Tree nuts have been implicated in a number of foodborne outbreaks and recalls in recent years linked to enteric pathogens, particularly Salmonella. Therefore, prior to distribution and marketing, it is necessary to understand the biological risks associated with the consumption of tree nuts and to find effective methods to inactivate...
Rare plant reintroductions are a critical conservation tool for the augmentation of diminishing populations, or re-establishment of extirpated populations. Analysis of reintroduction failures suggests that a sophisticated understanding of species biology, ecology, and habitat is essential for producing self-sustaining rare plant populations. This study sought to generate that background knowledge...
This study traces the historical foundations of the concept of
constant ionic proportionality and the equation (Salinity [S%₀] = 1.805
Chlorinity [Cl%₀] + 0.030) which has been in general use in oceanography
since 1902 until 1969 and which is based upon this constancy,
The notion that the constituents present in...
Chemical dosimetry developed in response to needs created by
developments in the field of high-energy radiation. Shortly after the
discovery of X-rays in 1895 and of radioactivity in 1896, the deleterious
effects of ionizing radiation were recognized. To guard against the
injurious effects of radiation in medical application, dose-measuring
methods...
Sixteen secondary school health teachers evaluated their own
course teaching performance. Students in each of these courses
evaluated the same teacher and the results were compared. An
adapted version of a teacher rating form developed by the School of
Agriculture, Oregon State University, was used by all study participants.
Teacher...
Pleuropogon oregonus Chase is a rare wetland grass endemic to eastern Oregon. The species is composed of two widely separated populations, one in Lake County and one in Union County. In order to reduce the risk of extinction, the Oregon Department of Agriculture Native Plant Conservation Program initiated several reintroduction...
Three studies during three consecutive summers were conducted
at the Squaw Butte Experiment Station to estimate relative and quantitative
forage intake of spring and fall calving cow-calf pairs on
summer range. In a drylot study (experiment 1) individual animal
consumption of fescue or meadow hay cut at 2- to 10-day...
Land use planning, zoning, and subdivisions are integrally tied
to the land resource. The need for a land surveyor and for statutes
which govern his operation when working in these areas is stressed.
A brief history of Vermont and Oregon, illustrating the role of land
surveys on settlement, is given....
The application of the least squares adjustment techniques to the
area of surveying has been considered and two computer programs
called HCONTRL and VCONTRL are developed for horizontal and vertical
control respectively. The principle of least squares is discussed
in chapter II. The observation and condition equations are compared
and...
Effect of temperature on seed dormancy, alpha-amylase activity and kernel weight in five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties was studied. Three ripening temperature conditions - 15.5°C, 26.6 °C and "Field" were used to induce dormancy. Alpha-amylase activity and kernel weight of developing kernels was determined every ten days after anthesis...
Bunt or stinking smut is a major disease of wheat. In the U.S.
common bunt, Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. and T. foetida (Wallr) Liro,
is a threat to wheat production in the Pacific Northwest. Screening
trials conducted by USDA Cereal Investigations Project in Oregon,
from 1955-1980, revealed that a number...
Forty-six morphological characters were used in a study of Triticum turgidum ssp. carthlicum (2n = 28) and specimens of carthlicum-like forms of Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare (2n = 42). The morphological variation patterns within these groups were examined using stepwise discriminant analysis. These results indicate that specimens studied could be...
John Wesley Powell worked actively for public land system
reform while a director of geographical and geological surveys in
the West from 1869 to 1894. Although this has won him acclaim as a
conservationist, the basis of Powell's linkage of reform with
scientific work is poorly understood.
A study of...
Triticale, a newly man-made cereal from a wheat-rye cross offers a
unique food and feed potential because of its higher protein content
with nutritionally balanced amino acid composition as compared to other
cereal grains. However, some cereal proteins such as trypsin inhibitors,
present in triticale and rye, can affect the...
The Sulaiman foldbelt is an active and conspicuous tectonic
feature on the northwestern margin of the Indo-Pakistani plate.
Seismic reflection data have been combined with surface geological
mapping and drillhole data to interpret the structural style and
tectonic shortening of the eastern Sulaiman foldbelt and its adjacent
foredeep. The data...
The Salt Range and Potwar Plateau are part of the currently active
foreland fold-thrust belt of the Himalaya in Pakistan. Seismic reflection data have been combined with surface mapping, drillhole and
paleomagnetic information to construct balanced structural cross-sections of the current frontal thrust zone (Salt Range), and to estimate
the...
From the earliest English colonization to the present day, there
has been interest in astronomy in this country. The purpose of this
thesis is to show how the science of astronomy developed in America
from the earliest observations by educated colonists using imported
instruments and publishing in European journals, to...
A study of populations characteristics of T. turgidum ssp.
carthlicum and T. aestivum ssp. carthlicoides was completed using
numerical analysis. A sample of 74 accessions of ssp. carthlicum
and 20 of ssp. carthlicoides were scored for 46 characters. It was
established that three morphological distinguishable groups of ssp.
carthlicum can...
Rare plant reintroductions that result in additional or more viable wild populations are important conservation tools for maintaining biodiverse ecosystems. Ideally, such projects are best designed as experiments, to improve biological and ecological knowledge of the selected species and monitoring long-term results. Northern wormwood (Artemisia campestris var. wormskioldii: Asteraceae), a...
The North Potwar Deformed Zone (NPDZ) is part of the active foreland fold-and-
thrust belt of the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau (SR/PP) in northern Pakistan.
About 500 km of seismic reflection profiles are integrated with surface geologic and
drilling data to examine the structure of the NPDZ, in general,...
The resurgence of creationism the past few years has been led by advocates
of recent-creationism. These individuals, a minority among creationists in general,
argue that the entire universe was created approximately 10,000 years ago in one six-day
period of time. Recent-creationists support their position by appealing to the
Genesis account...
At collisional mountain ranges the tectonic history of crustal shortening and
subsequent post-collisional erosion is preserved in the form of the presently observed
gravity anomalies. In this study, models of erosion and isostatic rebound at various stages
of collision illustrate the evolution of crustal structure, topography, and resulting gravity
anomalies....
This thesis seeks to explain how Lord George Gordon
Byron achieves catharsis through the writing of his truth
in Don Juan. In the poem the narrator expresses Byron's
innermost emotion while at the same time the protagonist,
Juan, relates to readers on a more conscious level. The
ability that Byron...
The collision of the Indian subcontinent with Asia beginning 40 million years ago
produced the Himalayan orogenic belt, the largest continental collision belt active today. The foreland fold-and-thrust belt in northern Pakistan consists of the Salt Range-Potwar Plateau area. In this region the distance from the Main Boundary Thrust(MBT) to...
The education (particularly graduate education) of Americans
who were active in astronomical research between 1876 and 1941
is assessed for its effectiveness in preparing the astronomers for
careers in research. This period contains three dynamic changes:
the growth of American astronomy in becoming the world's leading
community of astronomers, the...
The significance of geology is commonly overlooked by the general public and underrepresented in free-choice learning environments including national parks that exhibit spectacular examples of geological features and processes. Parks are a major contributor to public learning, and a key way to teach how geology influences many aspects of our...
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RobertJ. Lillie
The significance of geology is commonly overlooked by the general
Plagiobothrys hirtus (Boraginaceae) is a state and federally listed endangered plant found only in Douglas County, Oregon. This vernal pool endemic has historically been threatened by agricultural conversion of seasonal wetlands in the Sutherlin area, and is currently being eradicated as habitat is lost due to the rapid urban development...
In the wetland prairie of William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge (FNWR) in western Oregon, we investigated the response of Delphinium pavonaceum Ewan (peacock larkspur, Ranunculaceae), an endangered perennial forb, to four unreplicated dormant season fire regimes of 0, 2, 4, or 10 fires that were applied over a 12-year...
Key parts of the lateral force resisting system in wood-frame buildings
are the shearwafls and the connections. The connections in wooden buildings
are the primary source of ductility and energy dissipation; these are essential
properties when buildings are exposed to lateral forces, such as wind and
earthquakes. Shearwall design is...
Nailed connections have nonlinear load-displacement
relations. Modeling these connections in an assembled
structure would require a great amount of computational time
because of the large number of degrees of freedom.
Replacing these connections with energetically-equivalent
nonlinear springs reduces the number of degrees of freedom,
and leads to computational efficiency in...
The reinforcement of wood and wood composite structural products to improve
their mechanical properties has been in practice for many years. Recently, the use of high-strength
fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) as a reinforcement in such applications has been
commercialized.
The reinforcement is manufactured using a standard pultrusion process or
alternatively a...
Biaxial strength characteristics of wood-based structural panels were evaluated by
using analytical and experimental methods. Cruciform plywood specimens were tested
under biaxial tensile-tensile, compressive-compressive loadings in a symmetrically-jointed-
arm test fixture, which was mounted on a universal testing machine. Performance
of the test fixture was also evaluated during the tests....
In a majority of light-frame wood buildings, studs
and joists are the basic structural components in walls
and floors. The walls act as bending and compressive
panels and transmit lateral wind and gravity loads to the
foundation. Joists are used in floor systems, and
together with the sheathing member act...
The light-frame wood structure is an assemblage of
several components such as walls, floors and roof connected
by intercomponent connections such as nails or metal plates.
The behavior of the full-structure is determined by the
behavior of the individual components and connections.
Whereas individual substructures were investigated both
experimentally and...
With high costs of testing and rating a structural system for
fire resistance, the utilization of computer simulations that
approximate the integrity of structural subsystems could conceivably
reduce development costs. Before an analysis of a light-frame wood
system can occur, information on the components of the substructure
must be known....
This thesis develops a manual for interpreters at six National Park Service areas established to preserve and interpret fossils of the Cenozoic Era: Fossil Butte National Monument (Wyoming), John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (Oregon), Badlands National Park (South Dakota), Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (Colorado), Agate Fossil Beds National...
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RobertJ. Lillie
This thesis develops a manual for interpreters at six National Park Service
Gravity data along a N-S profile from Kohistan to the Punjab plain of Pakistan
have been incorporated into recent interpretation of the gross structure of the foreland
fold and thrust belt of the Himalaya. In northern Pakistan large deviations from Airy
Isostatic equilibrium are observed. An excess of mass characterizes...
Chromosome counts were determined for 152 accessions of Pseudoroegneria
spicata (Pursh) A. Löve and, combined with existing count
data, used to plot the distribution of diploid and tetraploid populations.
Morphological variation of 55 characters was examined in five
groups totaling 205 operational taxonomic units (OTU's), using
cluster, principal factor, and...
Approximately 1600 km of seismic reflection profiles from the
eastern Salt Range and Potwar Plateau (SR/PP) of Pakistan are
integrated with available magnetostratigraphic, surface geologic and
well data, to categorize structural styles, determine the timing of
deformation and estimate the amount of telescoping of the
sedimentary cover. The eastern SR/PP...
The Salt Range and Potwar Plateau of northern Pakistan are part of
the thin-skinned, active thrust system related to the ongoing collision of
the Asian and Indian continental blocks. Platform rocks and orogenic
molasse of the Indo-Pakistani shield are deformed in south-verging thrusts
and folds, relative to a northward-converging basement....
Surface-geology, oil-well, seismic-reflection, and magnetostratigraphic data are
integrated to evaluate structural style and shortening rate at the Himalayan front (Sub-Himalaya) of northwest India. The Sub-Himalaya, between the Main Boundary thrust
and the Himalayan Frontal fault, is the actively deforming front of the Himalaya. At
certain locations, the Himalayan Frontal fault...
An experimental reintroduction was performed to determine the best method to create new populations of the tuberous species Perideridia erythrorhiza, a rare vascular plant endemic to southern Oregon. Only a handful of sites are currently present, and many of these are subject to other land uses such as urban development...
Service life prediction models for light-framed wood structures require an extensive quantity of empirical data on deterioration pathologies for the numerous structural components, as well as mechanistic approaches to determine their capacity at various levels of deterioration. The data and models presented in this study satisfy a portion of the...
Gravity data along an east-west profile from the Punjab plain of Pakistan to the western
border town of Chaman have been incorporated into interpretation of the gross crustal
structure underlying the Sulaiman Range. Interpretation of the free-air, Bouguer, and
isostatic gravity anomalies suggests that 15 to 25 km thick, transitional...
The role of unusual geologies in plant distribution and form is well-known. Serpentine (ultramafic) soils exert a particularly strong influence on plants, as evidenced by a high level of endemism and the morphological and physiological traits displayed in adaptation to the extraordinary chemistry of these substrates. Adaptation may lead to...
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RobertJ. Meinke
The role of unusual geologies in plant distribution and form is
This thesis develops a thematic, geology-based interpretive training manual for the interpretive staff at Yosemite National Park (YNP), California. The manual will help staff understand and convey geologic principles to park visitors who are all experiencing a dynamic landscape comprised of glacially-sculpted igneous rocks. Basic geology and the results of...
Previous attempts to understand the factors affecting the energetic cost of locomotion have found a direct link between the energetic cost and the mechanical work done during periods when the limb is in contact with the ground. However, when the limb is not in contact with the ground during the...
Light-frame construction practices and materials have changed greatly
over the past 100 years. Contemporary research has focused on modern construction; thus, we know a great deal about the behavior of modern lightframe buildings under lateral forces. However, there are many light-frame buildings that were built prior to the introduction of...
This thesis develops a geology training manual for the Interpretation staff of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO) in southern Idaho. The manual will help the staff convey geologic principles to park visitors who are experiencing a landscape formed by volcanic processes. Basic geology and the most...
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RobertJ. Lillie
This thesis develops a geology training manual for the Interpretation
Heavy timber framing relies primarily on bracing to withstand lateral loads due to earthquakes and wind events. Bracing configurations in heavy timber framed buildings vary widely and include cross bracing, knee bracing, and other geometries. Many heavy timber frames constructed during colonial American times are still standing, exceeding the expected...
Friction dampers have been used successfully to dissipate seismic
energy in steel and concrete structures. The application is new to timber
structures. The objectives of this research were to design a slotted bolted
connection (SBC) and evaluate its potential as a passive energy damper in
timber brace.
The research was...
The goal of this study was to optimize a through-boring pattern that will provide adequate preservative penetration while minimizing the reduction in overall pole bending strength. Hole spacing was developed using longitudinal and transverse chemical penetration data from previous studies. Finite element analysis was used as a preliminary assessment tool...
It is difficult to treat the heartwood of many wood species with liquid preservatives using conventional liquid processes. Supercritical fluids (SCF) used as carriers of preservatives to impregnate refractory wood species may be an attractive alternative to conventional liquid carriers. While SCF impregnation has many potential advantages, some wood species...
Several solar energy models exist, but all models must balance: computational runtime, light complexity, and model output volume. These models span the spectrum of simplistic global solar energy equation sets to complex light ray-tracing models. Spatiotemporally inaccurate representations of solar energy may cause compounding simulation effects and introduce unknown modeling...
Passive hydrophone technologies and a variety of acoustic methods are applied in
the deep-ocean and shallow water coastal environments of the northeast Pacific. A
catalog derived from U.S. Navy regional hydrophone array recordings of acoustic T- phases from seafloor earthquakes is examined, describing space/time patterns through
empirical orthogonal function analysis...
Two spectrally different species of holotryptophanase
were obtained from fluorescence and circular dichroism
measurements. One is predominant in solutions containing
certain enzyme activating monovalent cations while the
other predominates in solutions of various inhibiting monovalent
cations. Relative magnitudes of the cation sensitive
fluorescent intensity maxima or circular dichroism
maxima are...
The distribution of Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi was assessed in a high-desert stream in southeastern Oregon where beaver Castor canadensis are abundant. Longitudinal patterns of beaver ponds, habitat, temperature, and Lahontan cutthroat trout age group distribution were identified throughout Willow Creek. Three distinct stream segments were classified based...
Engineering analysis of heavy timber structures under dynamic loads
is generally lacking. Some literature suggests that heavy timber structures
are stiffer than expected, but popular engineering opinion is to the contrary.
In addition, prior research has shown that passive friction dampers can be
used in timber structures for the intended...
As a result of its atomic structure, carbon fiber produced from mesophase pitch
has a high electrical conductivity and high tensile strength. Others have used carbon fiber
as a resistive heating unit to accelerate matrix solidification in carbon fiber-polymer
matrix composites.
In this study, a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer...
A new carbohydrate-phenol based resorcinol resin
(CPR resin) was synthesized by end capping a known
carbohydrate-phenol based resole with resorcinol under
basic reaction conditions. Synthetic parameters, such as
duration of cook, pH, and the amount of resorcinol and
formaldehyde were varied to produce resins with molecular
weights (Mw) ranging from...
Recently, fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP lamina) have
been applied to glued-laminated (glulam) timber for the
purpose of improving bending strength and stiffness.
Initially, full length reinforcement using FRP lamina was
developed. However, the cost of FRP lamina is a significant
portion of the total cost of reinforced glulam. Therefore,
it is...
In recent years, log structures have been marketed as an alternative
to conventional light-frame wood structures. Log structures are constructed
using round timbers (or manufactured timbers) that are stacked vertically
and have interlocking corners. Thru-rods and lag screws are used to
provide inter-log connections. This project was conducted to evaluate...
Recreational impacts on the subalpine-alpine ecosystems of Mount Rainier National
Park have developed over the past century, and today pose a major problem for park
managers. Field data were collected during the summer of 1987 in the Paradise meadows
area in order to describe visitor impacts on social trails (trails...