This study was undertaken to determine the sorts of polygalacturonases
present in the culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp. lycopersici, to purify and characterize these enzymes, and to
study any complexes that may form between polygalacturonase and
carbohydrate not degraded by the enzyme.
The polygalacturonase in culture filtrate consists...
An assay for fungicidal activity of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate
(Na-MDC) and its decomposition products was developed
in which there was a minimum influence due to the widely varying
physical properties of the compounds (i.e. vapor pressure and water
solubility). Decomposition of the toxicant during the tests was
measured and held to...
The fungitoxicity of acetone extracts from the xylem of Fusarium
wilt disease resistant tomato plants (cv. Jefferson) inoculated with Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was greatly influenced by environmental
factors. Extracts obtained from plants 1 h after watering were 4-times
more toxic than extracts from plants subjected to water stress...
This investigation was undertaken to determine 1) the effects
of various carbon sources in defined media on pectolytic enzyme production,
2) the effect of the incubation period on pectolytic enzyme
activity, and 3) the development of improved methods for the purification
and characterization of the polygalacturonases (PG) produced
by Fusarium...
Bioassays of acetone extracts from xylem tissue in tomato stems
and corresponding reductions in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
race 1 or 2 populations within the stems suggest that fungitoxic
materials within the xylem vessels of Bonny Best, Jefferson, and Marglobe
tomato cultivars initially kill a portion of the inoculum conidia....
The demand for new fungicides to control plant diseases has
led to experimentation with both previously used and newly developed
fungicides. Silver, an older but little used fungicide, was selected for
evaluation because of its high toxicity to microorganisms. Silver
nitrate and a silver electrolytic cell were tested as potential...
Influence of temperature and wood moisture content on
spore germination and colonization of Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga jnenziesii) heartwood by Poria carbonica
basidiospores and chlamydospores was studied. Both spore
types germinated and colonized wood at moisture contents
above the fiber saturation point, but not below.
Germination and wood colonization occurred at 22°C...
Previous research has shown that activated carbon is effective
in inactivating certain herbicides applied as a preemergence treatment.
Studies were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the
influence of various factors on the ability of activated carbon to
inactivate herbicides applied after carbon application. Field studies
were conducted to determine...
Douglas-fir utility poles are routinely air seasoned before
treatment with chemical preservatives. Basidiomycetous fungi invade
these poles and may cause strength loss during air seasoning or later
if treatment temperatures are insufficient to kill the decay fungi.
The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid test to asses...
The eighth annual report details continued progress on each of the five
objectives. In this year's report, Objectives II and III from previous
reports have been combined to reflect the similarity of each effort.
Improved fumigants: The previously established field trials continue to
demonstrate the superior performance of both chioropicrin...
Mycelial growth of Endothia parasitica was
stimulated by
relatively high concentrations of CuSO₄ in potato dextrose agar
medium (PDA).
Stimulation of E. parasitica by the high levels of
CuSO₄ and the relatively poor growth of this fungus on
standard culture
media suggested that stimulation might be due to
interaction of...
This study was initiated to determine the tolerance to copper
of Aspergillus niger, Stemphylium sarcinaeforme, Monilinia
fructicola and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Included
were strains of the latter two fungi that were induced to tolerate
relatively high levels of copper by continual culture on sublethal
levels of the toxicant....
Previous research has indicated several soil-applied herbicides
are more effective by exposure to emerging shoots than from
root uptake. Studies were conducted in the greenhouse and growth
chamber to investigate effects of herbicide placement in soil on
toxicity to emerging seedlings.
In these studies, an inch of treated soil was...
A small-scale test was developed to evaluate the ability of fungicides to control decay fungi established in wood. The test, which uses blocks 2.5 x 2.5 x 10 cm, tests the ability of a chemical to migrate from the middle of the block to control a previously established decay fungus,...
Fluorescence of adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil
has been detected at room temperature in neutral aqueous solution
using a digital signal accumulation technique and right angle fluorescence
detection from solutions with absorbances between 0. 4 and 0. 7.
The quantum yields are respectively 2.6 x 10⁻⁴, 3.0 x 10⁻⁴,...
Impact bending and breaking radius were used to measure loss in toughness caused by basidiomycetes isolated from wood. Small test pieces were used to accelerate testing. Wide differences were found among, and sometimes within, the 26 species tested. Brown-rot fungi tended to cause greater losses than white-rot fungi, but no...
The photolysis of the aqueous thymine system has been investigated
at 214 nm, 229 nm and 254 nm at room temperature. Products
of photolysis have been identified as hydrogen peroxide, 6-hydroxy-5-
hydroperoxy thymine and tentatively 5-hydroxy-6-hydroperoxy thymine.
These together with thymine loss, were determined quantitatively
under a variety of conditions....
The formation of cytosine hydroperoxide was detected in
aqueous cytosine solutions irradiated with Co-60 γ-rays at pH 2.
The nucleotide of cytosine, cytidylic acid, forms a hydroperoxide
which was detected in neutral solution. The stability of the hydroperoxides of cytosine, thymine, and their nucleotides was found to
be a function...
Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular
coccobacillus that primarily infects macrophages. The causative agent of tularemia,
this bacterium is considered among the most infectious organisms known, requiring
fewer than ten organisms to cause disease. Although ubiquitous in nature,
transmission to humans is rare but can occur via insect bites,...
Triphenylmethyl dye cyanides have been known to be sensitive to ultraviolet radiation since early in this century. Under appropriate conditions, exposure to uv leads to heteropolar fission of the C-CN bond (photoionization) and intense coloration due to dye formation. Thin homogeneous films of hexahydroxyethyl pararosaniline cyanide in a nylon matrix...
According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Tuberculosis Annual Report of 2014, from the 9 million cases worldwide, China has about 11% of these cases. Although the control of TB has improved over the years, China still has the second leading highest Tuberculosis epidemic in the world. Using literature reviews...
This seventh annual report outlines our continued progress on each of six
objectives.
Improved fumigants: We continue to evaluate previously established field
tests, which inlicate that chioropicrin continues to protect Douglas-fir poles
after 17 years and piling after 12 years. Vorlex treated poles are being
gradually recolonized by decay fungi,...
Evaluations of previously established field trials indicate that
chioropicrin and Vorlex continue to provide a diminishing level of protection to
Douglas-fir poles. Tests of solid methylisothiocyanate (MITC), now in their
thirteenth year, indicate that this chemical continues to prevent recolonization
of Douglas-fir poles by decay fungi. MITC appears to provide...
Evaluations of previously established field trials indicate that
chioropicrin, and Vorlex continue to provide protection to Douglas-fir poles,
although the degree of protection is diminishing. Reapplication of Vapam 18
years after the initial application eliminated fungi which had recolonized the
poles. Methylisothiocyanate (MITC) continues to protect Douglas-fir poles 12
years...
The Cooperative continues to actively
address a diverse array of issues related to
the effective use of wood utility poles.
The trials to evaluate the effectiveness of
MITC-Fume are now in their seventh year
and continue to show that methylisothiocyanate
(MITC) levels in MITC-Fume
treatments remain higher than comparable
metham...
Evaluation of previously established
field trials of remedial internal treatments
demonstrates the continued performance of
chioropicrin, Vorlex, and
methylisothiocyanate (MITC). While the
degree of protection afforded by these
treatments has declined with time, residual
fungitoxic levels remain in many tests.
Field trials of gelatin encapsulated MITC
indicate that gelatin had...
Evaluations of previously established field trials indicate that
chioropicrin, and Vorlex continue to provide protection to Douglas-fir poles,
although the degree of protection is diminishing. Reapplication of Vapam 18
years after the initial application eliminated fungi which had recolonized the
poles. Methylisothiocyanate (MITC) continues to protect Douglas-fir poles 12
years...
Evaluation of previously established
field trials of internal remedial treatments
continues to verify the excellent long-term
protection afforded by these treatments.
Field trials with gell encapsulated
methylisothiocyanate (MITC) demonstrate
that gelatin does not interfere with
chemical release, nor is addition of
supplemental moisture required for release.
Field trials have been...
Previously established field trials of
MTTC-Fume continue to show that this
chemical remains in Douglas-fir and southern
pine poles at fungitoxic levels 5 years after
treatment. In general, increasing dosages
resulted in higher chemical levels in the poles.
All of the MITC-Fume treatments resulted in
higher residual M1TC levels than...
Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are polyunsaturated fatty acids required for proper embryonic development, specifically neurodevelopment. However, little is known regarding their conversion to other metabolites during embryogenesis. The oxidation of ARA gives rise to the biologically active eicosanoids and the oxidation of DHA gives rise to the...
Blackside dace, Rhinichthys osculus nubilus (GIRARD), were
collected from ten western Oregon streams and examined for variation
among morphological and meristic characters. Several characters were
observed to vary between populations studied. Number of vertebrae,
number of scales in and above the lateral line, length of snout, and
depth of body...
The F13L protein is the major envelope antigen of vaccinia virus, the prototypic member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. F13L is 372 residues in length and is essential for the formation of wrapped forms of virus. F13L contains a number of potential functional domains including a palmitylation site, a phospholipase domain...
Vaccinia virus is the prototypic member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It undergoes a complex replication process where a key step in the transition from immature virion to intracellular mature virion is the cleavage of the major core protein precursors. The product of the I7L open reading frame (ORF) is a...
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic viral disease native to the African continent. Outbreaks tend to occur in the wet seasons, and can affect numerous mammalian species including African buffalo. It is debated how the virus survives the inter-epidemic period when it is not detected in mammalian populations,...
Published June 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Some kinetics of the oxygen requirement of amine oxidases
have been investigated using bovine plasma monoamine oxidase (PAO)
and pea seedling diamine oxidase (DAO). A system is described for
studying enzyme reactions under controlled oxygen tension and in an
O₂-free N₂ atmosphere.
O₂ Km values were determined at two different...
Published January 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Cell-based biosensors are function-based detectors that use the physiological response of a living cell to sense biologically stimulating agents. This emerging technology extends the application of current detection methods by reporting on the toxicity of a sample and the potential to cause disease. Previously, Betta splendens erythrophores have been described...
Even after 140 years without a fire, mixed-conifer forest such as Teakettle’s Experimental Forest has a
distinct patch pattern and complex structure. Researcher Malcolm North and colleagues examined the
structure and function of these ecosystems and their response to widely used restoration treatments.
Collectively the studies found fire was essential...