Betalains are a group of compounds that are major natural food colorants used by the food processing industry. These secondary compounds are found in only a few orders of plants with the Caryophyllales being the source of several domesticated crops. In particular, the family Chenopodiaceae in general and table beets...
A wide variety of organisms show morphologically plastic responses to environmental
stressors but in general these changes are not reversible. Though less common, reversible
morphological structures are shown by a range of species in response to changes in predators,
competitors, or food. Theoretical analysis indicates that reversible plasticity increases fitness...
Little research has been done in the area of adult Hispanics' transition to college, a complex and challenging process which marks a critical period in their lives. Research suggests adaptation difficulty may cause them to drop out of school usually before completion of the first terms. There is a lack...
Until the 1930s, flows of the Colorado River maintained approximately 781,060 hectares of wetlands in its delta. These wetlands provided important feeding and nesting grounds for resident and migratory birds as well as spawning and protection habitat for many fish and other invertebrate species. However, the Delta's wetlands started to...
This study examined water scarcity and vulnerability in Quintana Roo, along the northern Caribbean coast of Mexico where rapid growth of tourism in the past 40 years has limited the ability of rural and urban communities to obtain safe, reliable, and equitable access to water services and critical water infrastructure...
Latinos are the largest and most rapidly growing ethnic minority in the United States, and they have the highest dropout rates of any major ethnic group in the country (U.S. Department of Labor, 2003). Latinos' educational attainment is consistently lower than that of other students (Gandara, 2008). The majority of...
Learning novel concepts from relational databases is an important problem with applications in several disciplines, such as data management, natural language processing, and bioinformatics. For a learning algorithm to be effective, the input data should be clean and in some desired representation. However, real-world data is usually heterogeneous – the...
Transportation agencies need efficient methods to determine how to improve bicycle facilities in order to improve connectivity and safety. Many studies have used standalone methods such as level of traffic stress (LTS) and bicycle level of service (BLOS) to better understand bicycle mode share and network connectivity for a region...
The purpose of this study is to provide background information and examples of best practices relating to platform-train-interface (PTI) safety. The research and information obtained for this manuscript has been in association with the A-40 project funded by the Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) of the National Academies. The purpose...
Management objectives of vulnerable fish species must focus on maintaining healthy population status. Hence, reference points should be constrained to ensure recruitment. We assessed bioeconomic reference points for the totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), an endemic fish to the Gulf of California, reaching lengths of 2 m and 25 years. Totoaba fishing...
Discusses ways to apply integrated pest management principles to management of 12-spot beetles (Western spotted cucumber beetle) in snap beans. Covers pest description, crop damage, biology and life history, scouting and thresholds, and sweep net sampling. Presents information in English and Spanish.
Color stability and mouth feel quality are two of the most important aspects of red wine quality. Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are responsible for these attributes and it has been shown that weather conditions during the growing season and grape maturity can effect these components in wine. However, investigations into proanthocyanidin...
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is a new
method of producing advanced ceramic materials and offers an
attractive alternative to conventional methods of materials
processing.
An experimental investigation was carried out to determine
the SHS reaction wave propagation speed in a vertical cylindrical
compact made from a mixture of titanium and...
While safety improvements have been made in the construction industry, construction still experiences one of the highest numbers of fatalities annually compared to other industries in the United States with over 970 fatalities in 2016 alone. This number of fatalities drives researchers and safety managers to improve safety measures and...
Real-world datasets are dirty and contain many errors. Examples of these issues are violations of integrity constraints, duplicates, and inconsistencies in representing data values and entities. Applying machine learning on dirty databases may lead to inaccurate results. Users have to spend a lot of time and effort repairing data errors...
For a variety of infectious diseases, the richness of the community of potential host species has emerged as an important factor in pathogen transmission, whereby a higher richness of host species is associated with a lowered disease risk. The proposed mechanism driving this pattern is an increased likelihood in species-rich...
BACKGROUND: The giant lizard of La Gomera (Gallotia bravoana), is an endemic lacertid of this Canary Island that
lives confined to a very restricted area of occupancy in a steep cliff, and is catalogued as Critically Endangered by
IUCN. We present the first population genetic analysis of the wild population...
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-Souza3,4, José A Mateo5 and Rafael Zardoya1
Abstract
Background: The giant lizard of La Gomera (Gallotia
An improved extraction (2.5% HPO₃, 5 mM dithiothreitol) and HPLC quantification using a C-18 column at 35°C and 0.1M acetic acid (98%) and acetonitrile (2%) mobile phase was developed to quantify total ascorbic acid (AA) in commercial whole/semi-skim/skim raw/pasteurized/UHT milk packaged in opaque bags, transparent plastic, cardboard, and Tetra Brik™....
Knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of invasions—a theme addressed by invasion genetics as a discipline—is still scarce amid well documented ecological impacts of non-native species on ecosystems of Patagonia in South America. One of the most invasive species in Patagonia’s freshwater systems and elsewhere is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This...
The essential oil from two Lantana species (Lantana lucida Schauer and Lantana salzmannii Schauer) were evaluated for their chemical composition by GC-MS. Results showed 17 predominant compounds for L. lucida, among which β-caryophyllene (19.0%) and α- caryophyllene (or humuleno, 33.0%) were the major components. L. salzmannii showed the presence of...
The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and...
The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and...
The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and...
Community colleges have become a practical educational option for undocumented students seeking an associate degree; thus reflecting the community college's very mission and purpose by providing access and affordability for these students. Specifically, undocumented Latino students are known to select community colleges due to their low tuition cost, proximity to...
This report describes the state of the California Current System (CCS)—meteorological, physical, chemical, and biological—from January 2003 to the spring of 2004. The area covered in this report ranges from Oregon coastal waters to southern Baja California. Over the past year, most physical, chemical, and biological parameters were close to...
Despite being a highly charismatic and frequently exhibited organism,
Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) population dynamics
are poorly understood. Basic monitoring data for this species is
limited to bycatch and stomach contents of other fisheries species. An
essential step to a better estimation of population size and
productivity is to...
This document provides the abbreviated program grid showing a one-page summary of presentations made at the NAAFE Forum 2015, Economic Sustainability, Fishing Communities, and Working Waterfronts, held in Ketchikan, Alaska, May 20-22, 2015. The conference was organized by Keith Criddle and Quentin Fong, University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries...
Low completion rates have created serious "leakage points" (Astin, 1988) and "severe hemorrhaging" (Lango, 1996) in higher education to a large number of Hispanics. Traditional research on college persistence, which has blamed the students' culture for low performance, is inaccurate. Little research has specifically investigated academic persistence from a cultural...
At the May 19, 1982 meeting of the Governing Council of the
United Nations Environment Program, Kenya President Daniel Arap
Moi summarized a growing international feeling that there is a
need for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to get more
involved in international conservation efforts with the following
statement:
"The issue before...
Lithothamnion rnuelleri is reported for the first time as one of the main components of rhodolith beds along the Eastern Pacific Ocean based on samples from Washington State (USA), Pacific Baja California (Mexico), southern Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Individual rhodoliths ranged from fruticose to lumpy in morphology, and bi-sporangial, tetrasporangial,...
The yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis is the most important wines spoilage yeast encountered during winemaking as it can survive in wine for long periods, requires minimal nutrients for growth, and can be difficult to control. Brettanomyces produces two major spoilage products, the volatile phenols 4-ethylphenol (Band-Aid, medicinal smell) and 4-ethylguaiacol (smoke,...
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) Tuberculosis (TB), leads to increased use of “second-line” drugs; one of the most effective is ethionamide (ETA). ETA is a prodrug metabolized by a mycobacterial flavin-containing monooxygenase (EtaA) as well human flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). Of the five functional FMOs of humans, FMOs 1, 2, and 3...
Premise of research. A third genus of anatomically preserved conifer seed cones has been recognized from
a Late Jurassic deposit in northeastern Scotland. This cone is described as Bancroftiastrobus digitata Rothwell,
Mapes, Stockey et Hilton.
Methodology. The cone was sectioned with the classic coal ball peel technique and studied and...
What historical and political reality is reflected in the novels Gringo viejo and La frontera de cristal? What is revealed when the characters, plot, and setting of the novels are analyzed against research of the context of U.S.-Mexico relations? We begin to explore these questions by studying three periods crucial...
Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) oxygenates drugs/xenobiotics containing a
soft nucleophile through a C4a hydroperoxy-FAD intermediate. Human FMOs 1, 2 and
3, expressed in Sf9 insect microsomes, released 30-50% of O₂ consumed as H₂O₂
upon addition of NADPH. Addition of substrate had little effect on H₂O₂ production.
Two common FMO2 (the major...
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microsomes, we measured FAD in control Sf9
supersomes from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA.). FAD
Plastic pollution is an ever-increasing environmental threat. As large-scale plastics break down to form nanoscale plastics, it is essential to investigate their effects on freshwater ecosystems. With many plastic nanoparticle (NP) studies favoring the effects of common polystyrene (PS) plastics, a gap is formed for other common plastic types like...
The present paper studied system viability of tilapia nilotica and Australian redclaw crayfish in
polyculture, considering tialpia as main species. Three scenarios were analyzed: tilapia monoculture with
38.7 fish/m3 and tilapia and Australian redclaw polyculture, considering the same stocking density for
fish in monoculture and 17.5 crustaceans/m2, of which one...
A decline in the oxygen cost of exercise enhances exercise tolerance and performance. Substantial research has shown that dietary nitrate lowers the oxygen cost of exercise in sedentary humans; however, the metabolic determinants regarding how dietary nitrate influences oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle is not known. We addressed this gap...
As societies urbanize, a growing proportion of the global population, and an increasing number of housing units will be needed in urban areas. High-rise buildings and environmentally friendly, renewable materials must play important roles in sustainable urban development. To achieve this, it is imperative that policy makers, planners, architects, and...
According to The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS report of regional
statistics for HIV/AIDS from 2001-2008, Latin America has the third highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS
among children and adults in the world with about 2 million infected in 2008. Among all of these
countries, Mexico has the...
There is an ever growing number of Latinas/os who reside and have settled permanently in rural America. Unbeknownst to most, rural Latinas/os face adversities unfamiliar to those living outside of this scope. As it stands, the barriers urban Latinas/os students face when transitioning to college has been well documented. However,...
Silvopasture is the planned and managed agroecosystem in which forage, livestock, and woody perennials are integrated "either simultaneously or sequentially on the same parcel of land." Silvopasture can help mitigate anthropogenic climate change through carbon sequestration in perennial vegetation. We examined silvopasture, forest, and pasture systems in eastern North Carolina...
This paper explores the benefits of a poetry workshop with first-year Latin@ students at Oregon State University. Over the course of nine weeks, participants met once a week for fifty minutes to analyze and discuss culturally relevant poetry as well as compose and revise their own work. Drawing from critical...
A variety of important machine learning applications require predictions on test data with different characteristics than the data on which a model was trained and validated. In particular, test data may have a different relative frequency of positives and negatives (i.e., class distribution) and/or different mislabeling costs of false positive...
¿Cómo se implican los bibliotecarios españoles en Wikipedia (y en Wikidata, Wikisource, y otros proyectos hermanos deWikipedia) en tanto que organizadores del movimiento Wikimedia? Y, ¿qué les motiva? Este artículo sobre los hallazgos surgidos a raíz de 14 entrevistas realizadas a 18 bibliotecarios.Los entrevistados eran plurilingües y colaboraban con proyectos...
This research design was based upon the mutual relevance
between the fields of education and anthropology to cause cognitive
cultural awareness by the teachers of adults as well as visibility
within the Mexican American ethnic group.
Specifically the purpose of this study was twofold:. (1) to
determine whether the adult...
Diversity literary awards and other sources were used to create a list of high-quality titles written by and about underrepresented groups. This list was used to assess the diversity and inclusiveness of the library collections of a land-grant university. Gaps in the collection and acquisition processes were identified and will...
The effect of landuse change on the hydrologic, biogeochemical and ecological response of watersheds is a concern throughout the world. To help characterize the potential magnitude of such changes, and of the potential to remediate or avoid undesirable features, studies focused on the cumulative watershed effects of site level change...
Proanthocyanidins are a grape-derived phenolic class of compound that provide wine with bitterness and astringency. Because of this, proanthocyanidins are considered to be essential components of wine quality. Proanthocyanidins are localized in the seed, skin and stem tissue of the grape berry and the composition of proanthocyanidins will vary depending...
Proceedings of the 77th Annual Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference, held January 15-17, 2003 at the Hilton Portland in Portland, Oregon.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third leading cause of cancer death in the USA, depends on early detection for patient survival. Early detection is improved with the identification of high risk individuals. Risk of CRC development is a complex interaction between an individual’s genetics and environmental exposures. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)...
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β (Hernandez-Pigeon et al. 2004). MutSα initiates the repair of base-
base mismatches and small
A cylindrical permineralized conifer seed cone has been identified from the Officer Member of the Trowbridge Formation, near Izee, in east-central Oregon. The cone is preserved in a Middle Jurassic (Callovian) marine calcium carbonate concretion, associated with araucarian seed cones, conifer twigs and wood, cycad seeds, fern rachides, and lycopodialean...
Nanoscale polymers (including nanoplastics) are widely present through commerce and make their way into the environment. As the improper disposal of plastic waste leads to continued accumulation and degradation of plastic pollution, the presence of plastic particles less than 1 micron (μm) in size (nanoplastics) will increase. Heightened concern over...
Drosophila suzukii, spotted wing drosophila, is a serious pest of small fruits and cherries in many regions of the world. While host usage has been well studied at the ovipositional and larval feeding stages, little is known about the feeding ecology and nutrient requirements of adults. This study addressed the...
Drosophila suzukii, spotted wing drosophila, is a serious pest of small fruits and cherries in many regions of the world. While host usage has been well studied at the ovipositional and larval feeding stages, little is known about the feeding ecology and nutrient requirements of adults. This study addressed the...
Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) were not known to live on Tiburón Island, the largest island in the Gulf of California and
Mexico, prior to the surprisingly successful introduction of 20 individuals as a conservation measure in 1975. Today, a stable
island population of ~500 sheep supports limited big game hunting...
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Romero, Jose Ramon Torres
Molina.
(MP4)
Acknowledgments
Field assistance was provided by Carlos
Forests are one of the largest repositories of terrestrial C. Understanding factors that drive organic matter transformations and nutrient efflux from these systems is therefore highly important. Temperate forests are of particular significance due to the large fraction of C that is stored below ground in the soil. Characterizing nutrient...
This analysis of Colombia's System of National Park Reservations
accomplishes four objectives: 1) The historical development of national
parks in Colombia was described; 2) The status, as of August,
1974, of the areas administered by the Colombian Renewable Natural
Resources Development Institute (INDERENA) was summarized; 3) An
analysis of major...
Fungi and Actinobacteria are essential actors in global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients, and have both been recently appreciated for their roles in marine ecosystems. However, the diversity and distribution of these ubiquitous, but low-abundance microbes in deep-sea habitats remains poorly understood, particularly in chemosynthetic habitats such as methane...
Utilizing a two-capacitor topology, the digital implementation of an audio-band successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is explored in the context of mismatch-shaping where the mismatch estimates are accurate to the first order. A second-order Δ∑ loop was found to be effective in system simulations given a 0.1% capacitor mismatch. Spectral analysis...
Early behavioral regulation has been identified as an important component of school readiness, yet few easy-to-administer measures exist that directly assess this skill in young children outside of the United States (U.S.). In this dissertation, two studies were conducted to examine the reliability and validity of a direct measure of...
We evaluated the regeneration behavior and early growth rates of 10 non-pioneer canopy tree species in medium-height, semi-evergreen dry tropical forest in Quintana Roo, Mexico. These species provide timber and non-timber forest products for local communities and include evergreen and deciduous species with varied dispersal mechanisms. The species were Coccoloba...
Mangrove forests store more organic carbon across ecosystem carbon pools than most other coastal and forested ecosystems, and are subject to high global rates of deforestation. For these reasons, they are recognized as prime candidates for inclusion in climate change mitigation strategies. However, the ecological drivers of regional and micro-scale...
Known as the fourth industrial revolution, digitization is an ongoing trend in all fields, in which various industries are integrating information technologies to support and improve their businesses. Nuclear technology industries have also increased their interest in data-driven methods by leveraging the potential of pattern recognition to identify anomalies and...
In 2003 and 2004 vigor zones were delineated in two commercial vineyard
sites based on vine growth variation to assess fruit and wine phenolic chemistry. In
2004, the effects of shading on the accumulation of phenolic compounds were also
investigated. Model extractions were done from the shading experiment and the...
Proceedings of the 74th Annual Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference, held January 5-7, 2000 at the Imperial Portland in Portland, Oregon.
Invasive plants have the capacity to transform landscapes and alter ecosystem function, causing significant economic and ecological damage. These effects include displacement and reduction of native flora and fauna, altered fire regimes, modification of biotic and abiotic soil properties, as well as local, regional, and global economic impacts. With such...
Nanotechnologies continue to permeate a multitude of industries, with diverse applications ranging from pesticides to fuel additives. The unusual behavior of nanomaterials that drives their innovation also complicates the job of toxicologists tasked with assessing their potential environmental and public health impacts. This dissertation investigates the underlying reasons for uncertainty...
Human-animal relationships, emerging as an aftermath of human-animal interactions, have been increasingly investigated in recent years. It is possible to see the results of the effects of these relationships on both human and animal welfare. This study predicted that caretakers with hands-on contact with their zoo animals would have significantly...
By studying gravitational waves, we can gain new insights into the merging events between massive objects such as black holes as well as neutron stars. Moreover, studying low-frequency waves allows us to observe merging events between supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies, which in turn allows us to...
This research focused on population dynamics of two gelatinous zooplankters (Aequorea & Pyrosoma atlanticum) in the northern California Current to assess their relationship to environmental conditions and role in the pelagic ecosystem. Data collected since 1999 showed seasonal and interannual fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of Aequorea in the...
Translocation experiments, in which researchers displace animals and then
monitor their movements to return home, are commonly used as tools to assess functional
connectivity of fragmented landscapes. Such experiments are purported to have important
advantages of being time efficient and of standardizing ‘‘motivation’’ to move across
individuals. Yet, we lack...
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2009–2010.
Ministerio de Ambiente, Energı́a y Telecomunicaciones, San
José, Costa Rica.
Fortin, D., H
Vitamin E improved liver histology in children and adults with NAFLD who participated in TONIC and PIVENS clinical trials,
but with significant inter-individual variability in its efficacy. Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) is the major enzyme
metabolizing Vit E, with two common genetic variants (V433M, rs2108622 and W12G, rs3093105) found to...
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); Jose Derdoy, MD (2007–2012); Ajay Jain MD; Debra King, RN;
Pat Osmack; Joan Siegner, RN; Susan Stewart
After the April 2010 explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, and subsequent release of millions of barrels of oil, two Corexit oil dispersant formulations were used in unprecedented quantities both on the surface and sub-surface of the Gulf of Mexico. Although the dispersant formulations contain four classes of surfactants,...
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into BD
Falcon 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes (BD Biosciences, San
Jose, CA) and frozen
In 1861, in order to recoup foreign loans, France invaded Mexico. Assured by the Civil War in the United States that American response would be limited, Napoleon III undertook a scheme to replace the republican president Benito Juarez with a monarchy headed by the Austrian Archduke Maximilian von Hapsburg. Bracketed...
After the April 2010 explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, and subsequent release of millions of barrels of oil, two Corexit oil dispersant formulations were used in unprecedented quantities both on the surface and sub-surface of the Gulf of Mexico. Although the dispersant formulations contain four classes of surfactants,...
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-mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and frozen 181
immediately. The
Premise of research. A large pollen cone cluster attached to a cunninghamioid twig and surrounded by leaves has been identified from Eocene calcium carbonate marine concretions from the Appian Way locality on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The cluster preserves 18 cones but probably bore at least 24 pollen cones...
We do not fully understand reasons behind extinction of populations and species. Consequently, our ability to anticipate extinction (which can be considered a permanent type of an ecological threshold) has remained elusive. In particular, it is not clear how the attributes of episodic disturbance regimes can elicit extinction. In this...
The response of tidal and residual currents to small scale morphological differences over abrupt
deep sea topography (Seine Seamount) was estimated for bathymetry grids of different spatial
resolution. Local barotropic tidal model solutions were obtained for three popular and publicly
available bathymetry grids (Smith and Sandwell TOPO8.2, ETOPO1 and GEBCO08)...
Premise of the study: Pinaceae and nonpinoid species are sister groups within the conifer clade as inferred from molecular systematic comparisons of living species and therefore should have comparable geological ages. However, the fossil record for the nonpinoid lineage of extant conifer families is Triassic, nearly 100 million years older...
English Language Learners (ELLs) represent a culturally and linguistically diverse population in US schools. ELLs enter kindergarten with a range of academic and self-regulation skills, but can face multiple challenges navigating the school context (Zwiers, 2013). Previous research documents that low-income ELLs lagged behind in academic achievement, self-regulation, and English...
This study involved the development of two bilingual and inquiry-based forest education programs within the Central Willamette Valley of Oregon. The first program used the participatory research (PR) process to engage 7th and 8th grade Latino students as participatory researchers to interview members of their community to learn their perspectives...
Microplastics are widely distributed in aquatic environments. The term ‘microplastics’ encompasses a wide array of particles with unique polymer constituents, morphologies, and sources, such as automobile tire tread. Tire wear particles (TWP) can end up in waterways near densely populated municipalities, where they can interact with aquatic biota. Studying the...
Premise of research. Twenty-one permineralized fossil flowers assignable to Lauraceae from the Eocene Appian Way locality on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, provide important anatomical and morphological data for interpreting evolutionary patterns in this diverse magnoliid family. Methodology. Consecutive anatomical sections were prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Morphology...
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); cupressaceous pollen cones
(Hernandez-Castillo et al. 2005); schizaeaceous (Trivett et al.
2006) and
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Mosses, very diverse in modern ecosystems, are currently underrepresented in the fossil record. For the pre-Cenozoic, fossil mosses are known almost exclusively from compression fossils, while anatomical preservation, which is much more taxonomically informative, is rare. The Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) hosts...
Recently, continuous-time ΔΣ modulators are appearing increasingly often in both the literature and the marketplace due to their features of inherent antialiasing and relaxed requirements for opamp and so on. However, several nonideal factors such as clock jitter, excess loop delay, inter-symbol interference and so on, degrade the SNR performance...
Premise of the study: Triassic and Jurassic fossils record structural changes in conifer seed cones through time, provide the earliest evidence for crown-group conifer clades, and further clarify sister-group relationships of modern conifer families. A new and distinct seed-cone from the Isle of Skye in western Scotland provides the oldest...
Concrete has been categorized as a key contributor of CO2 (carbon) emissions into the atmosphere. This is mostly associated with the production of ordinary portland cement (OPC). The concrete and cement industries are pursuing a path to reduce their carbon emissions generally in accordance with the climate change goals outlined...
Delta-sigma data converters have gained popularity in both analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters (ADCs and DACs) due to their simplicity, high linearity and immunity to many analog circuit imperfections. These data converters include features such as oversampling, noise-shaping, and (historically) single-bit quantization. Single-bit converters are preferred for their inherent linearity. This...
The advance of digital IC technology has been very fast, as shown by rapid development of DSP, digital communication and digital VLSI. Within electronic signal processing, analog-to-digital conversion is a key function, which converts the analog signal into digital form for further processing. Recently, low-voltage and low-power have become also...