Published October 1961. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Escherichia coli K12, UC41 (an auxotroph) and UC175 (a wild type)
were used to determine possible relationships between binding, uptake,
and respiration and minimum growth temperature.
Both E. coli strains had a minimum growth temperature of 8.0 C in
glucose minimal medium when cells were previously grown at 15 C....
This work explores the mechanical properties of single-phase niobium alloy C103 from room temperature to 600°C for the purpose of expanding safe uses of the material into new applications. The study utilizes a symmetrically notched triaxial tensile specimens to manipulate the internal stress field in order to observe the changes...
The three essays in this dissertation progressively answer the following questions: (a) How important are constraints? (b) Who benefits from removing constraints? (c) When does a constraint for a single market predominantly affect closely related markets? These questions are applied in the context of time, weather, and minimum wage constraints,...
Soil response and function were investigated following the adoption of an integrated reduced-tillage and cover-cropped vegetable system in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon. The experiment was conducted over three cropping seasons (2002-2004) at the Oregon State University Vegetable Research Farm (Corvallis, OR). The design was a randomized complete-block with...
The eastern South Pacific (ESP) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is a permanent hydrographic feature located directly off the coasts of northern Chile and Peru. The ESP OMZ reaches from coastal waters out to thousands of kilometers offshore, and can extend from the near surface to depths greater than 700 m....
With the advent of next generation reactor systems and new fuel designs, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has identified the need for the resumption of transient testing of nuclear fuels. The DOE has decided that the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is best suited...
A problem confronting the Corps of Engineers and other water resources planners in the Pacific Northwest is the prediction of anadromous fish enhancement benefits that would result from a proposed high dam project. These benefits are expected from augmenting natural streamflows with relatively cold reservoir withdrawals. The resulting increased streamflows...
Sea surface temperature variations along the entire U.S. East Coast from 1875 to 2007 are characterized using a collection of historical observations from lighthouses and lightships combined with recent buoy and shore-based measurements. Long-term coastal temperature trends are warming in the Gulf of Maine [1.0° ± 0.3°C (100 yr)⁻¹] and...
Average characteristics of subsidence inversions associated with
the Pacific High have only been documented for areas along the U.S.
West Coast and over the tropical eastern North Pacific Ocean. This
study, which is based on 3414 upper-air soundings for June through
September of 1964 and 1965, shows the average summer...
Oregon's minimum stream flow program is intended to protect
certain instream flow values by maintaining sufficient stream
flows to support aquatic life and to minimize pollution. The
increasing demand for consumptive uses of water, as well as certain
deficiencies in the laws, policies, and administration of the program,
bring into...
A series of 17 experiments was conducted to investigate the minimum
vitamin requirement and vitamin interrelationship for growth of
Coturnix coturnix japonica to two weeks of age using a glucose
monohydrate-isolated soybean protein diet.
The first phase involved two preliminary trials. The first trial
consisted of four treatments with the...
An analysis was conducted to estimate the minimum mesh
size for managing the common Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi)
fishery. Secondary objectives were to establish the
selective relationship between mesh size and fish length,
to examine growth patterns and related parameters, and to
estimate the critical age (or optimum size) at...
The purpose of the study was to develop guidelines for the
establishing and teaching of a home economics program within a
standard, non-laboratory classroom.
An opinionaire was developed and sent to 34 administrators of
small high schools and junior high schools in Oregon believed to have
no home economics programs...
Crystals are solid materials with periodic and symmetric molecular patterns. The structure of a crystalline solid determines its properties, making it essential to study its structures. From the principle of minimum energy, a crystal will choose a structure with the lowest free energy F = U – TS. At low...
The Middle Fork of the John Day River (MFJD) in Northeastern Oregon contains important spawning grounds for spring Chinook and summer steelhead of the Columbia River Basin. In the summer of 2008 phase one of a river restoration project was completed which included the addition of engineered log jams (ELJs)...
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the
maximum temperature is lower and the minimumtemperature is higher than the rest of
the river
The Elk River Basin drains 93 sq ml of steep forested terrain
on the west side of the Klamath Mountains in Southwest Oregon.
This river and its tributaries support a diverse and abundant
population of anadromous fish; a hatchery located at river mile 13
(km 21) supplements these native populations....
A case study examining the relationship between stream temperatures and the thermal environment through which streams flow was conducted on the headwaters of 4 tributaries of the Burnt River (Barney, Elk, Greenhorn, and Stevens Creeks) in northeastern Oregon during July through August 1998 and 1999. Barney Creek and Stevens Creek...
Nurseries are an important part of the agriculture industry of the United States. The nursery industry provides ornamental, forest, restoration and specialty products to many markets in N. America. The disease sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, has devastating environmental and economic impacts on forested land, the urban-forest interface,...
In comparison with solar radiation, the energy of geothermal
heat flowing through the sea bottom is extremely small; nevertheless,
this energy is not insignificant in the circulation of the bottom water.
Calculations indicate that in the deep basins of the South Atlantic the
water volume transport necessary to remove this...
The effects of aspect, canopy, elevation, and season both singly
and in combination on soil temperatures at 50 cm depths were
evaluated.
The objectives of the study were (i) to develop a standard procedure
for obtaining soil temperature data adequate to classify soils
at the family and great group levels,...
The WET-Temp (Watershed Evaluation Tool Temperature) model is designed to take advantage of spatially explicit datasets to predict stream temperature distribution. Datasets describing vegetation cover, stream network locations, elevation and stream discharge are utilized by WET-Temp to quantify geometric relationships between the sun, stream channel and riparian areas. These relationships...
One means of evaluating the temperature requirements of an
animal is to determine changes temperature causes in the uses and
losses of energy and materials in the food the animal consumes. To
develop energy budgets for cichlids (Cichlasoma bimaculatum) at different
temperatures (20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 C) data...
Reach defined analysis concentrated on the water temperature change that occurred in a stream/river segment over the course of one full diurnal cycle. Digital thermistors, data loggers and computer model development were utilized in reach analysis to link parameters of the stream system to a specific temperature change. The methodology...
Oregon water temperature standards were described by former Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber’s Office as “an important component of the water quality element of the Oregon Plan [for Salmon and Watersheds]”. In 1998, Governor Kitzhaber’s Office and the Oregon Legislature asked the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) to examine and review...
Petroleum mulch applied on the soil surface over a row of
planted seeds promotes a more rapid and a more uniform germination
of seeds, enhances elongation of seedlings and in some cases increases
the yield of the crop. The beneficial effects of petroleum
mulch have usually been attributed to increased...
In this report we describe a preliminary version of a temperature/conductivity profiler that combines the calibration accuracy of a CTD with the vertical resolution of a microstructure instrument and the ease of deployment of an XBT. We also describe the results of a test of this version on a month-long...
The vegetation surrounding a nest shades and insulates the incubating
bird in addition to concealing it. The vegetative material
that makes up a nest insulates the eggs from its warmer or cooler
surroundings. Since a Killdeer builds a stone-lined nest on barren
ground, both egg and adult are subject to...
YBa₂Cu₃0₇₋x was doped with In by a stoichiometrically exact substitution of
Y by In, doping levels ranging from 0% to 20%. Room temperature X-ray diffraction
measurements, Perturbed Angular Correlation spectroscopy using ¹¹¹Cd as nuclear
tracer at a variety of temperatures ranging from room temperature to 950°C and magnetic
flux exclusion...
A stream's temperature is a major factor in its ability to support
fish life and to be utilized for other beneficial purposes. The
approach most generally used for stream temperature prediction is
the Energy-Budget method, which involves the inventory of all the
energy entering and leaving the stream. A temperature...
Multiple use of waste heat from power plants may become an important consideration in their development and siting. The heat in the cooling water must be considered a resource to be managed for effective use. Soil warming was suggested as one of several possible productive uses for the heated discharges....
A case study was performed in 2000 and 2001 to characterize the thermal pattern of four morphologically similar eastern Oregon streams and to identify the physical and environmental factors that expressed significant and functionally viable relationships with stream temperature (daily maximum, daily minimum and daily rate of heating). Stream and...
Published July 1975. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Twenty sites of uniform topography and soil were select ed in the
montane forest found on the East flank of the Central Oregon Cascades.
These sites were located along a vegetational gradient composed of
five plant communities: Abies/Pachistima, Pinus/Ceanothus, Pinus
Arctostaphylos-Purshia, Pinus/Purshia/Festuca, and Juniperus
Festuca. An attempt was made to...
Water temperature in rivers and streams is an important factor for aquatic ecosystem health. Measurement of stream temperature has traditionally been accomplished by point temperature measurements, continuous point temperature loggers, and more recently, airborne remote sensing techniques such as Forward-Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) or Thermal Infrared Radiometry. While each of...
Distributed temperature data are used as input and
as calibration data for an energy based temperature model
of a first order stream in Luxembourg. A DTS (Distributed
Temperature Sensing) system with a fiber optic cable of
1500m was used to measure stream water temperature with
1m resolution each 2 min....
A calorimeter capable of measuring the heat capacity of 1 mg size samples from
4.2 to greater than 100 K has been designed, constructed, and tested. The sample is
bonded to the end of a 0.002 inch diameter, 0.5 cm long chromel-constantan
thermocouple (type E) and heated optically with a...
Historical forest harvesting practices were reviewed in the original Alsea Watershed Study where they found increased energy
loading to the stream and produced higher stream temperatures. This was an important early research site that led to the
development of contemporary forest management practices to protect water quality and fish habitat...
Utilization of zebrafish, Danio rerio, has steadily increased and its applications have expanded into numerous fields of science. Applying elevated temperatures (32°C to 37°C) to this organism has allowed researchers to conduct climate change, human cancer and infectious disease studies. Though zebrafish can be acclimated from the standard 28°C to...
The effects on the temperature microstructure of terrestrial heat flow and heat flow anomalies at the ocean floor are discussed on the basis of a simple heat diffusion model. The effects on the temperature microstructure of layering of the thermal properties of the ocean are investigated. This is done both...
The use of consumable -electrode arc melting as a production technology
is growing. An advantageous feature of the process is the avoidance of ingot
contamination by soluble crucible materials. This is accomplished by the
expedient of employing a chilled metal crucible. As might be expected, the
thermal balance under these...
Winters in north-temperate climates impose high
thermogenic demands upon small birds which are met by
seasonal acclimatization. This thesis investigates the
extent and mechanisms of seasonal acclimatization in darkeyed
juncos (Junco hyemalis) inhabiting western Oregon.
Although insulation is significantly increased in
winter, acclimatization is primarily metabolic. Increased
metabolism is required...
Many streams in eastern Oregon are listed as water quality impaired on the basis of water temperature. However, it is often difficult to predict water temperature for these streams even if there are no anthropogenic impacts. We measured air and water temperature and stream characteristics on three Type C and...
Two tributaries of the south fork of the Burnt River, near Unity Oregon were studied
during the summers of 2000 and 2001 to determine water heating and cooling
patterns. Hourly temperature data were recorded for air, water, and soil parameters
at four elevations 150m apart on Barney and Stevens Creeks....
A thermal infrared (TIR) camera is used to remotely sense the foliage temperature in a mountain valley. The foliage temperature is used as a proxy for air temperature and can be used to study and map the dynamics of the nocturnal, weak-wind boundary layer in this valley. All radiative flux...
Effects of thermal and electron beam (e-beam) processing on microbial inactivation and physichochemical properties of surimi and surimi seafood were investigated. Thermal-death-time (TDT) concept was used to model Staphylococcus aureus inactivation by heat and e-beam. Gurney-Lurie charts were used to estimate temperature during thermal processing of surimi seafood. Dose mapping...
Snowpack impacts and trends in precipitation regimes are investigated for the mountainous western United States from water years 1984–2016. The vast majority of snow trend studies utilize undifferentiated air temperature records, which do not segregate between days with and without precipitation and effectually dilute temperature trends relevant for snowpack monitoring....
High water temperatures in rivers have detrimental effects on riverine water quality and ecology. In this study, two river temperature models, within the agricultural watershed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), were investigated for their ability to simulate water temperatures accurately throughout the year. The original temperature model within...
Published March 1979. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
During clearcut logging, complete removal of the forest canopy and the shade it provides
to small streams can cause large increases in water temperature. Such increases in temperature can be prevented if buffer strips of vegetation are left along the stream to provide shade. The purposes of this paper are...
This dissertation explores one overarching question relevant to the
paleoclimate of the latest Pleistocene glacial cycle (approximately the last
130,000 years): “How did spatial and temporal evolution of ocean
temperature, both at the surface and interior, relate to other parts of the
climate system in the late Pleistocene?” Results from...
During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204, 80 in situ measurements of
subseafloor temperature were made; 68 of these showed good frictional
pulses on insertion and extraction from the seafloor and were used to
constrain the subsurface temperature. Considering uncertainties from
various sources, uncertainties in the in situ temperatures are estimated...
Low temperature noise measurements on junction field-effect
transistors tend to substantiate a theory of low frequency field-effect
transistor noise based on the presence of generation centers in the
gate-channel depletion region. Measurements of device noise voltage
versus temperature reveal pronounced maxima and minima over the
temperature range of 300° K...
We present a report on a new capability for low temperature microscopy of organic
optoelectronic semiconductor materials. We may now perform photoluminescence (PL) and
conductivity measurements as a function of temperature on a microscopic level.
Testing confirmed the setup's ability to support microscopic measurements at pressures
of 10^-6 Torr and...
The hyporheic zone influences the thermal regime of rivers, buffering temperature by storing and releasing heat over a range of timescales. We examined the relationship between hyporheic exchange and temperature along a 24-km reach of the lower Clackamas River, a large gravel-bed river in northwestern Oregon (median discharge = 75.7...
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buffers river temperature fluctuations, which could decrease maximum and minimumtemperature peaks (Fig
The hyporheic zone influences the thermal regime of rivers, buffering temperature by storing and releasing heat over a range of timescales. We examined the relationship between hyporheic exchange and temperature along a 24-km reach of the lower Clackamas River, a large gravel-bed river in northwestern Oregon (median discharge = 75.7...
An adiabatic calorimeter operating over the range 5 to 300 K has
been automated. Instrumentation includes computer controlled data
acquisition, a low-thermal emf multiplexer for switching low-level dc
signals, and automatic analog shield controls. Temperature
measurements are made with platinum and germanium resistance
thermometers, and the thermometer resistances are determined...
Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a forming process in which a fully clamped sheet is formed by a hemispherical ended tool that moves along a predefined 3D toolpath. The sheet is formed in a series of local deformations to reach its desired shape. Double Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF) includes...
Molecular dynamics is a technique in which the
trajectories of a group of particles are calculated as a
function of time by integrating the equations of motion. In
this thesis we study the use of molecular dynamics for atoms
in a crystal.
A model is introduced which describes interactions of...
Published April 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is a new
method of producing advanced ceramic materials and offers an
attractive alternative to conventional methods of materials
processing.
An experimental investigation was carried out to determine
the SHS reaction wave propagation speed in a vertical cylindrical
compact made from a mixture of titanium and...
This report is one of a series issued in cooperation with the Army Air Forces and the Bureau of Aeronautics under the supervision of the Aeronautical Board.
Current meters, moored during JOINT-I in the coastal upwelling area off Northwest Africa along 21°40'N measured current speed and direction, temperature and, in some cases, conductivity and pressure. In addition, surface buoy meterological stations were installed at some current meter strings to record wind speed and direction, as well as...
'Anjou' pears were sprayed with 2 concentrations of
CaCl₂ during fruit development and harvested at 70 N flesh
firmness. Pears were held at -1.1°, 5°, 10°, or 20°C for up to
100 days then ripened at 20°C for 11 days. Unexpectently,
fruits stored at 20°C lost firmness and chlorophyll after...
The H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the Cascades of
central Oregon provides a unique opportunity to study spatial
climate patterns on a relatively small scale. Historical
records at the 64 square-kilometer site provide a spatiallydense
30-year dataset. Thermal regimes at the H. J. Andrews
are generally known but the...
The major portion of Pacific whiting (PW) is commercialized in the form of frozen surimi. Alternative products for PW were investigated focusing on fresh surimi and texturized meat from PW mince. Fresh surimi is made without additives and kept refrigerated instead of frozen. Texturized meat is a meat-like product made...
Two thermal convection problems of geophysical interest are
examined, theoretically. First, convection in the earth's mantle is
treated on the basis of a one-dimensional 'strip model'. This model
results from further simplification of the well known 'Rayleigh model'.
For homogeneous, Newtonian fluids, the strip model yields results
similar to those...
The hypothesis is explored that lodgepole pine at the seedling emergence period is more resistant to low temperatures than ponderosa pine. Differential tolerance between species to low temperatures is then related to the prevalence of lodgepole pine in frost pocket areas in central Oregon to the exclusion of ponderosa pine....
Headwater streams are an integral part of the ecological health of the greater stream network as they provide valuable biological habitat, provide upwards to 95% of total in channel flow, while providing downstream reaches with important constituents such as sediment and woody debris. Small headwater streams are particularly susceptible to...
A replicated before–after-control-impact study was used to test effectiveness of Oregon’s (USA) riparian
protection measures at minimizing increases in summer stream temperature associated with timber harvest.
Sites were located on private and state forest land. Practices on private forests require riparian management
areas around fish-bearing streams; state forest’s prescriptions are...
