Legislation to reduce open field burning in grass seed fields within the Willamette valley of western Oregon changed established production practices. In the creeping grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) non-thermal management resulted in reduced yield. Studies were conducted to examine...
Three experiments were conducted (1) to develop and characterize
polyclonal antibodies against ovine adipocyte plasma membranes (APM),
(2) to evaluate the effect of administering the developed antibodies to
lambs on lamb growth and carcass characteristics, and (3) to investigate
the possibility of using the developed antibodies to identify antigenic
components...
Slugs are common pests of grass seed fields in western Oregon and the current focus of repeated, and often unsuccessful, efforts by growers to control them using molluscicides. Here we document rapid loss of molluscicidal bait pellets to earthworms and the resulting adverse effects on slug control. Three years of...
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimetabolite L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid (AMB) shares biological activities with 4-formylaminooxyvinylglycine, a related molecule produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6. We found that culture filtrates of a P.aeruginosa strain overproducing AMB weakly interfered with seed germination of the grassy weed Poa annua and strongly inhibited growth of Erwinia amylovora, the...
Agricultural practices, including tillage, fertilization, and residue management, can affect surface runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient cycling. These processes, in turn, may adversely affect (1) quality of aquatic resources as habitat for amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, (2) costs of treating surface and ground water to meet drinking water standards, and...
In the majority of management scenarios, it is imperative that beef replacement heifers calve at two years of age. In order to achieve this goal, yearling heifers should reach 60 to 65% of their mature body weight by 13 months of age. Feed costs represent 75 to 80% of the...
Published February 2009. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This publication incorporates 20 years of field research by OSU faculty comparing two grass-seed residue management methods: full straw load (straw is chopped and left on the field) and clean nonthermal (straw is baled and removed from the field). Comparison includes discussion of seed yield and quality, nutrient management considerations...
Open-field burning has been an effective, economical, and widespread method of post-harvest residue management in creeping red fescue seed production in the Willamette Valley since the late 1940s. However, the use of field burning has been legislatively restricted due to air quality and safety issues. The foliar-applied plant growth regulator...
The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin control plant development through a complex network of interactions which include synergistic, additive, and opposite effects whose mechanisms are unknown. The auxin-insensitive diageotropica (dgt) mutant provided a tool to dissect the relationship between auxin- and cytokinin-induced responses in tomato. Morphological, physiological, and molecular data support...
Symbiosis is the close and protracted interaction between organisms. The molecular interactions that occur during symbiosis are complex with multiple barriers that must be overcome. Many Gram-negative, host-associated bacteria use a type III secretion system to mediate associations with their eukaryotic hosts. This secretion system is a specialized apparatus for...
One important cool-season perennial grass seed crop grown in Oregon is fine fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Open-field burning has been used for many decades to manage pests, cycle nutrients, and stabilize yield, in fine fescue seed fields, especially as stands age. Legislative restrictions currently limit open-field burning to 6,070 hectares...
The objective of this study was to provide basic
information on the interaction of the bunt fungi
Tilletia caries and T. controversa with their host,
Triticum aestivum. Studies on the ability of haploid
strains to colonize wheat heads provided the basis for
experiments in which haploid strains were crossed in...
Chewings fescue [Festuca rubra L. subsp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman] is a desired turfgrass with dense sod forming capabilities and superior shade tolerance. Thermal residue management (open-field burning) has traditionally been used to remove post-harvest residue and maintain seed yield over the life of the stand. However, alternative non-thermal residue management...
Seedling root fluorescence (SRF) has been used as a test in the USA since 1941 to discriminate Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) from perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.). Generally, roots of Italian ryegrass fluorescece when exposed to ultraviolet light, while roots of perennial ryegrass do not. Presence of fluorescent seedlings...
Little is known about the virulence factors of Renibacterium
salmoninarum, the causative agent of salmonid bacterial kidney disease.
The predominant protein produced by R. salmoninarum in broth culture or
during infection is a 57/58 kDa protein (p57) which is associated with strain
virulence. In this study monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to...
Later maturing cultivars and increased ability to apply irrigation have led to inquiries by producers about proper irrigation management in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seed crops. The literature reveals little information about irrigation of perennial grass seed crops in general, and none about tall fescue in particular. Willamette Valley...
Published April 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Plant form is a compromise between resource gathering, reproduction and
the tolerance to physical demands of the abiotic and biotic environment. In
an agricultural field in addition to the natural factors causing stress, humans
also introduce physical and mechanical stresses, and chemical pesticides
into the environment. Many of these factors...
California brome and blue wildrye are important native grass species in the Pacific Northwest. However, both species have been reported to have low emergence under less than favorable field conditions. Seed coating is used to improve emergence and stand establishment of various crops. Three studies were carried out to determine...
A better understanding of grass seed crop and soil fertility is necessary to
improve fertilizer practices and preserving water quality in Willamette Valley,
Oregon, where 55% of land-use is in grass seed production that directly impacts
adjacent waterways containing native protected fish species. I determined tillage
effects on soil N...
Body size explains much of the interspecific variation in the physiology, behavior, and morphology of birds, such as metabolic rate, diet selection, intake rate, gut size, and bill size. Based on mass-specific metabolic requirements and relative energetic costs of activities, being a certain body size has both advantages and disadvantages....
The goal of the work in this dissertation was to identify alternative soil amendments to improve plant growth and yield during establishment of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium hybrid). Woody materials, such as sawdust and wood chips, have a high carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio and low water holding capacity, which can...
Gene expression profiles of the biological control strain Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 inhabiting pea seed surfaces were revealed using a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray. We identified genes expressed by Pf-5 under the control of two global regulators (GacA and RpoS) known to influence biological control and secondary metabolism. Transcript levels of 897...
Immunological memory has been shown to occur
unequivocally in mammals. However, controversy exists regarding
the capability of fish to elicite a memory response. This study
demonstrates that memory does occur
rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus rnykiss.
Trout injected with a T-dependent antigen,
trinitrophenylated keyhole-limpet hemocyanin, (TNP-KLH) (100
μg/fish) were able to produce...
Escalating demand for organic blueberries has driven a significant expansion of northern highbush blueberry (NHB; Vaccinium corymbosum L.) production area. This expansion is particularly pronounced in regions of the Pacific Northwest where native soil conditions are sub-optimal for NHB, notably east of the Cascade Mountain Range of Oregon and Washington,...
Wetland restoration mitigates effects of agricultural development on water quality, flooding, and habitat loss. Multi-objective optimization for wetland locations and sizes has not included objective functions for water quality, hydrology, and habitat in unison, limiting analysis of trade-offs among these ecosystem services. This study establishes two methods to improve the...