In 2003 and 2004 vigor zones were delineated in two commercial vineyard
sites based on vine growth variation to assess fruit and wine phenolic chemistry. In
2004, the effects of shading on the accumulation of phenolic compounds were also
investigated. Model extractions were done from the shading experiment and the...
Color stability and mouth feel quality are two of the most important aspects of red wine quality. Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are responsible for these attributes and it has been shown that weather conditions during the growing season and grape maturity can effect these components in wine. However, investigations into proanthocyanidin...
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) containing A-type linkages, like those found in cranberry, have been implicated as beneficial phenolic compounds in human health, but much research is still required to better understand their activity fully. One major impediment to progress has been the existence of effective analytical methods for A-type PAC quantification. This...
Many climatic factors influence grape berry composition including nutrient status, water availability, biotic stress, sun exposure and temperature. Previous research examined the effects of many factors listed above and much progress has been made. It is often difficult, however, to separate effects that typically confound each other, such as sun...
Proanthocyanidins are a grape-derived phenolic class of compound that provide wine with bitterness and astringency. Because of this, proanthocyanidins are considered to be essential components of wine quality. Proanthocyanidins are localized in the seed, skin and stem tissue of the grape berry and the composition of proanthocyanidins will vary depending...
Representing the most common flavonoid consumed in the American diet, the flavanols and their polymeric condensation products, the proanthocyanidins, are regarded as functional ingredients in various beverages, whole and processed foods, herbal remedies and supplements. Their presence in food affects food quality parameters including astringency, bitterness, sourness, sweetness, salivary viscosity,...
Grapes (e.g. Vitis vinifera L.) are one of the more important fruit crops from an economic standpoint with world market values over 550 million US dollars in 2007 and 2008, second to apples (United States Department of Agriculture). While a satisfactory level of ripeness is of primary concern, the quality...
Red wine texture is a particularly important property of overall red wine quality
whose origin is not well understood. The overall goal of this study was to improve our
understanding of how chemical composition influences red wine texture. Unlike
previous studies that have used model systems to investigate how chemical...
Several solar energy models exist, but all models must balance: computational runtime, light complexity, and model output volume. These models span the spectrum of simplistic global solar energy equation sets to complex light ray-tracing models. Spatiotemporally inaccurate representations of solar energy may cause compounding simulation effects and introduce unknown modeling...
A sawmill is similar to other manufacturing enterprises when it comes to making decisions, scheduling production and meeting customer demands. In order to help sawmills achieve their goals, and because there is such a high degree of variability in the raw material used in this industry, computer simulation has proven...
Wave dispersion and fracture are phenomena that involve. mechanisms triggered at the scale of a material's internal structure. Experiments were performed with a candidate material to judge the hypothesis that wave dispersion measurements can be used to nondestructively predict fracture strength. Wood-based particleboard was chosen as the candidate material because...
Hydrogels have been attractive for use as a medium in porous flow studies,
but have always been limited in this role because of their poor mechanical properties.
This project analyzes and tests two recently developed hydrogels,
poly(methacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (PMM), and a heat-treated long chain
PVA hydrogel. Particle image velocimetry (PIV)...
The application of a flapping foil with prescribed trailing edge motion to energy harvesting in a low reduced frequency (k = fc/U∞) regime was experimentally studied. The effects of the phase and amplitude of the applied trailing edge motion upon time-variant power extraction capability have been measured and are interpreted....
This paper seeks to assess the merits of “Vote With Your Dollar” (VWYD) strategies for consumer and investor activism as a model for changing corporate behavior. A novel framework was constructed to group VWYD strategies and campaigns under shared attributes. To assess one such group, the boycott, the research gathered...
The energy harvesting performance of oscillating airfoils is studied using a discrete vortex model (DVM) with a leading-edge separation criterion. The airfoil undergoes a combined sinusoidal heaving and pitching motion at reduced frequencies of k = 0.06 − 0.16, with heaving amplitude of h0 = 0.5c, and pitching amplitude of...
Oscillating foil energy harvesters are analyzed at optimal reduced frequencies (𝑘=𝑓𝑐/𝑈) to determine how the leading edge radius of curvature affects leading edge separation. The understanding of leading edge separation and its behaviors is critical to predicting the transient lift profile of an airfoil. The separation is therefore also critical...
An experimental setup has been partially developed to investigate the impact of an actively controlled trailing edge component upon the energy harvesting performance of an oscillating airfoil in a pitching and heaving regime. While previous and current efforts have and continue to
function to characterize the performance of such a...
Vortical structures are the driving mechanism of transition to turbulence in porous media requiring adequately resolved observations along with analysis of the scale and energy of flow within the pores. Of specific interest is to understand the vortex dynamics, energy, and turbulent mixing and transport properties in the scale of...
The rising global trend to reduce dependence on fossil fuels has provided significant motivation toward the development of alternative energy conversion methods and new technologies to improve their efficiency. Recently, oscillating energy harvesters have shown promise as highly efficient and scalable turbines, which can be implemented in areas where traditional...
Internal waves and tides are a dominant source of current variability, and they are intermittent and hard to predict. Internal waves can have significant variability in alongshore structure. However, previous studies on internal waves have focused primarily on their cross-shore structure and propagation. For example, while alongshore-propagating superinertial internal tides...
Small rivers, such as those that line the Oregon coast, have been shown to deliver significant concentrations of suspended sediments and nutrients to estuaries and the coastal ocean during wet seasons during which winds are predominantly downwelling-favorable. The fate of the buoyant source water and of any suspended or dissolved...
There is a pressing need for Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) that are light, powerful, and efficient to perform military reconnaissance missions and search and rescue operations. These MAVs have length scales on the order of 10 cm, where traditional steady flight wing designs perform poorly. An alternative flight mechanism is...
The expansion of a gas within a piston-cylinder arrangement is studied in order to obtain a better understanding of the heat transfer which occurs during this process. While the situation of heat transfer during the expansion of a gas has received considerable attention, the process is still not very well...
Under adverse soil moisture conditions a critical water stress
or water potential develops in the plant and productivity is reduced,
or in extreme cases, terminated. Research to determine the soil
moisture status for maximum production of specific crops has been
conducted for decades. The results have done much to increase...
Experiments were carried out to study the movement of water and
halide anions in perched water tables or saturated zones in the soil
and upper rock mantle of eight different experimental sites located
on low hills near the western border of the Willamette Valley. At each
site the experimental procedure...
Five lines of turkeys with wide variation in body size, reciprocal
crosses between large and small lines, and backcrosses to the
large parent line were studied to determine the effect of body size
and crossbreeding on growth rate, conformation, feed consumption,
organ size, and other physiological traits.
Selection was made...
This paper examines the environmental factors influencing
the die-off and transport of fecal coliform bacteria
present in wastes applied to the land surface. These factors
are examined specifically for dairy waste management systems
and the net effect each system has on runoff water quality.
A model is developed that considers...
The indiscriminate release of fecal bacteria to the environment
can present a public health hazard when pathogenic species gain access
to drinking and recreational water sources. The extent of bacterial
contamination of surface and ground waters associated with animal
production units and waste application areas seems largely dependent
on the...
The effects of deficit irrigations and nitrogen rates on the yield and size distribution of 'Detroit Dark Red' table beets were investigated during 1985 and 1986. Beets were grown on a Chehalis silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed , mesic Cumulic Ultic Haploxeroll) (7.5 cm of available water per 30 cm...
A computer simulation program, which runs efficiently on
micro-computers, for the diffusion of point defects in the diamond
and zincblende structure was developed. The simulated point
defects comprise vacancies, host or impurity interstitials on any
of three types of interstitials sites, and impurities. Diffusion
via vacancy first and second neighbor...
In-situ vapor extraction is performed by applying a pressure differential across a hydrophobic porous membrane that forms a wall of the channel as a means of reducing the local quality of flow boiling within the channel. As the local quality is reduced, the heat transfer capability can be improve while...
Treatment efficiency in a constructed wetland is related in part to the amount of
time that a wastewater remains in the system. Current design methods idealize the system
as a plug flow reactor and use a "residence time" based solely on the volume of the cell
and the flow rate....
The classic treatment of diffusion by Einstein and by Chandrasekhar assumed
conservative boundary conditions; mobile species were neither created nor destroyed
on the sample surface. It is normal to assume that vacancies and host interstitials are
created and annihilated on incoherent interfaces or free surfaces; i.e., these are
assumed to...
Porous media flows are encountered in many natural and man-made systems such as gas adsorption, filtration, heat exchangers, combustion, catalytic reactors and groundwater hydrology. This study experimentally investigates these flows as function of pore Reynolds number, Re[subscript pore]. The pore Reynolds number is based on the porous bed hydraulic diameter,...
Dried cattail and bulrush plant pieces in mesh bags were incubated in the
constructed wetland treating Pope & Talbot pulp mill effluent. Two ponds
planted with each species and two depth ranges in each pond were chosen, to
determine decomposition rates. Bags were withdrawn and analyzed at five time
points...
This project explored the feasibility of using fungi in a constructed wetland
for the treatment of pulp mill effluent. The effluent is high in dissolved
lignins (some of which are chlorinated), which have proven very difficult to
degrade biologically. Mindful of work done with the (terrestrial) white rot
fungi, especially...
A total of 44 intermittent sand filter-septic systems, in five counties of Western
Oregon, were sampled over a three-month period during the summer of 1995. The sand
filter systems varied in age from 36 months up to 167 months (3 to 13.9 years). Liquid
samples were taken from the septic...
The self-interstitial defect is commonly regarded as important in regulating diffusion
in silicon. A review of the literature reveals that the scientific bases for invoking the
self-interstitial defect are weak, while an alternate defect, the vacancy cluster, has been
largely ignored. One argument which has been used to establish dominance...
Five unique but related studies were conducted at the Oregon State University Dairy
Wetland Treatment System (OSUDWTS), Corvallis, OR. The research site consisted of
six parallel wetland cells, which were built in 1992 and began receiving concentrated dairy
wastewater in the fall of 1993. Hydrologic, hydraulic, and water quality data...
A constructed wetland receiving pasture runoff from a dairy in Tillamook, OR was monitored during the winter of 1997-98 in order to estimate coliform treatment efficiency during winter high flow periods. Monitoring occurred during four sampling periods, each lasting 2 to 4 days. Samples were taken every two hours from...
The effects of the orifice geometry and the surface boundary condition on the heat transfer distribution to a flat surface of an impinging jet array were investigated. The jet array impinged normally onto the surface which was either isothermal or had a uniform heat flux. The experiments were performed for...
The characteristics of the free surface in an orifice driven by a periodic forcing function have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical study, two wall boundary condition cases were examined: 1) the radial velocity at the wall of the orifice is zero; and 2) the axial velocity...
The present study proposes to investigate the flow structure of different arrays of jets impinging on a flat surface enclosed by three walls, creating a channel that forces the air to leave in one preferential direction, generating a self sustain crossflow. Details of both the mean and some turbulence quantities...
A radiation model was developed for retrieving cloud visible optical depth,
droplet effective radius, and cloud top emission temperature using AVHRR satellite
observations at 0.63, 3.7, and 11 μm. The model was used to determine the sensitivity
of the retrieved properties to various approximations often employed in such retrievals.
Droplet...
Micro-fluid mixing is an important aspect of many of the various micro-fluidic systems used in biochemical production, biomedical industries, micro-energy systems and some electronic devices. Typically, because of size constraints and laminar flow conditions, different fluids may only have the opportunity to mix by diffusion, which is extremely rate limited....