The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are commercially available as microbial control agents for the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the key root-feeding insect pest in Pacific Northwest small fruits and ornamentals. Understanding habitat selection is critical to improve the efficacy, persistence and cost of...
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THESIS OF
Joanna Fisher for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in BioResource
Research
Methodological difficulties, particularly when multifleet-multispecies fisheries are active, explain pro parte a weak research effort on the socio-economic impact of fishery activities after the implementation of a marine protected area. Two components of the socio-economic impact have been prioritized: the fishing unit profitability and the fishery household income distribution by...
We examined the incidental catches of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) taken during research cruises and in commercial and recreational landings along the Pacific coast of North America during over 30 years of sampling. Shad, an introduced species, was mainly found over the shallow continental shelf, and largest catches and highest...
"The value of marine surveys in obtaining critical information on the biology of the Marbled Murrelet has recently been appreciated, largely due to the decline of the species and the need to develop recovery and management plans (Ralph et al. 1995, USFWS 1997). This report summarizes the results of 1997...
Heceta Bank is a large reef on the edge of the central Oregon continental shelf that supports a wide variety of commercial fisheries. Using the research submersible Delta, we studied fish abundances on Heceta Bank and the relationship between species composition of fish assemblages and bottom types. Cluster analysis indicated...
The transition between freshwater and marine environments is associated with high mortality for juvenile anadromous salmonids, yet little is known about this critical period in many large rivers. To address this deficiency, we investigated the estuarine ecology of juvenile salmonids and their associated fish assemblage in open-water habitats of the...
The diverse predatory rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) support extensive commercial fisheries in the northeastern Pacific. Although 106 species of Sebastes are considered valid, many of the ecological, geographical, and morphological boundaries separating them lack clarity. We clarify one such boundary by separating the blue rockfish Sebastes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881)...
BACKGROUND: Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) contain high levels of phytochemicals such as proanthocyanidins (PACs). These polymeric condensations of flavan-3-ol monomers are associated with health benefits. Our objective was to evaluate phytochemicals in fruit from Hawaiian cranberry relatives, V. reticulatum Sm. and V. calycinum Sm. Normal-phase HPLC coupled with fluorescence and...
Patterns of seasonal abundance of harbor seals at Netarts and Tillamook Bays, Oregon, were documented by recording numbers of seals hauling out on tidally exposed sand flats in both bays. Harbor seal abundance at Tillamook Bay peaked during pupping (May-June) and molting (August) periods, while peak abundance at Netarts Bay...
Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella are sometimes used as a biological tool for managing aquatic vegetation in reservoirs. Sterile, triploid fish were stocked in Devils Lake, Oregon, during 1986, 1987, and 1993 to control aquatic vegetation. We present a case study for using multiple measures on the same fish to determine...
Temperature data received post mortem in 2008–13 from 15 of 36 juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) that had been surgically implanted in 2005–11 with dual life history transmitters (LHX tags) indicated that all 15 animals died by predation. In 3 of those 15 cases, at least 1 of the...
The Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management propose to adopt coordinated ecosystem management direction for the lands they administer within the range of the northern spotted owl. This Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SETS) presents as alternatives the options, with slight modifications, developed by the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment...
In the following pages the national forests of California are described and an account is given of their value to the public welfare and of the means and methods used by the United States Forest Service to make them contribute as much as possible, both now and in the future,...
The Tertiary geologic evolution of the Oregon and Washington continental margin was molded by episodic periods of convergence between the Pacific oceanic plates and the North American plate. This margin is the site of a deep basin that is floored by Paleocene to lower Eocene oceanic crust and contains more...
Can government regulations and company concerns to reduce their reputational and business risk lead to an increase in traceability programs? Are the drivers of traceability attributed to concerns over seafood sustainability, food provenance, quality and safety, fraud, and IUU fishing? These questions suggest there is a change in incentives and...
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used in ecosystem-based management (EBM) to increase the abundance and biomass of targeted species and protect their ecosystems by restricting certain human activities. Marine reserves (i.e. no-take MPAs) aim to achieve this by prohibiting harvest in the area. While MPAs are currently evaluated through assessments...
We describe a disease syndrome that afflicts larval, landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from Cayuga Lake, one of central New York's Finger Lakes. Mortality associated with the “Cayuga syndrome” is 98–100%. Death usually occurs between 650 and 850 centigrade degree-days after fertilization, approximately 2–4 weeks before yolk resorption is complete....
The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole 1301A on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge was used in the first long-term deployment of microbial enrichment flow cells using osmotically driven pumps in a subseafloor borehole. Three novel osmotically driven colonization systems with unidirectional flow were deployed in the...
The WYSIWYT (What You See is What You Test) methodology applies formal analysis and testing techniques to the spreadsheet paradigm. So far the methodology has been applied to a research spreadsheet prototype, Forms/3. However, this prototype lacks the mathematical libraries, referential functions, ranges, and macros of commercial spreadsheets like Excel...
Published January 1972. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1974. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) has persisted in Oregon and Washington coastal estuaries since the late 1990s. A strong year class arrived during the 1998 El Niño, but numbers decreased and remained below 1 per trap per day until the arrival of the 2015-2016 El Niño. Since then, numbers...
Published July 1970. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, conducted three cruises (May 19-June 2, June 7-22, and September 4-14) in 1982 to study the distribution, abundance, migration, growth and feeding habits of juvenile salmonids during their first summer in the ocean. This is the second year we have had a series...
The School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, conducted three cruises (May 19-June 2, June 7-22, and September 4-14) in 1982 to study the distribution, abundance, migration, growth and feeding habits of juvenile salmonids during their first summer in the ocean. This is the second year we have had a series...
This research examines the gendered livelihood implications of fisheries management decisions through an exploration of a seasonal ban on fishing. The 45 day closed fishing season on the Eastern coast of India began in 2001 and applies to mechanized boats. While there is existing research on the impact of the...
This volume contains the papers accepted for the informal workshop on Knowledge Compilation and Speedup Learning held along with the Machine Learning Conference in Aberdeen Scotland. This workshop is a sequel to the first Knowledge Compilation workshop, which was organized by Jim Bennett, Tom Dieterich, and Jack Mostow in Otter...
"Infestations of the spotted wing Drosophila fly (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an exotic pest, have been found in Oregon fruits in 13 counties. Of the 3,000 species of Drosophila, commonly known as vinegar flies, approximately 175 are known in North America. Two of these known species have been found to be harmful...
Published December 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Understanding the frequency, magnitude, and nature of explosive volcanic eruptions is essential for hazard planning and risk mitigation. Terrestrial stratigraphic tephra records can be patchy and incomplete due to subsequent erosion and burial processes. In contrast, the marine sedimentary record commonly preserves a more complete historical record of volcanic activity...
We examined 1454 juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), captured in nearshore waters off the coasts of Washington and Oregon (USA) from 1999 to 2004 for infection by Renibacterium salmoninarum, Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin and skin metacercariae. The prevalence and intensities for each of these infections were established for both yearling...
These first measurements of specific surface area (SSA)
of bulk samples of subsurface marine basalts were undertaken
to determine the potential area available for microbial
colonization. SSA ranged from 0.3 to 52 m2/g of basalt
with the lowest value coming from pillow basalt and the
highest value from breccia. The...
We examined the multivariate life-history trajectories of age 0 and age 1 female Gambusia affinis to determine relative effects of age-based and environment-based cues on reproductive investment. Age 0 females decreased reproductive investment prior to the onset of fall and winter months, while age 1 females increased reproductive investment as...
Having valid measures of college student FI is essential for justifying basic-needs services for students. But college student food insecurity (FI) rates vary significantly across institutions, perhaps partially due to differences in non-response bias resulting from participant recruitment strategies. We tested for effects of recruitment method on measured levels of...
The ocean pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) fishery is monitored by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife through the use of logbooks, fishtickets and market samples. From these sources, catch and effort statistics are developed as wen as estimates of age composition and count per pound (grade) for pink shrimp....
The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) has persisted in Oregon and Washington coastal estuaries since the late 1990s. A strong year class arrived during the 1998 El Niño, but numbers decreased and remained below 1 per trap per day until the arrival of the 2015-2016 El Niño. Since then, numbers...
The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) has persisted in Oregon and Washington coastal estuaries since the late 1990s. A strong year class arrived in the Davidson Current during the 1998 El Niño, but numbers decreased and remained below 1 per trap per day until the arrival of the 2015-2016 El...
Fisheries oceanography is the study of ecological relationships between fishes and the dynamics of their marine environments and aims to characterize the physical, chemical, and biological factors that affect the recruitment and abundance of harvested species. A recent push within the fisheries management community is toward ecosystem-based management. Here, we...
Published April 2008. Reviewed October 2013. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
We report the first systems biology investigation of regulators controlling arterial plaque macrophage transcriptional
changes in response to lipid lowering in vivo in two distinct mouse models of atherosclerosis regression. Transcriptome
measurements from plaque macrophages from the Reversa mouse were integrated with measurements from an aortic
transplant-based mouse model of...
Acceptance of marine protected areas (MPAs) as fishery and conservation tools has been hampered by lack of direct evidence that MPAs successfully seed unprotected areas with larvae of targeted species. For the first time, we present direct evidence of large-scale population connectivity within an existing and effective network of MPAs....
Mountain pine beetle populations began building in the Kootenai National Forest in 1972. Infestations now encompass an estimated 48,599 acres of lodgepole pine type and 615 acres of ponderosa pine type. Approximately 25 percent of the high-risk stands, 17 percent of the moderate-risk, and less than 1 percent of the...
The peptidyl nucleoside blasticidin S (BS) isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes was the first non-mercurial fungicide used on a large scale to prevent rice blast. In the biosynthesis of BS, leucylblasticidin S (LBS) was suggested as the penultimate metabolite with 20-fold less inhibitory activity than the final product BS. Incomplete conversion...
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leucylblasticidin S
Guiyang Yu1, Li Li2, Xiangyang Liu1, Guang Liu1, Zixin Deng1, T. Mark Zabriskie3,
Ming
This paper reports on the valuation of the marine halibut and salmon sport fishery of central and lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. The project was designed to simulate changes in economic value and regional economic impacts for environmental analysis but has also been used in fishery allocation management. This study develops...
Fire and other catastrophic disturbance events in the Douglas-fir forests of the Oregon Coast Range have been significant in determining the distribution of stand age classes and, hence, habitat. Except for the past half century, knowledge of fire in the region has largely been local and anecdotal. The Douglas-fir forests...
Bathymetry and magnetic anomalies indicate that a seamount on the Juan de Fuca plate has been subducted beneath the central Cascadia accretionary complex and is now located similar to 45 km landward of the deformation front. Passage of this seamount through the accretionary complex has resulted in a pattern of...
We modeled surface wetness at high resolution, using a dynamic hydrology model, to predict flood and
swamp water mosquito abundances. Historical meteorologic data, as well as topographic, soil, and vegetation
data, were used to model surface wetness and identify potential fresh and swamp water breeding habitats
in two northern New...
• A technique for measuring in vitro respiration was investigated to understand why rates were higher than those reported in vivo and to elucidate trends within mature Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas‐fir) trees.
• Extracted increment cores were divided into 3–4 radial depths and a gas chromatograph was used to compare respiration...
Transcription factors with multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) are not uncommon, but comprehensive information on site-specific dynamics and interdependence is comparatively rare. Assessing dynamic changes in the extent of PTMs has the potential to link multiple sites both to each other and to biological effects observable on the same time scale....
Litter nutrient dynamics contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems. We examined how site environment and initial substrate quality influence decomposition and nitrogen (N) dynamics of multiple litter types. A 2.5-year decomposition study was installed in the Oregon Coast Range and West Cascades using ¹⁵N-labeled litter from Acer macrophyllum,...
The degree to which carbon concentration (CC) of woody detritus varies by tree taxa, stage of decay, tissue
type (i.e., bark versus wood), and vertical orientation was examined in samples of 60 tree species
from the Northern Hemisphere. The mean CC of 257 study samples was 49.3% with a range...
Oyster shell is a crucial component of healthy oyster reefs. Shell planting has been a main component of oyster restoration efforts in many habitats and has been carried out on scales from individual and grassroots efforts to multiagency efforts across entire estuaries. However, the cycling and lifetime of the shell...
Multiple episodes of Oligocene and younger silicic volcanism are represented in the high lava plateau of central and southeastern Oregon. From 12 Ma to Recent, volcanism is strongly bimodal with nearly equal volumes of basalt and rhyolite. It is characterized by moderate to high silica (SiO₂ > 72 wt. %)...
The research described here examined the question of why water resource managing institutions in the United States do or do not use probabilistic forecast information about seasonal and interannual climate variability in their planning. The study sought to describe water resource decision making processes in sufficient detail to enable us...
This publication consists of reports of projects carried out by
students in the Marine Resource Management Program in the School of
Oceanography at Oregon State University. These studies, sponsored by
the OSU Sea Grant Program and the School of Oceanography, were carried
out during the period 1974 to 1980. The...
Published November 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1995. A more recent revision exists. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Litter decomposition is a keystone ecosystem process impacting nutrient cycling and productivity, soil properties, and the terrestrial carbon (C) balance, but the factors regulating decomposition rate are still poorly understood. Traditional models assume that the rate is controlled by litter quality, relying on parameters such as lignin content as predictors....
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resolution of 4 cm−1 on a Thermo Nicolet
NEXUS 670 FTIR spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For
each
The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., has caused extensive tree mortality for the third consecutive year in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage in northern Idaho. In 1972, the infestation encompassed about 494,080 acres of commercial forest lands in this drainage. It was estimated from a tw-stage aerial photo-ground survey...
Escape from parasites in their native range is one of many mechanisms that can contribute to the success of an invasive
species. Gnathiid isopods are blood-feeding ectoparasites that infest a wide range of fish hosts, mostly in coral reef habitats.
They are ecologically similar to terrestrial ticks, with the ability...
This report contains a brief history of selected mountain pine beetle infestations and the potential for infestations in high hazard stands on the Tally Lake Ranger District. Management alternatives to lessen the severity, or reduce the possibility, of infestations are discussed.
The thermal conductivity, measured by the 3ω method, of amorphous films of Al₂P₁.₂O₆ (AlPO) deposited on Si substrates by an all-aqueous spin-coating technique is 0.93(3) Wm⁻¹K⁻¹. The thermal conductivity of a degenerately doped n-Si substrate is 85(5) Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ and of a more lightly doped p-Si substrate is 139(7) Wm⁻¹K⁻¹. The...
Litter decomposition is a keystone ecosystem process impacting nutrient cycling and productivity, soil properties, and the terrestrial carbon (C) balance, but the factors regulating decomposition rate are still poorly understood. Traditional models assume that the rate is controlled by litter quality, relying on parameters such as lignin content as predictors....
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manganese redox cycling
Marco Keiluweita,b,1,2, Peter Nicoc, Mark E. Harmond, Jingdong Maoe, Jennifer Pett
The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) began development of a broad-spectrum antiviral countermeasure against deliberate use of high-consequence viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) in 2016. The effort featured comprehensive preclinical research, including laboratory testing and rapid advancement of lead molecules into nonhuman primate (NHP)...
Several evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of Columbia River basin Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Yet little is known about the spatial and temporal distributions of these ESUs immediately following ocean entry, when year-class success...
The global terrestrial carbon sink offsets one-third of the world’s fossil fuel emissions, but the strength of this sink is highly sensitive to large-scale extreme events. In 2012, the contiguous United States experienced exceptionally warm temperatures and the most severe drought since the Dust Bowl era of the 1930s, resulting...
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spatially
across CONUS. Gray shadings mark the projected range of 2021–2099 for spring temperature
(dark
The ability of plants and microorganisms to take up organic nitrogen in the form of free amino acids and oligopeptides has received increasing attention over the last two decades, yet the mechanisms for the formation of such compounds in soil environments remain poorly understood. We used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)...
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. Chacon
a
, Eric D. Walter
b
, Mark E. Bowden
b
, Nancy M.
Washton
b
, Markus Kleber
a,c
.
a
Heterotrophic respiration (HR), the aerobic and anaerobic processes mineralizing organic matter, is a key carbon flux but one impossible to measure at scales significantly larger than small experimental plots. This impedes our ability to understand carbon and nutrient cycles, benchmark models, or reliably upscale point measurements. Given that a new...
The 20-year US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics)
program examined zooplankton populations and their predators in four coastal
marine ecosystems. Program scientists learned that environmental controls on
zooplankton vital rates, especially the timing and magnitude of reproduction, growth,
life-cycle progression, and mortality, determine species population dynamics,
seasonal and spatial distributions,...
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. Fisher, C.A. Morgan, R.L. Emmett and E. Casillas 2005 Species composition and community structure of
An outbreak of Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., began in 1969 in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage in northern Idaho. This infestation probably resulted from trees felled during clearing for the Dworshak Reservoir, from ice and snow breakage which occurred during the winter of 1968-69 in stands adjacent to...
Gonadal infections by a novel microsporidium were discovered in 34% (13/38) of arrow gobies, Clevelandia ios, sampled over a 3-yr period from Morro Bay Marina in Morro Bay, California. Gonadal tumors had been reported in arrow gobies from this geographic area. The infected gonads, found primarily in females, typically appeared...
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is used throughout the world to estimate prevalence and population size for hidden populations. Although RDS is an effective method for enrolling people from key populations in studies, it relies on a partially unknown sampling mechanism, and thus each individual’s inclusion probability is unknown. Current estimators for...
Background: Theobroma cacao L., the source of cocoa, is a crop of significant economic value around the world. To facilitate the study of gene function in cacao we have developed a rapid Agrobacterium-mediated transient genetic transformation protocol. Here we present a detailed methodology for our transformation assay, as well as...
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Zhang3, Emily E. Helliwell4, Siela N. Maximova1,5 and Mark J. Guiltinan1,5*
Abstract
Background
Climatic effects in the ocean at the community level are poorly described, yet accurate predictions about ecosystem responses to changing environmental conditions rely on understanding biotic responses in a food-web context to support knowledge about direct biotic responses to the physical environment. Here we conduct time-series analyses with multivariate autoregressive...
PCR amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and phylogenetic analysis of oxygenase genes
were used for the characterization of in situ methane- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from free-living and
attached communities in the Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. The following three methane monooxygenase
(MMO) PCR primer sets were used: A189-A682, which amplifies...
Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. Fires often cause short-term increases in wildlife foods that contribute to increases in populations of some animals. These increases are moderated by the animals’ ability to thrive in the altered, often simplified, structure of the postfire environment. The extent of fire...
This biological assessment (BA) documents the potential effects of existing Forest Service (FS) Land and Resource Management Plans (LRMPs), or 'Forest Plans' and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Land Use Plans (LUPs) on the Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis), hereafter referred to as the lynx. LRMPs and LUPs are collectively referred...
The role of glaciers as temporal water reservoirs is particularly pronounced in the (outer) tropics because of the very distinct wet/dry seasons. Rapid glacier retreat caused by climatic changes is thus a major concern, and decision makers demand urgently for regional/local glacier evolution trends, ice mass estimates and runoff assessments....
The field of conservation genetics, when properly implemented, is a constant juggling act integrating molecular genetics, ecology, and demography with applied aspects concerning managing declining species or implementing conservation laws and policies. This young field has grown substantially since the 1980s following the development of polymerase chain reaction and now...
The 20-year US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics)
program examined zooplankton populations and their predators in four coastal
marine ecosystems. Program scientists learned that environmental controls on
zooplankton vital rates, especially the timing and magnitude of reproduction, growth,
life-cycle progression, and mortality, determine species population dynamics,
seasonal and spatial distributions,...
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copepod
in the Northeast Pacific. Top right photo of Euphausia pacifica by Mark D. Ohman, Scripps
A recent analysis of the potential for management cost recovery in the UK suggested that such a policy would be detrimental to UK fishers if other European countries did not implement a similar charging policy. Most of the waters exploited by UK fishers are also exploited by fishers from other...
Despite progressive policies and continued advances in ocean management, numerous shifts associated with global changes have been observed in marine ecosystems in recent years, including warming, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation. As global change accelerates, science is needed to inform evidence-based management strategies for continued ecosystem services. Resilience management, in which...
This paper presents the results of a research project, which has focused on Danish fishers’ acceptance of imposed fisheries regulations and their respect for the management system. The analytical framework developed by Raakjær Nielsen (1998) and Raakjær Nielsen and Vedsmand (1999) has been used. The research has focused on three...