We report on physical mechanisms behind the temperature-dependent optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and photoconductivity in spin-coated films of a functionalized anthradithiophene (ADT) derivative, ADT-triethylsilylethynyl (TES)-F, and its composites with C₆₀ and another ADT derivative, ADT-TIPS-CN. Measurements of absorption and PL spectra, PL lifetimes, and transient photocurrent were performed at temperatures...
Discussions of ecopoetics often seek to investigate how poetics as a form can be rendered more ecological, often in contrast to nature poetry. These conversations tend to concentrate on this generic contrast and the formal qualities of an ecological poetics. Ecopoetics as a field emerged largely as a response to...
This dissertation outlines two approaches for improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of photovoltaic energy generation. First, the structures of known binary copper and iron compounds are used to choose the promising compositions Fe₂XS₄ (X = Si, Ge), Cu₃TaQ₄ (Q = Se, Te), and BaCuQ'F (Q' = S, Se,...
Fire-prone landscapes are not well studied as coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) and present many challenges
for understanding and promoting adaptive behaviors and institutions. Here, we explore how heterogeneity, feedbacks, and external
drivers in this type of natural hazard system can lead to complexity and can limit the development...
We report on the effect of various guest molecules added to a functionalized anthradithiophene (ADT) host on photoexcited charge carrier dynamics in solution-deposited thin films, from ~100 ps to >100 μs after photoexcitation with 100 fs laser pulses. An addition of 2 and 5 wt % of C60 to a...
Disasters result from hazards affecting vulnerable people. Most disasters research by anthropologists focuses on vulnerability; this article focuses on natural hazards. We use the case of wildfire mitigation on United States Forest Service lands in the northwestern United States to examine social, political, and economic variables at multiple scales that...
In situ photoemission spectroscopy experiments are used to characterize the interface between ZnTe and the wide band gap p-type semiconductor BaCuSeF. The contact is characterized by a null valence-band offset, a large conduction-band offset, and a chemically graded interface. By applying the transitivity rule for band offset and on the...
BaCuChF (Ch=S,Se,Te) surfaces and BaCuSeF interfaces with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. BaCuChF compounds oxidize when exposed to ambient atmosphere. Se capping layers were studied as a means to produce representative surfaces for photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. Decapped BaCuSeF surfaces remain O-free and C-free when the Se layer...
In this thesis we construct compatible discretizations of Maxwell's equations. We use the term compatible to describe numerical methods for Maxwell's equations which obey many properties of vector Calculus in a discrete setting. Compatible discretizations preserve the exterior Calculus ensuring that the divergence of the curl and the curl of...
Certain chlorinated insecticides can be identified by electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic (EC-GLC) analysis of the prepared sample before and after treatment with ultraviolet irradiation, Upon U.V. treatment, characteristic degradation products arise from the insecticides investigated. Comparison of the degradation pattern obtained by EC-GLC of unknown and authentic insecticides provides an...
The reason for the initial rise in atmospheric
CO₂ during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent
hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such
as shifts in midlatitude westerly winds. Coeval changes in
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are
poorly quantified, and their relation to the CO₂ increase is
not...
The reason for the initial rise in atmospheric
CO₂ during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent
hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such
as shifts in midlatitude westerly winds. Coeval changes in
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are
poorly quantified, and their relation to the CO₂ increase is
not...
Full Text:
atmospheric CO2 rise inferred from carbon isotopes (δ
13C)
A. Schmittner1 and D. C. Lund2
1College of Earth
Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal
mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component
of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribution
of energy flux out of the barotropic tide is determined
using high resolution bathymetry. This shifts the levels of
mixing higher up in the...
Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal
mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component
of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribution
of energy flux out of the barotropic tide is determined
using high resolution bathymetry. This shifts the levels of
mixing higher up in the...
Full Text:
mixing for ocean models
A. Schmittner and G. D. Egbert
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
The reason for the initial rise in atmospheric
CO₂ during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent
hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such
as shifts in midlatitude westerly winds. Coeval changes in
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are
poorly quantified, and their relation to the CO₂ increase is
not...
Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal
mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component
of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribution
of energy flux out of the barotropic tide is determined
using high resolution bathymetry. This shifts the levels of
mixing higher up in the...
Patterns of β diversity are commonly used to infer underlying ecological processes. In this study, we examined the effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on different metrics of β diversity, i.e., β diversity measured as turnover and as variation. For β diversity as turnover, a monotonic species spatial turnover...
As fisheries management shifts to an ecosystem-based approach, understanding energy pathways and trophic relationships in the Northern California Current (NCC) will become increasingly important for predictive modeling and understanding ecosystem response to changing ocean conditions. In the NCC, pelagic forage fishes are a critical link between seasonal and interannual variation...
This chapter synthesizes more than two decades of interdisciplinary scholarship by the coauthors related to fishing families and coastal communities. Amid the contemporary narrative of increasing coastal storms, erosion, and other physical hazards associated with climate and related coastal hazards facing coastal communities, we find myriad ways that Oregon fishing...
The fisheries sector faces the challenge of determining effective management, in an ecosystem perspective in order to mitigate the Global Warming Potential (GWP).The main focus of the study was to analyze the resource utilization in the value chain of Maldives fish processing and the environmental performances of the steps involved....
The fisheries sector is a vital oceanic resource that build the core of the Blue Economy. However the realization of the full potential of the Blue Economy calls the requirement of effective inclusion of all societal groups, especially women whose contribution is not well acknowledged. The study focused to investigate...
We present velocity observations from a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) on R/V Wecoma during cruise W0105c (23 May to 13 June 2001). The cruise was a component (Survey I) of the Coastal Ocean Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST) experiment. The ADCP was an RD Instruments hull-mounted 153.6-kHz narrowband...
Subsurface temperature data and surface meteorological data are analyzed from thermistor chain moorings deployed near 50°N, 140°W during the Storm Transfer and Response Experiment (STREX). The upper-ocean heat and potential energy (PE) contents to 90 m are examined for an 18-day period and their changes compared to the sources and...
Riverine plumes in nearshore coastal waters are areas of enhanced production and accumulation of prey and may increase availability of food during a critical period of juvenile salmon survival and hence serve as a nursery area for these juveniles. Physical and biological sampling was conducted along a cross-shelf transect through...
The trophic habits, size and condition of yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caught early in their marine residence were examined during 19 survey years (1981–1985; 1998–2011). Juvenile salmon consumed distinct highly piscivorous diets in cold and warm ocean regimes with major differences between ocean regimes driven by changes in consumption...
Long-period global-scale electromagnetic induction studies of deep Earth conductivity are based almost exclusively on magnetovariational methods and require accurate models of external source spatial structure. We describe approaches to inverting for both the external sources and three-dimensional (3-D) conductivity variations and apply these methods to long-period (T≥1.2 days) geomagnetic observatory...
With water vapor and clouds expected to effect significant feedbacks on climate, moisture transport through convective processes has important implications for future temperature change. The precipitation efficiency—the ratio of the rates at which precipitation and condensation form (e = P/C)—is useful for characterizing how much boundary layer moisture recycles through precipitation versus...
The physiological response of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to prolonged heat stress was examined by exposing replicated groups of fish to 25 consecutive days at 15°C, 23°C, and 25°C followed by a 55 day recovery period at 15°C. We found that at temperatures ≥25°C, steelhead consumed significantly less food per...
The exact frequencies and mode shapes of flexural vibration of a
rotating beam are found. The beam has a linear mass and stiffness
distribution.
With certain simplifying assumptions, the kinetic and potential
energies of the rotating beam are found. Hamilton's principle is then
used to determine the equation governing the...
Being able to individually follow fish <40 mm in length is a challenge for fish research. In the present study we examined whether the use of visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags is suitable for research on first-feeding rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss raised under laboratory conditions. We assessed the effect of...
Many factors should be considered before selecting a graduate program to attend. Graduate education can be expensive, so financial and health care benefits offered by a department or college should be considered when selecting a graduate program. A majority of fisheries graduate students recently surveyed believed that financial aspects should...
Potential changes in the tobacco program have prompted research of aquaculture crops in Kentucky. Using a dynamic, programming model, this paper evaluates two methods for producing pond-raised paddlefish to assess if either method is economically viable in Kentucky. Results indicate that a polyculture system with catfish is profitable.
A closely spaced hydrographic section from Oabu, Hawaii to 28°N, 152°W and then north along 152°W shows strong eddy or current features with dynamic height signatures of about 30 dyn cm across 150 km and associated geostrophic surface velocities of approximately 60 cm s⁻¹. Two such features are found between...
One-kilometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations of the effects of ships on
low-level clouds off the west coast of the United States are used to derive limits for the degree to which clouds
might be altered by increases in anthropogenic aerosols. As ships pass beneath low-level clouds, particles...