanisms are unknown. The auxin-insensitive diageotropica (dgt) mutant provided a tool to dissect the relationship between auxin- and cytokinin-induced responses in tomato. Morphological, physiological, and molecular data support...
Oregon State University swine herd records of four genetic
groups were analyzed to determine: (1) the association of occurrence
of a small litter (≤ 7) at birth with size of subsequent litters
for gilts and sows, separately; (2) the effect of parity, genetic background
and litter size on mean birth...
The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world’s most important staple crops, ranked fourth after maize, rice, and wheat. While the potato’s success is due largely to its high yield, it also benefits from its broad global acceptance, and its ability to be used by the consumer...
The effect of raised bed culture on winter survival of ten pea
genotypes (Pisum sativum L.), differing in inherent cold hardiness
and growth habit, was studied under two climatic conditions: a moist
semi-maritime winter (Corvallis, Oregon) and a cold continental
winter (Weston, Oregon). An assessment of winter injury was based...
The Willamette Basin Conservation Project was created to help people and programs work together toward positive results in Oregon’s Willamette Basin for people, lands, communities, waters and native species.
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What Are Our Choices for The Future? .................................................. 27
What
Plant hormones regulate progression through the different phases of plant development in response to endogenous and environmental cues. Gene expression studies, as well as genetic and molecular analysis of mutants with altered hormonal responses, are two common approaches to elucidate hormone response pathways. This dissertation compares ovary and fruit development...
The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of
heterosis in three complex traits in barley and to investigate the
concept of component interaction as a means of producing heterosis.
The complex traits were grain yield, total leaf area, and malting
quality.
Seven varieties of spring barley were...
This report is intended to help transportation and environmental professionals apply ecological principles early in the planning and programming process of highway capacity improvements to inform later environmental reviews and permitting. Ecological principles consider cumulative landscape, water resources, and habitat impacts of planned infrastructure actions, as well as the localized...
Published March 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Wheat (Tritium aestivum) is an extremely important crop worldwide. It accounts for almost one quarter of the calories consumed each day by more than one third of the world’s population, and is grown over more land area than any other crop. Wheat breeding programs constantly strive to increase or maintain...
The effect of heterozygosity on the phenotypic stabilities of six
morphological plant characteristics was studied in hybrid crosses of
two self-pollinated barley species Hordeum vulgare L., emend Lam.
and Hordeum distichum L., emend Lam. Experimental material
consisting of parents and their F₁ diallel progeny were grown at two
field locations...
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of wood-frame shear walls under monotonic and cyclic loads by: 1) determining variability of shear wall performance; 2) comparing performance of walls under each loading protocol; 3) evaluating effects of anchorage on wall perfor-mance; and 4) evaluating performance of walls...
Five experiments were conducted to study the activity of the
pituitary gland in sheep as influenced by estrogen administered alone
or in combination with progesterone. Particular emphasis was given
to the study of gonadotropic activity.
Mature wethers (experiments I, III, IV and V) or ewes (experiment
II) were utilized as...
Under adverse soil moisture conditions a critical water stress
or water potential develops in the plant and productivity is reduced,
or in extreme cases, terminated. Research to determine the soil
moisture status for maximum production of specific crops has been
conducted for decades. The results have done much to increase...
Plant growth, development, and environmental responsiveness are
dependent on hormone-induced gene expression. This dissertation reports
multiple interactions between the plant hormones auxin and ethylene and
investigates their contribution to the gravitropic response, elongation
growth, adventitious root formation, callus and tracheary element initiation
and growth, and flower development.
Four mutants of...
In recent years, depletion of sands in the nearshore environment along the northern Oregon and southwest Washington coasts has been documented. This erosion raises concerns about protection of economic and ecological resources in the area. The Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project was initiated to engage public and private sector...
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tide for needed forbreeding and there are only
three sites in Oregon where Steller sea lions breed
We modeled surface wetness at high resolution, using a dynamic hydrology model, to predict flood and
swamp water mosquito abundances. Historical meteorologic data, as well as topographic, soil, and vegetation
data, were used to model surface wetness and identify potential fresh and swamp water breeding habitats
in two northern New...
The overall objective of this research was to define the cellular basis underlying
heritable subfertility in roosters homozygous for the rose comb allele (R/R). Fertilization
in the hen is preceded by the ascension of motile sperm through the vagina and sperm
sequestration within sperm storage tubules (SST). The objective of...
The organization of behavioral activities in time is important
to a bird's survival and reproduction. To be successful, either
proximately or ultimately, a bird must apportion its behavior in time
so that it may obtain sufficient energy for maintenance activities and
for such activities as migration and reproduction. The organization...
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Fragmentation impacts landscape configuration, resulting in a larger number of patches that are smaller in size and further apart from one another. Island biogeography and metapopulation theory predict populations in these remnant patches should be smaller, have higher extinction...
Wheat is a staple food crop with many applications. The composition and quantity of major and minor flour components greatly influence functional dough properties, processing quality, and end-use suitability. Seven to 15% of the weight of wheat flour is protein and the gluten proteins comprise 80-85% of that. The gluten...
Organic agriculture is an important and growing sector of U.S. and world food production. Consumers are increasingly aware of and interested in the production practices and impacts associated with agriculture and as such, are showing a preference for sustainably produced, raised, and harvested foods. In order to continue to meet...
Although the concept of breeding crops for organic agricultural systems has been around for decades, few studies have been reported for vegetable crops to quantify and compare how conventional and organic systems differ in their selection pressures on genotypes advancing through the breeding cycle; especially research utilizing modern sequencing capabilities....
Ecosystem services markets represent potential revenue streams for small- and medium-scale rural agricultural and forest producers, many of whom have faced significant economic downturns over the past several decades. Demand for ecosystem services (ES) in the form of investments by public agencies, mitigation funds from regulated entities, and voluntary payments...
Density estimation for marine mammal species is performed primarily using
visual distance sampling or capture-recapture. Minke whales in Hawaiian waters
are very difficult to sight; however, they produce a distinctive “boing” call, making
them ideal candidates for passive acoustic density estimation. We used an array of
14 bottom-mounted hydrophones, distributed...
The purpose of this study was to explore motivations behind participation in cosplay and the use of social media among cosplayers who maintain Facebook Artist Pages. Further focus was placed on investigating the role of Facebook Artist Pages in building fame. To explore such motivations, two theories were referenced: Deci...
The effect of increased manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX) on various abiotic stresses was studied using transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Transformants were selected in vitro based on kanamycin resistance, confirmed by PCR and northern blot analyses. Northern blots showed an enhanced gene expression of Mn-SOD...
Published April 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
We report malt quality QTLs relevant to breeding with greater precision than previous mapping studies. The distribution of favorable alleles suggests strategies for marker-assisted breeding and germplasm exchange.
This study leverages the breeding data of 1,862 barley breeding lines evaluated in 97 field trials for genome-wide association study of malting...
Island systems and species are susceptible to extinction because of their small population size and an ecological naiveté from an evolutionary past lacking strong competition and predation. For example, only one-fifth of the world’s bird species occur on islands, yet more than 90% of the avian extinctions witnessed during historic...
Published October 1981. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Anthropogenic land-cover change and climate change are the major drivers of the steep loss of avian biodiversity in past decades. Loss of avian biodiversity is predicted to result in the reduction of ecosystem services and ecological functions. Identifying avian population changes and the drivers of these trajectories is essential for...
The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a species of concern in the western United States due to its association with mature structural stage forests. I employed a use-versus-availability study design to quantify the vegetative, physiographic, and landscape variables associated with goshawk breeding habitat selection in the San Juan Mountains of...
The Aleutian tern (Onychoprion aleuticus) is a species of high conservation concern in Alaska due to large declines at known breeding locations since the 1960s. Due to the small population size and ephemeral behavior of this species on the nesting grounds, there is little basic biological information available and data...
Large burrowing owl (Aihene cunicularia) populations exist in areas of intensive agriculture in California, and pesticide exposure has been identified as a potential threat to population persistence. I evaluated breeding season use of agricultural fields by adult male owls using radio telemetry, and examined egg contaminant residues to estimate population-level...
This document reports on findings, conclusions and recommendations derived from scientific literature and knowledge regarding the effectiveness of tide gate removal or upgrade in improving conditions for Oregon’s native migratory fish species, particularly salmonids, and other plant and animal species that utilize estuarine ecosystems. The project was commissioned by the...
Changes to disturbance regimes resulting from shifts in forest management practices have created novel landscape conditions in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). I analyzed the implications of changes to landscape conditions caused by forest management for the spread of a native root disease: black stain root disease (BSRD) of Douglas-fir. BSRD...
Gene regulation by small RNA pathways is ubiquitous among eukaryotes, but little is known about small RNA pathways in the Stramenopile kingdom. Phytophthora a genus of filamentous oomycetes, contains many devastating plant pathogens, causing multibillion-dollar damage to crops, ornamental plants, and natural environments. The genomes of several oomycetes including Phytophthora...
The fitness of female Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) with respect to breeding behavior can be partitioned into at least four components: survival to reproduction, competition for breeding sites, success of egg incubation, and suitability of the local environment near breeding sites for early rearing of juveniles. Accordingly, breeding sites should...
Blackberries have been enjoyed for their delicious flavor and high nutritional value for hundreds of years. In North America, blackberries were cultivated since 1850-1860. Blackberries have their characteristic and unique aromas depending on the cultivar and growing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of seasonal...
The effects of selection on genome variation were investigated and visualized in tomato using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. 7,720 SNPs were genotyped on a collection of 426 tomato accessions (410 inbreds and 16 hybrids) and over 97% of the markers were polymorphic in the entire collection. Principal...
Recent work in machine learning concerns the detection and identification of bird species from audio recordings of their vocalizations. Such analysis can yield valuable ecological information concerning the activity and distribution of species in the wild. Current species-identification methods require individual syllables of bird audio as input, but field-collected audio...
The lower Deschutes River of northcentral Oregon has a historically uniform discharge record. Significant reductions in discharge below the seasonal norms will degrade the environment for migratory and resident salmonids by increasing siltation and gravel compaction, and by reducing intragravel water dissolved oxygen content. Fish spawning will be limited by...
Marine bivalves are globally recognized as ecologically and commercially valuable species and, for over a century, researchers have been studying their feeding, digestion and other related physiological processes. These studies have shown that marine bivalves have complex feeding and particle processing behaviors to maximize growth in dynamic environmental conditions. Additionally,...
Past tracking studies of marine animals have primarily targeted adults, biasing our understanding of at-sea habitat use toward older life stages. Anthropogenic threats persist throughout the at-sea ranges of all life stages and it is therefore of interest to population ecologists and managers alike to understand spatiotemporal distributions and possible...
Availability of suitable nesting habitat that is free of nest predators and provides access to adequate prey resources within commuting distance is a major factor limiting seabird populations. Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) in western North America have shifted their breeding habitat from naturally occurring habitats in interior wetlands, lakes, and...
Diurnal time budgets and habitat use patterns of breeding Ugashik marbled godwits
(Limosa fedoa beringiae) were studied on the north-central portion of the Alaska Peninsula
during spring and summer 1995-1996. Marbled godwits were observed from blinds and
behaviors were described for the four phases of the breeding season: pair-formation, egg-laying,...
Due to threats of secondary salinization caused by increased saltwater intrusion upstream associated with climate change, this thesis examines how salinity affects the development and oviposition site selection habits of three Oregon coastal breeding amphibians, the Roughskin Newt (Taricha granulosa), the Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) and the Pacific Treefrog...
Naked barley is a rich source of fiber and phytonutrients but is not widely consumed by humans. The author contends that increasing population-wide consumption of wholegrain naked-barley would accrue a net positive public health benefit by helping to increase total fiber and phytonutrient consumption. Many of the leading causes of...
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important disease of Cucurbita worldwide. Resistant cultivars are the best means of control. ZYMV resistance is quantitative in the wild species C. ecuadorensis, and is controlled by at least three genes in tropical C moschata. Very little molecular work has been done in...
Transcriptomics and gene expression profiling enables the elucidation of the genetic response of an organism to various environmental cues. Transcriptomics enables the deciphering of differences between two closely related organisms to the same environment and in contrast, enables the elucidation of genetic responses of the same organism to different environmental...
Published October 1962. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Rice is an important crop that feeds almost half the world population. As climate change models predict floods, drought and extreme temperatures in rice production areas, the need to better understand the genetic basis of adaptation and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses is vital to sustain our food supply....
Bird migration occurs at the largest of global scales, but monitoring such movements can be challenging. In the US there is an operational network of weather radars providing freely accessible data for monitoring meteorological phenomena in the atmosphere. Individual radars are sensitive enough to detect birds, and can provide insight...
Introduction The Willamette River Flow Project The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) are collaborating on a project to determine environmental flow requirements for the Willamette River and its tributaries and to design and test alternative flow releases from the dams that can meet...
Incidental bycatch in commercial fisheries has been identified as a threat to black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) and Laysan albatrosses (P. immutabilis). Effective long-term conservation of these albatrosses necessitates a thorough understanding of their marine distribution, which marine habitats are selected during foraging, and where they are most likely to interact...
This is the 4th edition of a book that was initiated with the annotation of the function of all the genes in the most commonly studied baculovirus, AcMNPV. It has been almost six years since I reviewed this literature. As a measure of the research that has occurred over this...
South Pacific humpback whales were devastated by commercial whaling in their Antarctic feeding areas during the 20th century. Understanding migratory connections and current abundance of these isolated breeding stocks is crucial for the allocation of historical Antarctic catches in population dynamic models used to assess current recovery. However, only a...
The Governor’s Advisory Group on Global Warming developed this Oregon Strategy for Greenhouse Gas Reduction.1 Governor Ted Kulongoski appointed the Advisory Group early in 2004 to perform this task. This Strategy, if implemented, will complement the agenda of the West Coast Governors’ Global Warming Initiative undertaken by the governors of...
Published June 1997. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The purpose of this paper is to provide resource managers with a compilation of background information useful in the development of guidelines and/or management strategies designed to minimize the disruptive impacts of petroleum exploration and development on wildlife in wilderness environments. The paper is a review of literature, and describes:...
Landscape characteristics can strongly influence demographic and genetic processes in wildlife populations. Climate change and human land use are causing many landscapes to change rapidly, and the effects on wildlife populations must be understood to properly manage these threats and design effective conservation strategies. In this dissertation, I explored the...
Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of environment
and several plant growth regulators on the physiology, quality,
and agronomic performance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. )
and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ). The potassium salts of
naphthenic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, received particular
attention.
Application of potassium...
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), a necrotrophic fungus and the causal agent of tan spot of wheat, produces one or a combination of host-selective toxins (HSTs) necessary for disease development. The two most studied toxins produced by Ptr, Ptr ToxA (ToxA) and Ptr ToxB (ToxB), are proteins that cause necrotic or chlorotic...
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) inhabits an expansive range in western North America, and it is a keystone species of subalpine environments. Whitebark is susceptible to multiple threats – climate change, white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and fire exclusion – and it is suffering significant mortality range-wide, prompting the...
This publication is an extended revision of the previous edition. It describes how to grow tomatoes and tomatillos in the home garden. Topics include site and soil preparation, cultivar selection, propagation, planting and plant care, techniques for extending the growing season, pruning and training systems, and harvest and storage.
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A greenhouse can be the ideal environmentfor starting seeds or growing your tomatoes year
round
Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic habitats remain serious problems in fisheries management. Management methods based on traditional command and control (CAC) approaches may meet with initial successes yet additional progress is often marginal, requiring managers to implement additional regulations to achieve...
The United States Pacific Northwest is well known for its shellfish farming. Historically, commercial harvests were dominated by the native Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, but over-exploitation, habitat degradation, and competition and predation by non-native species has drastically depleted their densities and extirpated many local populations. As a result, shellfish aquaculture...
Passive acoustic monitoring is a valuable tool for observing the status of marine environments. Comparisons of underwater soundscapes over temporal and spatial scales can provide data to inform marine conservation efforts, including protection of threatened and endangered species. This dissertation utilizes passive acoustic data collected via a broadly spaced array...
GIS technology has reached a point where it can be utilized by nonprofessionals in a desktop environment. This paper reviews the implementation of a pilot project for developing a localized-natural resource GIS. The resulting GIS was custom designed to answer questions posed by fish and wildlife biologists who need to...
The rapid decline of marine ecosystems worldwide and the failure of traditional single species management pushed for the development of ecosystem-based conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPA) to slow the loss of marine biodiversity. One approach to MPA creation advocates targeting marine megafauna (e.g., marine mammals, seabirds, sharks,...
This publication is a comprehensive account of major Federal
programs and policies relating to conservation and
development of water and related land resources and to water
pollution control in the years 1961 to 1970. It discusses most
relevant Federal legislation and the functioning of Federal and
federally-assisted programs involving research,...
Summer mortality of farmed Pacific oysters causes financial losses for shellfish growers, and selective breeding to improve survival of offspring is a promising way to reduce losses. This dissertation has two objectives to assist the development of tools for use in selective breeding programs.
Objective 1: Identify candidate genes for...
As recent interest has grown in the connections between how food is produced, distributed and consumed, and the overall health of food systems for people and the environment, a movement toward localizing food systems has emerged. In Lincoln County, Oregon, citizens, restaurateurs and university extension faculty, among others, have started...
It is estimated that more than 95% of organic production is based on crop varieties that were bred for the conventional high-input sector. Recent studies have shown that such varieties lack important traits required under organic and low-input production conditions. This is primarily due to selection in conventional breeding programmes...
Three experiments whose objectives were to investigate cover
crop kill by winter freeze, weed suppression by 'Micah' barley and
other spring cereals, and allelopathic potential of cereal covers
were conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm and in the greenhouse
and growth chamber facilities at OSU in 1989/90. Kill by winter...
The atomic age was enacted by many scientists as a way to realize health and human rights. Human rights were conceived in this context as rights to economic development, science education, and nuclear medicine. The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) acted hand in hand with UN agencies and educators...