A model of an exhaust plume was developed and programmed
on a digital computer. The purpose of the model was to predict the
concentration and size distribution of ice particles produced from
automobile exhaust during arctic conditions. The model accounted
for the nucleation, growth, and freezing of the condensed water...
A high volume sampling system, employing Nuclepore filters and
designed for sampling particulate in the plumes from industrial
sources using a light aircraft, is described. The effluent of kraft
paper mills was sampled using this system and then analyzed by
electron microscopy.
Size distributions of particles were obtained at several...
Twelve days of microstructure measurements at the equator (140°W) in November 1984 showed a
surprisingly strong effect of both daily cycle of solar heating and wind on mixing in the upper ocean.
Because of limited variations in atmospheric forcing and currents during the experiment, processes in the
daily mixing cycle...
Model studies of two-dimensional, time-dependent, wind-forced, stratified downwelling circulation on the continental shelf have shown that the near-bottom offshore flow can develop time- and space-dependent fluctuations involving spatially periodic separation and reattachment of the bottom boundary layer and accompanying recirculation cells. Based primarily on the observation that the potential vorticity...
Measurements of inherent optical properties (IOP) were conducted over bottoms with different substrates by use
of a sampling package mounted on and operated by a SCUBA diver. It was found that in areas of low ambient
currents the distribution of IOP varies with bottom type in (1) its value relative...
Current and hydrographic observations from the Coastal Mixing and Optics experiment moored array, deployed from August 1996 through June 1997, are used to describe the velocity variability and evaluate the dynamics of circulation over the New England shelf on timescales ranging from a few days to several months. Subtidal (days...
Observations of turbulence, internal waves, and subinertial flow were made over a steep, corrugated continental slope off Virginia during May–June 1998. At semidiurnal frequencies, a convergence of low-mode, onshore energy flux is approximately balanced by a divergence of high-wavenumber offshore energy flux. This conversion occurs in a region where the...
The dynamics of lateral circulation in an idealized, straight estuary under varying stratification conditions is
investigated using a three-dimensional, hydrostatic, primitive equation model in order to determine the importance
of lateral circulation to the momentum budget within the estuary. For all model runs, lateral circulation is about
4 times as...
Barotropic tidal currents flowing over rough topography may be slowed by two bottom boundary–related processes: tangential stress of the bottom boundary layer, which is generally well represented by a quadratic drag law, and normal stress from bottom pressure, known as form drag. Form drag is rarely estimated from oceanic observations...
Closely spaced vertical profiles through the bottom boundary layer over a sloping continental shelf during relaxation from coastal upwelling reveal structure that is consistent with convectively driven mixing. Parcels of fluid were observed adjacent to the bottom that were warm (by several millikelvin) relative to fluid immediately above. On average,...
Velocity measurements from 17 deployments of moored acoustic Doppler current
profilers obtained during four summer upwelling seasons are used to describe the crossshelf
divergence of Ekman transport in the inner shelf off Oregon. For each deployment
the measured surface and bottom cross-shelf transports were compared with estimates
of the theoretical...
Numerical simulations of the Hudson River estuary using a terrain-following, three-dimensional
model (Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)) are compared with an
extensive set of time series and spatially resolved measurements over a 43 day period with
large variations in tidal forcing and river discharge. The model is particularly effective at...
Results from a model of wind-driven circulation are analyzed to study spatial and temporal variability in
the bottom mixed layer (BML) on the mid-Oregon shelf in summer 2001. The model assimilates acoustic
Doppler profiler velocities from two cross-shore lines of moorings 90 km apart to provide improved
accuracy of near-bottom...
Austral winter oceanographic measurements from the
northwest Australian continental shelf reveal salty water
forming evaporatively inshore, moving across the wide
shelf near the bottom and into the adjacent open ocean when
the shelf edge alongshore flow is equatorward. The salt
tongue is absent during more normal conditions, when the
poleward...
Austral winter oceanographic measurements from the northwest Australian continental shelf reveal salty water forming evaporatively inshore, moving across the wide shelf near the bottom and into the adjacent open ocean when the shelf edge alongshore flow is equatorward. The salt tongue is absent during more normal conditions, when the poleward...
The subtidal salt balance and the mechanisms driving the downgradient salt flux in the Hudson River estuary are investigated using measurements from a cross-channel mooring array of current meters, temperature and conductivity sensors, and cross-channel and along-estuary shipboard surveys obtained during the spring of 2002. Steady (subtidal) vertical shear dispersion,...
Inner-shelf circulation and mechanisms of across-shelf transport of water masses were examined using seven years of observations collected by the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO) program, a long-term monitoring effort along the central Oregon coast. Since 1998, moored velocity and hydrographic measurements have been obtained during the...