Eight primary ambrosia fungi, Raffaelea canadensis, R.
sulcati, Ambrosiella brunnea, A. ferruginea, A. gnathotrichi, A.
hartigii, A. sulcati, and A. sulphurea (Fungi Imperfecti), were found
in association with 11 ambrosia beetle species (Scolytidae and Platypodidae).
The fungi are reported from new beetle symbionts, new
tree hosts, and/or increased geographical distribution....
Endophytes, foliage inhabiting fungi, are an unexplored source of fungal biodiversity and a potential resource for the production of bioactive natural products. In this research, leaf tissues from the species Arbutus menziesii, Rhododendron macrophyllum and the genus, Ilex and Salix were collected for the isolation of endophytic fungi. Fungal extracts...
"Moulds are minute vegetable organisms, without
chlorophyll, threadlike in structure, and reproduced
by spores.
The general appearance is a dense felt-like mass
of white threads, at first soft and fluffy, and when
fruiting are covered with blue, green, yellow, black or
brown spores. The threads are very small, some just...
The species composition of soil microfungal populations in-adjacent
stands of red alder, conifers, and mixed alder conifer correlated
strongly with the dominant vascular vegetation. A total of 92
species were isolated: 55 from the alder stand; 45 from the conifers;
and 46 from the mixed alder-conifer, with few species (16,...
The free amino acid content of the intracellular pools in higher
marine fungi was determined by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography.
The organisms investigated include:
Ascomycetes; Nais inornata, Leptosphaeria oraemaris, Corollospora
maritima, Haligena elaterophora, Halosphaeria mediosetigera, Halosphaeria
appendiculata, Halosphaeria quadriremis, Lignincola Laervis
and Remispora hamata, and Fungi Imperfecti; Zalerion maritimum and...
The thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophile was shown to contain three major β-glucosidases, a cell-bound cellobiase, a cellbound aryl-β-glucosidase and an extracellular aryl-β-glucosidase. The enzymes were partially purified and studied with respect to thermal stability and certain kinetic parameters. Two of the β-glucosidases are fairly stable at the maximum growth temperature...
Phyllopane microorganisms on the leaf surfaces of bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris L. ), hop (Humulus lupulus L. 'Fuggle-H'),
mint (Mentha piperita L. 'Mitcham') and tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill. ) has been observed by cultural methods. A leaf
impression method was used to examine both actively growing and
inactive propagules present on...
The mycosporins, formerly called P310's are secondary metabolites
of fungi closely associated with fungal reproductive processes that
require light. The structurally related iminomycosporins are found in
marine plants and animals and may also have functions related to
light. In this study, approaches toward the asymmetric synthesis of
the mycosporins are...
Tests were conducted to evaluate efficacy of dry heat (82.2°C for 10, 20, and 60 minutes) to reduce colonization by selected fungi within styroblock containers and residual seedling roots left in containers after seedling extraction. Dry heat alone was generally ineffective in significantly reducing fungal colonization. However, simply wetting container...
The chlamydospore is a survival spore produced by 35 of the 75 described species of Phytophthora. Phytophthora ramorum Werres, de Cock & Man in't Veld, the causal agent of Sudden Oak Death (SOD), produces abundant chlamydospores in artificial culture and plant tissue. The chlamydospore is likely the most important survival...
Natural products from plants, bacteria, and fungi play an important role in society. Over the last 35 years, natural products and their derivatives have inspired over 60% of all FDA approved small-molecule drugs, and are among the top prescribed therapeutics.1-2 Fleming’s discovery of the fungal antibiotic penicillin started the “Golden...
The mold resistance of fiberboard has been studied to provide a basis for recommendations on the relative merits of various types of commercial and of experimental fiberboards. The experimental fiberboards were prepared. by the Division of Pulp and, Paper of the Forest Products Laboratory.
Sodium polypectate (SPP) was added to an ethanol-streptomycin
agar (ESA) medium to determine if it would provide a selective
substrate for the growth of Verticillium dahliae and for isolation of
the fungus from soil and plant tissues in the presence of saprophytic
fungi. Sodium polypectate improved greatly the formation and...
The mycorrhizal rootlets of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) were extensively investigated. A jet-black mycorrhiza was found to be dominant on Douglas-fir rootlets. The fungal symbiont was identified as Cenococcum graniforme (Sow.) Ferd. and Winge. Two forms of mycorrhizae predominated on root systems of...
Studies were conducted on inoculation of container-grown plants
with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae.
Intraradical vesicles formed in colonized roots were found to
serve as propagules and significantly contribute to the infectivity
of these roots. A procedure was developed for separating
intraradical vesicles from roots; isolated intraradical vesicles were
able to colonize...
Experiments were conducted to determine both the influence of wood
moisture content on the fungitoxicity of methylisothiocyanate (MIT) to the
wood-decay fungus Poria carbonica, and the ability of gelatin to safely en-capsulate MIT for efficient treatment of wood products.
The fungitoxicity of MIT was studied by determining the product of...
The influence of atmospheric humidity and free water on germination and germ tube growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. was studied. Relative humidities (RH) were maintained inside insulated humidity chambers with sulfuric acid solutions of the appropriate concentrations. Insulation was necessary to reduce the incidence of condensation caused by...
Published June 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Wood degrading ability and tolerance to wood-preserving chemicals
of several fungi isolated from Douglas-fir utility poles were
investigated by the agar-stick and soil-block methods. Birch (Betula.
sp. ) wood sticks and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) wood blocks
were used.
The soil-block and agar-stick tests provided identical weight
loss rankings of...
Hysterangium, a genus of hypogeous Basidiomycotina (false truffles) is
commonly placed in the Hysterangiaceae and ascribed affinities to the Phallales. It
is a large genus among hypogeous taxa and is commonly collected in large
numbers in eastern and western North America, Australasia and Europe. Some
Hysterangium species are dominant components...
Cultural and developmental characteristics of a collection of
Anthracobia melaloma with a brown hymenium and a barred exterior
appearance were examined. It grows well in culture on CM and
CMMY agar media and has a growth rate of 17 mm in 18 hours. It is
heterothallic and produces asexual multinucleate...
Total length and biomass of fungal mycelium in the soil of a young Douglas-fir stand in the central Oregon Coast Range were estimated over 27 months with the agar-film technique. In a second study, phenology and taxonomy of hypogeous (belowground) sporocarps were studied over 32 months in a nearby, young...
The effects of mold level (Botrytis cinerea), processing method (fresh, individually quick frozen (IQF), frozen sugared sliced (FSS), freeze dried (FD), canned, and preserves), and maturity (underripe, normal, and overripe) and strawberry volatiles were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) using on-column entrainment of headspace volatiles in aqueous extracts. Computerized...
The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are commercially available as microbial control agents for the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the key root-feeding insect pest in Pacific Northwest small fruits and ornamentals. Understanding habitat selection is critical to improve the efficacy, persistence and cost of...
Fungi in the genus Tolypocladium are diverse in their host associations, but the predominant ecologies include parasites of the ectomycorrhizal genus Elaphomyces and pathogens of insects. The aim of this dissertation research is to examine the evolution of these fungi and their host associations. To accomplish this several lines of...
Fungi are the primary biological agents of wood deterioration and cause major economic losses of wood products globally. Wood in outdoor applications tends to remain wet for extended time periods, making it susceptible to fungal attack. Understanding the factors involved in fungal colonization of wood is important for developing improved...
Spalting fungi show strong potential as natural colorants on a variety of materials, specifically textiles and wood. Four species of spalting fungi are currently utilized in this manner: Scytalidium cuboideum, which produces a red pigment called draconin red, Scytalidium ganodermophthorum, that produces an unknown yellow pigment, and Chlorociboria aeruginosa and...
A major objection to lumber shipped green is that it may be damaged by wood-attacking fungi, either in transit or soon after it is put into use. The chance for such damage can be greatly decreased by dipping the lumber in a toxic solution at the sawmill.
Blue stain and...