A method for measuring chemical reaction rates in order to
distinguish between different reaction mechanisms is presented.
This method was used to study zero -, first- and second -order reactions
by analyzing the output response to a sinusoidal input of
reactant concentrations in an isothermal continuous stirred tank
reactor.
The...
Heat transfer from the inner wall of an annulus to subcooled
water in turbulent parallel flow was studied. The inner core of the
annulus consisted of wires varying from 0.0019 to 0.0197 inch in
diameter. The outer tube consisted of a 1.01 inch diameter glass
tube 24 inches long. Diameter...
Incipient boiling and burnout heat fluxes were studied for sub-cooled forced convection annular flow. Small wires varying from 0.010
to 0.020 inch in diameter were used as the inner core of the annulus
and a one inch ID glass tube 24 inches long was used as the outer tube.
This...
Nucleate boiling of water in a vertical annulus was
studied. The test section was entirely of stainless steel
construction and was formed by a length of stainless steel
tubing with a stainless steel heater rod centered in it. Two
test sections with length to diameter ratios of 18 and 33...
The fouling characteristics of a desalted crude oil were investigated in a systematic
investigation. There are two main parts in this study, the dry bulk tests (dehydrated crude
oil) and the wet bulk tests (to which desalter brine was added). Three barrels of desalted
crude oil provided by Amoco Oil...
The pressure drop for two-phase liquid-liquid flow is theoretically
predicted for each flow regime. Empirical correlations, which
are applicable in all flow regimes, are also presented for holdup as
well as pressure drop.
The experimental study covered bubble and drop flow regimes.
The discontinuous phase was injected by nozzle into...
Momentum transfer in climbing-film flow in an annular duct was
investigated. Air and various liquids, with a wide range of viscosities
and surface tensions, were investigated. The two phases flowed co-currently
upward, the liquid climbing as a thin film on the inner wail
while the outer wall remained dry.
The...
A study of nucleate boiling of water, four alcohols and
three ethanol-water mixtures was conducted in a vertical
thermosiphon reboiler. The test section consisted of a 1/2-
inch diameter electrically heated stainless-steel rod
jacketed by a 15-inch long pyrex glass tube. Two different
inside diameters of the glass tube corresponding...
Scaling characteristics of calcium carbonate on a heated surface
in a deluged dry cooling system were investigated. Bulk temperature
of the deluge water was maintained constant at 90°F. Air flow velocity was maintained constant at 181 cfm., and deluge water flow was
maintained at the minimum level that provided thorough...
The fouling characteristics of cooling tower water
containing various corrosion inhibitors and other additives
on heat transfer surface have been investigated. Corrosion
inhibitors investigated included zinc-chromate and
phosphates. In addition, additives including polyacrylate
and phosphonate (HEDP and AMP) were used to determine their
effectiveness as antifoulants.
The tests were conducted...
Momentum transfer in an annular duct with upward gas-Iiquid
flow was studied under the condition that the liquid flowed as a film
only on the inner core of the annulus, the outer wall remaining dry.
Previous workers have studied climbing and falling liquid
films in tubes or on vertical planes....
This paper describes a study of two-phase gas-liquid vertical
annular climbing film flow. Using a high speed Fastax movie camera,
motion was slowed sufficiently to facilitate detailed analysis of the
climbing film structure, based on single frame projections. The
dynamic characteristics of the liquid film could likewise be obtained,
though...
A bench-scale thermosiphon reboiler system was constructed
end used to investigate the scaling behavior of aqueous calcium
sulfate under flow boiling conditions. Scaling data were collected
at constant heat flux from eight experimental runs. Five different
constant heat fluxes were used ranging from 45000 to 93000 Btu/hr. ft², in increments...
An analysis of the velocity and the shape of large gas bubbles
rising through tubes filled with viscous liquids is presented. Four
tubes, with diameters ranging from 0. 446 inches to 3. 97 inches, and
three liquids, with viscosities ranging from one to 200 centipoise,
were used in the study....
Friction factors were measured for water flowing in ducts made
up of two rods held between two flat plates. Three rod diameters of
0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 inches were used. The spacings between rods
varied from 0.0 to 0.32 inch. It was found that the concept of
hydraulic diameter was...
The effects of mass flow rate and subchannel configuration on
the turbulent interchange between adjacent subchannel in simulated
rod bundle were investigated.
The simulated rod bundle was made by arranging seven 1.913 cm
diameter acrylic plastic rods in an equilateral triangular pattern in a
tube 8.89 cm inside diameter.
The...
Various conditions of heat flux in the range of 46600 to 93300 Btu/hr ft² and water velocity in the range of 1.44 to 2.16 ft/sec were tested under carefully controlled conditions to determine their effect on scale formation, and the characteristics of scale. Inlet temperature and bulk temperature were maintained...
A cooling tower system was built and fouling resistances were
studied for cooling water flowing over a heated tubular surface. The
cooling water studied was formulated in an effort to match industrial
cooling water quality. The water used in this study had an average
Ryznar Stability Index of 6.23 and...
The fouling of cooling tower water was investigated as
a function of heater surface temperature and water quality.
In particular, the effects on fouling of the addition of
calcium in excess of the amounts required for saturation
were examined.
First, the average bulk water temperature was 97 ± 1
degree...
Various antifoulant treatment programs and the
considerations necessary for the effective use of such
programs were examined.
Two different groups of tests, with and without
iron contamination, have been carried out on the
effectiveness of several of the state-of-the-art
copolymers (PA, HEDP, AA/HPA, AA/MA, SS/MA and AA/SA) in
the inhibition...
Local and average heat transfer coefficients for heat transfer from internal tubes to a fluidized bed were investigated. A fluidized bed heat exchanger was compared to a baffled and an unbaffled exchanger in terms of power and heat transfer surface area requirements. The fluidized bed heat exchanger consisted of a...
The turbulent interchange of matter between parallel adjacent
subchannels in a simulated rod bundle for single phase flow was investigated
to determine the effects of mass flow rate and rod spacing.
The simulated rod bundle was made by placing six 1-inch diameter
rods in a square-square array. The overall test...
Deposition characteristics of magnesium silicate and calcium carbonate on a heated surface in cooling tower water using city water as make-up was investigated. Flow velocity, bulk temperature and calcium hardness were maintained constant at 5.3 ft/ sec, 95°F and 150 ppm as CaCO₃ respectively whereas surface temperature varied from 105°F...
Turbulent mixing across adjacent subchannels in packed rod
bundles was studied using conductivity measurement and sodium
chloride solution as the tracer. Single phase water was the fluid
investigated.
The packed rod bundles were seven stainless steel tubes,
1.905 cm in diameter and 152.4 cm long, arranged in hexagonal close-packed
configuration...
The fouling characteristics of simulated cooling tower water flowing over a heated metallic surface has been studied. The bulk temperature of the water was maintained around 95°F. Mainly three different water qualities with respect to calcium hardness level were investigated. The pH was controlled by the addition of hydrochloric acid....
Drop size distributions produced by the turbulent pipe flow of
dispersions of immiscible liquids were measured photographically.
A mathematical model was developed which predicted both the shape
of the experimentally observed distributions and the experimentally
observed kinetics of the breakup process.
The mutually saturated water and organic phases were pumped...
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of capillary
tube dimensions on the apparent viscosity of an unstable dispersion
of two immiscible liquids. The study was limited to laminar
flow at a constant temperature.
The dispersions were composed of a commercial solvent,
Shellsolv 360, manufactured by the...
Heat transfer to moving packed beds of solids has been studied
extensively but predictions are usually specific to the experimenter's
own equipment. In order to obtain a more general predictive equation,
the heat transfer coefficient was measured for a single vertical tube
immersed in a moving packed bed of glass...
Scaling characteristics of calcium carbonate on a
heated surface in cooling tower water was investigated.
Bulk temperature was maintained constant at 95°F. Flow
velocities and surface temperatures ranged from 3 ft/sec to
10.3 ft/sec and from 105°F to 170°F respectively. City
water was used as make-up for two different water...
The momentum transfer characteristics of liquid-liquid dispersions
were studied under conditions of turbulent flow in a cirular
conduit. Experiments were conducted to obtain drop size, friction
factors and velocity profiles for three organic phases dispersed in
water.
The test sections consisted of straight copper tubes 1-inch OD
and 0.830-inch ID....
An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of
flow channel geometry on fully developed turbulent flow in "clean" rod
bundle flow channels. This information was sought to obtain a better
understanding of crossflow mixing between rod bundle subchannels. The
experiments were performed in water with a Reynolds number...
A systematic study of the fouling characteristics of organic fluids was conducted in an annular test section. The study consisted of four main parts. First, the effect of key factors such as surface temperature, velocity, concentration, and oxygen on fouling from the system styrene-heptane-polystyrene was investigated. While surface temperature increased...
The use of the conventional air-source heat pump for residential
space conditioning has increased dramatically over the past decade.
Historically these units have been designed as air conditioners which
could also be used to provide heating. However, for the climatic
region of the Western Pacific Northwest (the geographic region west...
The effects of possible operating variables such as flow rate, surface temperature, bulk temperature, solids contents, sulfate addition and pH on the fouling of sulfite spent evaporators were studied. The study pointed out that the Ca⁺⁺ concentration difference between heated surface and bulk is the most important factor for fouling...
This circular describes research activities of the Oregon State College School of Engineering during the school years 1958-59 and 1959-60. These activities are listed according to the engineering department in which the research is carried out. In each department section are described facilities of the department, research projects, and graduate...
This report describes research activities in the Oregon State University School of Engineering during the school year 1960-61. Projects are listed according to the department wherein the work is conducted. Advanced degrees in engineering, which were conferred at the June 1961 Commencement, are listed in a separate section along with...
I experimentally test the hypothesis that the potential for selfing
increases with plant size in Mertensia ciliata (Boraginaceae), a self-compatible,
profusely-flowering perennial. This follows from the
premises that 1) pollen dispersal by pollinators between flowers is
limited, and 2) individual pollinators, in this study bumblebees, will
visit more flowers per...
This study examined children's memory for traditional and nontraditional
parental behaviors displayed in story content. Subjects
were 40 male and 40 female preschool children between the ages of 47
and 60 months. Children were read a story portraying a mother and a
father as the main characters. Each character performed...
This study examined the sex education practices of middle class parents with preschool children. Subjects were 128 parents of three- to five year -old children, including 37 mothers of daughters, 37 mothers of sons, 27 fathers of daughters, and 27 fathers of sons. These parents were administered a sex education...
Provides information about complexity of watersheds. Outlines ways to form partnerships, to develop strategies for enhancing watershed resources, and to implement enhancement projects.
Studies towards the total synthesis of (+)-Phomactin A (1), D (6), and G (9), fungal metabolites with unique molecular architecture and pronounced biological activity, are described. These studies resulted in the synthesis of advanced intermediates 354 and 356, which contain all of the carbon atoms of 1, 6 and 9....
Traditional interpretations of James Joyce's Dubliners have often focused on the pervasive "paralysis" of the city, covered in the stories' range of "childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life." However, these approaches have limited their focus on the women in the stories, often spotlighting the male characters--and the author--through a Freudian...
Western wildcucumber (Marah oreganus [T. & G.]
Howell), also known as Oldman- in-the-ground, Echinocystis
oregana Cogn., is a perennial with stems that
regrow each spring from a huge woody root.
Stems become long, and they climb with the aid of branched
tendrils. Leaves are alternate, lobed, and up to 6...
William James came of age at a time of great social and intellectual change in the United States. During this period, new professional identities proliferated, and a new culture of professionalization developed with important ramifications for conceptions of individual and social identity. Professionalization was also closely related to key intellectual...
The
experimental
procedure
for
evaporating
silicon
monoxide
together
with
the
methods
for
measuring
the film
thickness
have
been
investigated.
The
effects
of
various
process
parameters
on
the
rate
of
deposition,
such
as
source
temperature
and
source-substrate
distance,
have
been
studied.
The
uniformity
of
silicon
monoxide
films
deposited
by
this
particular...
The purpose of this thesis is to argue that LeBron James’ expressions of activism are, in many ways, perceived as insincere, hypocritical or disingenuous to his followers on the social media platform Twitter. Using the theoretical framework of Affect Theory and Plutchik’s wheel of emotions, a close reading was conducted...
This is a set of documents and letters compromising a proposal by James McCauley to bring lobsters to the West Coast. The proposal involved the University of Rhode Island, the OSU Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, Oregon State University, and the Oregon Fish Commission. The letters are to several people,...
Pornography remains one of the most controversial topics in our culture. Politicians, religious groups, and special interest organizations tend to focus on the ‘effects’ pornography has on those who consume it, and fear that pornography is a threat to public health. The general discourse surrounding pornography is that men produce...
Published March 1997. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The purpose of this project was to create a code generating software tool, which is one section of the Oregon SpeedCode Universe. The Code Generator automatically generates compilable source code to form working Macintosh applications. This source code provides a prototype for the actual final application. This is done with...
Many economically important Pacific salmon fisheries along the west coast of North America are mixed-stock, recreational systems, in which managers strive to account for interactions between fish, anglers, and management policy while balancing fishery access against conservation of vulnerable stocks. Specific challenges facing fisheries managers include limited control over angling...
The purpose of this study is to describe Dungeness crab marketing
from the ocean floor to the ultimate consumer; to identify
relations among the Oregon Dungeness crab industry, the Pacific
Coast Dungeness crab industry, and the Alaska King crab industry;
and to specify the relationships between fishermen's prices for
Dungeness...
Several agricultural and related industry groups in the Pacific
Coast states have expressed concern about the competitive position
of these states in the production of feed grains and livestock products.
This study was directed toward the investigation of these
concerns.
In order to permit the real world situation, with its...
The purpose of this study is to describe Dungeness crab marketing
from the ocean floor to the ultimate consumer; to identify
relations among the Oregon Dungeness crab industry, the Pacific
Coast Dungeness crab industry, and the Alaska King crab industry;
and to specify the relationships between fishermen's prices for
Dungeness...
Production and marketing are two important activities of the
U.S. beef industry. Spatial differences in these activities result
due to the existing cost differences in production and marketing of
beef. The overall objective of this study is to determine simultaneously
interregional and interseasonal equilibrium, with respect
to beef production and...
Under light wind conditions, the alternation of daytime
heating and nighttime cooling creates a characteristic
response in the oceanic boundary layer known as the diurnal
cycle. The Mellor/Yamada Level II turbulence closure model is
used to analyze this response pattern.
The diurnal cycle has three phases. During morning and
early...
Corn has been produced in Thailand for many years, but it has
risen to prominence during the past ten years. By 1960, corn had became
the third most important export crop of Thailand. It was exceeded
in value by only rice and rubber.
From 1950 to 1964, Thai corn production...
A finite difference scheme is employed to solve the
integral form of the momentum, continuity and heat
equations, for a two layer ocean bounded by a coastline.
The momentum equations include the turbulent dynamics and
the time-dependent and nonlinear terms in both the
cross-shelf and alongshelf directions. The system of...