Accurately describing drag and virtual mass forces in two-phase flows is crucial for high fidelity modeling of nuclear thermal hydraulic safety systems. This study compares existing drag coefficient correlations commonly used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications for air bubbles to experimental data collected for ellipsoidal air bubbles of varying...
Balance is the ability to establish an equilibrium between the body and its environment. Balance is a key component which is associated with a variety of movements and postural control. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulties with movement and postural control due to physical and neurological limitations. The purpose...
Numerical results are presented using a higher-order pseudo-spectral method in order to solve the Zakharov-Craig-Sulem formulation of the Euler model. We study the effects of variable bathymetry on weakly-dispersive, weakly-nonlinear, shallow water waves. Improved predictions on wave amplitude and shoaling behavior are developed by analytical means in the context of...
Treating durable, second-growth or plantation-grown material with supplemental chemicals could improve durability while enhancing the uniformity of the products. To test this hypothesis, the effect of two candidate biocide treatments on the durability of teak, redwood, and western redcedar was assessed in a ground proximity field test established in Hawaii....
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Jeffrey J. Morrell
Natural durability is generally lower in wood coming from second-growth
Heavy metals, such as copper, zinc, and cadmium, are ubiquitous in stormwater and potentially toxic to aquatic organisms at low concentrations. Removal of heavy metals contamination by conventional treatment is expensive and does not always reduce metals concentrations low enough to ensure safety of all aquatic species. This research seeks...
The adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) to the surfaces of natural colloids
and engineered nanoparticles is known to strongly influence, and in some cases control,
their surface properties and aggregation behavior. As a result, the understanding of
nanoparticle fate, transport and toxicity in natural systems must include a fundamental...
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Jeffrey A. Nason
The adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) to the surfaces of
Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important due to their low environmental impact and limitless nature. This thesis explores the design of a 250 mW permanent magnet linear generator wave energy converter to power ocean sensors. While many wave energy converters exist, this is a unique application because the wave...
It has been previously suggested that the walking pattern of individuals with Down syndrome is inefficient. This is thought to result from increased instability, particularly in the medio-lateral direction, due to the characteristic joint laxity and muscle hypotonia of individuals with DS. Therefore, this work was an attempt to gain...
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Jeffrey A. McCubbin
It has been previously suggested that the walking pattern of
The purpose of this study was to determine if a 5-month
progressive-resistance exercise program would affect measures
of activities of daily living (ADLs) and functional stability
in elderly women. All subjects were ambulatory women, 80 to
93 years old, who lived in assisted-care facilities. Eight
exercise and 7 control subjects...
Pseudomonas syringae are plant pathogenic bacteria that cause disease by rapidly multiplying within the aboveground tissues of host plants. Growth of P. syringae within plant host tissues requires the disarmament of host immune defenses that limit microbial growth. To combat host defenses, P. syringae deploys a type III secretion system...
Copper migration from treated wood has created concerns within the
environmental community because of the potential effects of this heavy
metal on aquatic organisms. Migration can be limited, to some extent, by
more controlled treatments and by post-treatment processing, but these
actions cannot completely overcome the problem. An alternative approach...
The fungi that cause mold and stain of freshly sawn lumber result in millions of dollars in losses to the forest products industry. Stain and mold are typically prevented by either kiln drying or by application of a topical fungicide. While these treatments are effective, kiln drying is costly and...
Mariner 9 and Viking spacecraft observations during the 1970's have provided
evidence for planetary-scale wave-like disturbances in the Mars atmosphere. It has
been suggested that possible sources of the wave activity are dynamical instabilities
(e.g., barotropic and/or baroclinic instabilities). An other candidate source is forced,
quasi-stationary planetary waves. In connection...
Resistance training is widely prescribed for rehabilitation of injuries and as a method to improve athletic performance. It is accepted that resistance training increases the maximal force production of whole muscle and it has been suggested that the velocity of shortening can increase as well. However, little is known about...
Postmenopausat women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been reported to be stronger when compared to women who are not using HRT. The first goal of this study was to investigate whether muscle morphology was altered in women who use HRT when compared to women who do not use HAT....
Boron and boron compounds have been long used for pressure treatment, dip-diffusion, and remedial treatments of wood because of their proven efficacy against fungi and insects. These materials are especially attractive because their high water solubility promotes deeper penetration into wood. Other useful properties of boron include its neutral pH,...
In the realms of psychology and sociology two new theoretical models have arisen to describe the forces influencing altruistic human behavior. The first is the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis (EAH), by C.D. Batson. The second is the Conceptual Continuum of Altruism (CCA), by K.R. Monroe. Both models have proven to be highly...
The sustainable use of wood for rail ties requires chemical treatment to increase service life and maintain structural integrity. Treatment can only be applied after lengthy air-seasoning to reduce moisture content in wood, but seasoning leaves ties exposed to attack by decay fungi for up to a year. One factor...
Plasmid transformation of chlamydiae has created new opportunities to investigate host–microbe interactions during chlamydial infections; however, there are still limitations. Plasmid transformation requires a replicon derived from the native Chlamydia plasmid, and these transformations are species-specific. We explored the utility of a broad host-range plasmid, pBBR1MCS-4, to transform chlamydiae, with...
Detection and treatment of bacterial kidney disease (BKD)
was investigated. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the
quantitative, fluorescent antibody technique (QFAT) that is used
to detect, identify, and quantify both typical and 'bar form'
Renibacterium salmoninarum cells. Smears of kidney tissue from
naturally and artificially infected salmonids, both with and...
Contiential margins on plate boundaries are complex systems with morphologies and characteristics dictated by the interplay of sediment deposition and erosion, tectonic faulting, folding, and strong ground motion generating mass wasting events. With ever increasing advances in high-resolution remote sensing techniques these systems are increasingly becoming illuminated.
A ~120 km...
Riparian zones of Pacific Northwest forests have high species diversity and abundance and act as an important interface between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, riparian zones comprise a significant portion of the total buffer zone established during commercial forest production to protect aquatic ecosystems from adjacent management activities....
Worldwide measurements of nearly 130C3 species covering all
major plant functional types are analysed in conjunction with
model simulations to determine the effects of mesophyll
conductance (gm) on photosynthetic parameters and their
relationships estimated from A/Ci curves. We find that an
assumption of infinite gm results in up to 75%...
Worldwide measurements of nearly 130C3 species covering all
major plant functional types are analysed in conjunction with
model simulations to determine the effects of mesophyll
conductance (gm) on photosynthetic parameters and their
relationships estimated from A/Ci curves. We find that an
assumption of infinite gm results in up to 75%...
Ecological restoration programs often attempt to maintain or enhance ecosystem services (ES), but fine-scale maps of multiple ES are rarely available to support prioritization among potential projects. Here we use agency reports, citizen science, and social media as data sources to quantify the spatial distribution of five recreational elements of...
Worldwide measurements of nearly 130C3 species covering all major plant functional types are analysed in conjunction with model simulations to determine the effects of mesophyll conductance (gm) on photosynthetic parameters and their relationships estimated from A/Ci curves. We find that an assumption of infinite gm results in up to 75%...
Hallmarks of aging include the accumulation of aberrant proteins and a lower resistance to stresses. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions to fold proteins and possesses unique stress sensing pathways, the central hypothesis of this dissertation is that the ER is a target of cellular aging and significantly underlies these...
Sensor networks are revolutionizing environmental monitoring by producing massive quantities of data that are being made publically available in near real time. These data streams pose a challenge for ecologists because traditional approaches to quality assurance and quality control are no longer practical when confronted with the size of these...
School Physical Education programs provide key opportunities to promote lifetime physical activity (PA) to students, while at the same time students can build a sense of enjoyment. The purpose of this study first sought to determine the effects of varying instructional approaches on the enjoyment and PA levels of students...
This thesis examined the identity transitions that occurred prior to enrollment at a predominantly, White, large, public research university and after completing at least one year of college for students who identify as multiracial. As a secondary purpose, this thesis also examined whether these students sought support through groups that...
Tests were conducted to determine the effect of ACZA composition on fixation and the roles of adsorption and precipitation in fixation. The sites of copper and zinc adsorption within the treated wood and the bonding environment of adsorbed copper were also examined. The results generally support the finding that arsenic...
The ability of 15 bacterial and fungal isolates to inhibit fungal stain of ponderosa pine sapwood was studied on small wood samples exposed in a moist environment. Several isolates including Bacillus subtilis were capable of inhibiting fungal stain although the protective effect was lost upon prolonged exposure. More detailed evaluations...
Development of micro air vehicles has led to a strong interest in the biomechanics of flapping fliers such as bats, birds, and insects, due to their ability to perform extreme unsteady maneuvers and fly in confined spaces. Determining the methods and mechanisms used by these fliers is a valuable source...
Fluorinated alkyl substances, which can be persistent, toxic, and
bioaccumulative, have been quantitated in many densely populated and
remote regions, including in air, surface waters, groundwater, and biota;
however, little is known about their transport or behavior in the environment.
Wastewater effluent is one of the principal routes for introducing...
This paper presents a methodology for performing complex wavenumber ray tracing in which both wave trajectory and amplitude are calculated. This ray-tracing framework is first derived using a scaling in which the imaginary wavenumber component is assumed to be much smaller than the real wavenumber component. The approach, based on...
Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc) is an epiphytic, plant pathogenic bacterium that causes the disease bacterial blight of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). Infection with Xhc can result in blighting of leaves and umbels and reduce quality and yield of carrot seed crops. Carrot production in the United States approaches...
For a key season in the annual water cycle (L[subscript s]~120°) a mesoscale model is used to study atmospheric water vapor and water ice clouds in the northern polar region of Mars. Model results at high-resolution (15 km) allow the examination of various mesoscale aspects of the circulation in this...
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a necrotrophic fungus causal to the disease tan spot of wheat, whose contribution to crop loss has increased significantly during the last few decades. Pathogenicity by this fungus is attributed to the production of host-selective toxins ( HST), which are recognized by their host in a genotype-specific...
In this three-essay dissertation I explore how CEOs’ self-serving motivation, specifically driven by their relative pay standing and celebrity status, is useful for advancing the understanding of executive behavior and strategic decision-making. In the first essay, focusing on CEOs’ motivation to reduce the dissonance caused by pay inequity, I examine...
This study was to determine if an increase of PaC0₂, after breath-holding prior to full inspiration, could enable a person to reach the same FVC measured on land while submerged. Another purpose of this study was to explore the difference in Db and %BF between HW at RV, TLC and...
Glutathione (GSH) is the predominant low molecular weight thiol antioxidant
in liver tissue. GSH plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular thiol redox
ratio as well as detoxification of electrophiles and xenobiotics. Aging leads to a significant decline (35%; P ≤ 0.05) in hepatocellular GSH levels. Using young (2-4...