Observations of sea surface temperature and wave height were made from a large, manned spar buoy (R/P FLIP) ~100 km off the coast of Baja California. Surface temperature was measured with a radiation thermometer which viewed a disc on the surface 12 cm in diameter. The instrument responded to frequencies...
Observations were made of downward solar radiation as a function of depth during an experiment in the North Pacific (35°N, 155°W). The irradiance meter employed was sensitive to solar radiation of wavelength 400–1000 nm arriving from above at a horizontal surface. Because of selective absorption of the short and long...
Leads act as windows through which solar radiation enters the upper ocean. Studies of the heat budget and ice melt require accurate parameterization of the albedo. Results from summertime measurements of albedo over leads show that under cloudy conditions the average albedo is 0.066 with a standard deviation of 0.007....
High-resolution turbulence simulations are used to examine the importance of melt
pond geometry in setting pond growth rates and albedo. Modeling the circulation of
water in melt ponds using large-eddy simulation shows that both convective and windforced
conditions generate well-mixed ponds, suggesting that stratification is not a
significant factor in...
A thermistor chain was towed 1400 km through the eastern North Pacific subtropical frontal zone in
January 1980. The observations resolve surface layer temperature features with horizontal wavelengths of
0.2-200 km and vertical scales of 10-70 m. The dominant features, which have horizontal wavelengths of
10-100 km, amplitudes of 0.2°-1.0°C,...
This data report contains observations made from R/P FLIP as part of the first process-oriented NORPAX (North Pacific Experiment) experiment. The experiment was named POLE to indicate that the horizontal extent of sampling was small compared to the largest scale investigated in NORPAX.
The part of the experiment reported here...
A thermistor chain was moored below the pack ice from 50–150 m in the Arctic Ocean for five days in 1981. Oscillations in temperature are attributed to the vertical dispalcement of internal waves. The spectral shape of isotherm dispalcement is consistent with the Garrett-Munk model and other internal wave observations,...
Twelve days of microstructure measurements at the equator (140°W) in November 1984 showed a
surprisingly strong effect of both the daily cycle of solar heating and wind on mixing in the upper ocean.
Because of limited variations in atmospheric forcing and currents during the experiment, processes in the
daily mixing...
A melt pond model is presented that predicts pond size and depth changes, given an
initial ice thickness field and representative surface fluxes. The model is based on the
assumption that as sea ice melts, fresh water builds up in the ice pore space and eventually
saturates the ice. Under...
Ice-ocean heat exchange in polar leads was examined using a large-eddy simulation
model coupled to a slab ice model. Simulations were performed using an idealized square
domain for a range of lead sizes, surface wind stress (0.05–0.1 N/m²), and lead
temperature/salinity profiles. Particular emphasis was placed on understanding the role...
Twelve days of microstructure measurements at the equator (140°W) in November 1984 showed a
surprisingly strong effect of both daily cycle of solar heating and wind on mixing in the upper ocean.
Because of limited variations in atmospheric forcing and currents during the experiment, processes in the
daily mixing cycle...
Internal gravity waves measured under the Arctic pack ice were strikingly different from measurements
at lower latitudes. The total wave energy, integrated over the internal wave frequency band, was lower by
a factor of 0.03-0.07, and the spectral slope at high frequency was nearly -1 in contrast to the -2...
Horizontal wave number spectra of temperature in the unstably stratified oceanic surface layer were determined from measurements on a bow boom at a depth of 2 m. Spectra were estimated in the wavelength band from 2 m to 2 km, normalized in accordance with Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, and averaged in...
Observations of temperature and pressure between 10 and 70 m depth
were taken with a towed thermistor chain during late August and early September, 1978, about 400 km northwest of Scotland as a part of the JASIN Experiment. The chain was usually towed at a speed of 3 mis around...
Current meter data from two sites were analyzed for near-inertial motions generated by storm during the ten-month period of the Ocean Storms Experiment in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The most striking feature of the inertial wave response to storms was the almost instantaneous generation of waves in the mixed layer,...
The effects of ice keels on the upper ocean are examined using a combination of
turbulence measurements and output from a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Two
cases are examined, one during the winter when the under-ice boundary layer is relatively
deep (~20 m) and near the freezing point and a...
Repeated microstructure transects across filaments in the coastal transition zone (CTZ) have
Revealed fundamental structure and dynamics of the complicated features. The measurements allow
detailed momentum and vorticity analyses and provide a possible explanations for structural
asymmetry of the fronts. Observations made between July 2 and July 23, 1988, along...
Vertical cross-sections of temperature in the Sargasso Sea and across
the Gulf Stream and a warm core ring were obtained with a towed thermistor
chain in September 1981. The thermistors were distributed in the upper
70 to 120 m during three runs. Salinity was also measured at two locations
on...
The FRONTS-80 experiment is a joint investigation supported by the
Office of Naval Research (ONR) as the lead agency with additional contributions
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
the National Space Administration (NASA), the U.S. Navy and the Canadian
Forces. Support from these agencies is gratefully acknowledged. We...
This report presents time series measurements of velocity, temperature and conductivity made during the Lead Experiment (LEADEX). These observations were made in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, in the vicinity of 73°N, 144°W, during March-April 1992. Month-long observations at the base camp were made between the surface and 400 m...
This report presents moored observations of velocity, temperature, and conductivity
made at the "0" Camp during CEAREX (Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment).
The measurements were made in the Arctic Ocean, near 83 ON and 5 ° to 11 °E, from
sensors suspended below the ice during March-April 1989.
This report presents observations from a single mooring of velocity, temperature, conductivity, and pressure, made as part of the Ocean Storms experiment, conducted in the N.E. Pacific Ocean (47° 25.4' N, 139° 17.8' W) from August 1987 to June 1988. The mooring contained a total of 14 current meters, 4...
Observations of temperature and pressure in the upper 100 m were taken with a towed thermistor chain in January 1980 north of Hawaii. The observations were taken as a part of a cooperative investigation of the North Pacific subtropical front entitled FRONTS-80. The chain was towed on four occasions over...
A strong, isolated October storm generated 0.35–0.7 m s⁻¹ inertial frequency currents in the 40-m deep mixed layer of a 300 km×300 km region of the northeast Pacific Ocean. The authors describe the evolution of these currents and the background flow in which they evolve for nearly a month following...
A new method is presented for estimating the vertical turbulent heat flux at the bottom of the daily mixed layer from the temperature data in the mixed layer and net solar irradiance data at the sea surface. We assume that fluctuations in the divergence of advective heat flux have longer...
Atmospheric surface layer turbulent statistics measured during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment 8 and 30 m above mean sea level are presented. The budget equations of turbulent kinetic energy, humility variance and temperature variance are examined. Within discussed limitations it is concluded that production equals dissipation in the case...
Several models now exist for predicting the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ϵ, in the oceanic thermocline as a function of the large-scale properties of the internal gravity wave field. These models are based on the transfer of energy toward smaller vertical scales by wave-wave interactions, and their predictions...
Wecoma cruise W8807A was conducted in late July and early August 1988 as part of the Coastal Transition Zone project. CTD observations were made over a standard grid in the coastal transition zone off northern California between 37°N and 39.5°N that was occupied repeatedly during June, July and August; this...
Measurements of a fresh surface anomaly (fresh lens) produced by rainfall during a westerly wind burst have been analyzed. The measurements were made in December 1992 as part of the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment in the western equatorial Pacific (2°S, 156°E). Measurements included radar estimates of rainfall, upper-ocean temperature (T),...
Meteorological and oceanographic data for Ocean Station Vessel N (30N, 14OW) are analyzed over 20 years (1951–70) and 7 years (1964–70), respectively. A rainfall estimate is constructed for the 20-year period. The yearly average rainfall is 23 cm, far less than existing estimates. Daily and seasonal variations are presented. Heat...
Observations of temperature between 20 and 40 m depth were made with a towed thermistor chain in the North Pacific (50N, 145 W) during the Mixed Layer Experiment (MILE). The chain was usually towed at a speed of 3 m/s around a 20km square on alternate days for a three-week...
This is the first data report of a program designed to study physical
processes in Oregon shelf waters by means of moored instrument arrays.
Various statistics and plots of smoothed data are presented for time
series of current velocity and of temperature. Data were collected in
July, August, September, and...
A 3°N to 3°S transect of the equator at 140°15'W was made in November 1984. Vertical profiles of temperature, conductivity and turbulent dissipation were obtained at approximately 1 km intervals. Contrary to previous results, we found no obvious peak in dissipation either at the equator or clearly associated with the...
Tests of a formula derived for the cutoff wave number of vertical temperature gradient spectra, using
data taken in the upper layers of the North Pacific, show encouraging results. To derive this formula, the
cutoff wave number is assumed to be the Batchelor wave number, with kinetic energy dissipation calculated...
Appearing in this issue of the Journal of Physical Oceanography are three papers that present new observations of a distinct, narrow band, and diurnally varying signal in temperature records obtained in the low Richardson number shear flow above the core of the equatorial undercurrent. Moored data suggest that the intrinsic...
Temperature was observed in the upper 80 m by moored thermistor chains at three locations in Rockall Channel west of Scotland. Isotherms were interpolated, and a 1‐week period of exceptionally energetic tidal oscillations was analyzed. The moored array (horizontal separations ranging from 6 to 20 km) was used as an...
High correlations between turbulent dissipation rates and high-wavenumber internal waves and the high values of turbulent dissipation associated with internal wave activity suggest that internal waves are the main direct source of mixing in the thermocline above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent. An extensive dataset obtained using a microstructure...
In the low Richardson number shear flow above the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent, a single vertical microstructure profile intersected the overturning crest of a packet of high horizontal wavenumber waves. The observed dissipation rates within the overturning wave were so high that if they were representative of the volume-averaged rate, the...
Moored temperature observations were obtained at an array of buoys in the North Atlantic (59° 00.2'-59°10.7'N, 12°27.4'-12°33.6'W) during the Joint Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (JASIN) of 1978. Observations were taken at 10-minute intervals by use of thermistors at 21 depths ranging from 4.5 m to 81.5 m. Plots of temperature as...
In November-December 1984 we carried out an intensive 12-day upper ocean sampling program on
the equator at 140°W as part of the Tropic Heat Experiment. From our observations we constructed
hourly averaged profiles of temperature, salinity, σ₁, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, and horizontal
velocity. These data were used to...
From a comprehensive set of upper ocean measurements made during a moderate El Niño in boreal spring 1987, we reassess the role of turbulence in transporting momentum vertically at the equator. An examination of the terms in the vertically integrated zonal momentum equations indicates that on short time scales the...
Data from an array of bottom pressure gauges and a string of current meters in the vicinity of 47°N,
139°W, are used to examine the deep-ocean variability forced by ocean surface wind stress curl from
August 1987 to June 1988. Bottom geostrophic currents are computed from the pressure gauge array,...
‘Sacajawea’ (OSU 540.130) was developed and evaluated at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and was released in February 2006. Compared to ‘Barcelona,’ ‘Sacajawea’ is a slightly smaller tree but has a higher yield efficiency, a higher percent kernel, fewer kernel defects, and smaller nuts. Nuts mature and fall free of...
"'Yamhill' (OSU 542.102) was developed and evaluated by the hazelnut breeding program at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and was released in January 2008. Trees of 'Yamhill' are completely resistant to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. Compared to 'Barcelona', trees of 'Yamhill' are smaller...
This publication includes tables that summarize characteristics of the main hazelnut varieties produced in the United States, lists varieties' susceptibility to eastern filbert blight, and shows varieties' compatibility with each other for pollination.
Traffic simulators are often utilized when researching turfgrass wear tolerance and recovery. However, the availability of a durable traffic simulator capable of producing dynamic force is limited. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to: 1) evaluate a novel traffic simulator with improved durability and capable of producing dynamic force...