Natural and gabion modified habitats containing coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) were observed and measured seasonally in East
Fork Lobster Creek, a fifth order stream in western Oregon. Coho
salmon usually inhabited backwater and secondary channel pools in
winter. Large wood debris complexes and undercut banks were the
primary sources of...
Habitat loss causes a reduction in available resources for wildlife, alters the configuration of remaining habitat, and may isolate wildlife populations. White-breasted nuthatches (Sitta carolinensis) are experiencing long-term population declines in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, where they are historically associated with oak woodlands. As secondary cavity-nesters, white-breasted nuthatches may...
The concept of the "new father" has been discussed in the literature and popular
media for over 25 years. Yet current studies regarding father involvement continue to show that fathers do not contribute equally to childcare and domestic labor, even among parents in dual-income families. Furthermore, as roles within families...
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RichardA. Settersten, Jr.
The concept of the “new father” has been discussed in the
Under laboratory conditions, elevated temperatures accelerated production of gametes. However, when conditioning for spawning at elevated temperatures was
initiated early in the season (January-March), larval survival and number of spat collected were significantly lower than when conditioning was initiated in may or June. At elevated temperatures, broodstock oysters were fed...
Total copper concentrations of 10 [mu]g/l to 100 [mu]g/l appeared to
alter the predator-prey interactions of fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas) and Daphnia pulex. The effect of copper concentration on
the total amounts of D. pulex consumed over a 12-h period varied with
the density of prey stocked hourly in the...
Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
were exposed to flows of water containing low DO concentrations
produced by bubbling nitrogen through the water. Abrupt exposure of
fish to critical DO concentrations (The standard dose response) and by
a more gradual changing of DO levels (The "stepdown" approach) were...
2, 4-Decadienal was autoxidized by subjecting a purified sample to an atmosphere of pure oxygen for 14 hours. A qualitative analysis of the autoxidative degradation products was made utilizing tandem gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Additional information was obtained from the determination of the melting point of the DNP-hydrazone derivative...
Selected life history aspects of American shad, Alosa
sapidissima, collected in Lake Umatilla of the Columbia River
during 1980 and 1981 were examined and compared to other shad
populations. Mean fork lengths of adult shad captured in
1981 were 405-, 415- and 423-mm for age III, IV and V males;...
Two sets of experiments measured changes in the oxygen consumption of the euryhaline teleost Oreochromis niloticus during acclimation to progressively increased salinity. Six acrylic respirometers were constructed for this purpose. The salinities tested were 9, 18, 27 and 36 ppt, with 36 ppt considered as full strength seawater. Fish were...
In the current global economy, higher education is critical for gaining and keeping living-wage jobs. The need for a college-educated labor force has increased interest among youth in pursuing higher education (National Center for Education Statistics, 2013). Despite these demands, the United States has struggled to effectively increase college completion...
Barriers to the movement of aquatic organisms can increase the genetic and spatial isolation of populations and may decrease the viability of these regional populations. Focus on culvert passage issues has increased as federal agencies attempt to inventory and replace road-crossing stream culverts that are barriers to the movement of...
Habitats for juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were
observed at a high flow during the spring of 1989 and at a low flow during the
spring of 1991 in the lower American River of California. Parameters of
microhabitats in eight macrohabitats were measured. Mean column water velocity
and total water...
A rapid gas liquid chromatographic method was adapted to processed
Dungeness crab for the determination of basic and neutral
volatiles. Methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine were
measured in processed Dungeness crab for the first time. Generally,
the range for trimethylamine was 42 ppm for frozen crab to 700 ppm
for iced...
The formation of 3-hydroxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine from decarboxylation
of 4-hydroxy-N-nitrosoproline was demonstrated in model
heating system designed to simulate the conditions of frying bacon.
The identification of the nitrosamine was achieved by comparison of
its TLC R [subscript f] value, gas chromatographic retention time, and mass
spectral fragmentation pattern with those of...
Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’s Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), this study assessed the implications of the division of labor on relationship intimacy for married and cohabitating dual-earner couples (N= 392 couples). The study focused on what mothers and...
Increasing numbers of individuals aspire to, seek out, and need a college degree in order to be competitive in the job market (Goyette, 2008; U.S. Department of Education, 2013). College degrees provide access to economic, social, and health benefits (Abel & Deitz, 2014; Autor, 2014). The United States also needs...
Front line staff members in youth correctional facilities are generally the primary adults in the lives of incarcerated young people. In many ways, they serve as surrogate parents who may promote positive development while holding delinquent youth accountable for their actions. They accomplish these often conflicting goals through the provision...
Amines formed by biosynthesis in germinated barley have been
suggested as precursors for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in barley
malt dried by direct-fired kilning. This hypothesis was verified by
germinating raw barley and exposing the resulting malt roots and
clean malt to nitrous acid. Quantitation of the NDMA formed indicated
that malt...
The reactions between sodium nitrite and the polyamines
spermidine and spermine were investigated. When reacted at 80°C
for 1 hr at pH 3.5 with a 1:3 molar ratio of amine groups to sodium
nitrite, five volatile nitrosamines were identified as products in the
nitrosation of spermidine. 3HC1, and two volatile...
The purpose of this study was to characterize the nonvolatile,
water soluble, bis(hydroxyalkyl)N-nitrosamines produced from the
reaction of spermidine and nitrite.
The biologically occurring polyamine spermidine was reacted
with nitrite in the presence of acid. The reaction products were
isolated and converted to trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The
derivatized products were...
Beer, nonfat dry milk, fried bacon and microwave baked fish were
treated under simulated gastric and extreme nitrosation conditions to
estimate their capacity for generation of endogenously formed
N-nitrosamines. The level of nitrosamines in beer increased from 0.1
ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine to 0.4 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine (p < 0.05) under simulated gastric...
Men are frequently left out of the picture in the study of family planning and sexual risk behavior. This approach means few programs and policies address men's family planning and sexual health issues. There is also a lack of understanding of the role fatherhood plays in men's development and in...
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Alexis J. Walker RichardA. Settersten
Men are frequently left out of the picture in
The osmoregulatory capabilities and tolerance of Kelp greenling, Hexagrammos decagramrnus, were studied in a series of seven salinities ranging from fresh water to concentrated sea water of 50 ppt. Results indicated that they were tolerant over a wide range of salinities but were incapable of surviving below 5 ppt and...
The Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandyke,) is a rare species endemic to Washington State. It has been found in cool moist microhabitats along streams, splash zones of waterfalls, and headwater seeps. We explored the association of the Van Dyke's salamander with hydrologic condition, geomorphology, disturbance characteristics, and vegetation structure in...
Little is known about Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) because of their elusive nature and the logistical difficulty of studying them in densely forested and mountainous terrain. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife has identified fawn survival as an important gap in the current knowledge of demography and...
Navigating the transition to adulthood is fraught with challenges, especially for those coming of age during an economic crisis. Individuals often rely on support from existing social networks, and establish social capital through deepening and expanding social ties, as they establish footholds in roles marking adulthood. Yet investing in social...
Pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in Oregon and Washington are a sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp.) obligate species of concern because of declining populations and extirpation from much of their range. Efforts are underway to establish a captive bred population of the Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit in Washington state for reintroduction into...
The malt alkaloids N-methyltyramine, N,N-dimethyltyramine
(hordenine), N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole and N,N-dimethyl-3-aminomethylindole
(gramine) are known precursors for N-nitrosamines.
Analytical procedures were developed and applied to extract and
quantify these alkaloids from malt, green malt, malt roots, and
raw barley. A ground malt sample under nitrogen atmosphere was
extracted with 5 percent concentrated ammonium...
Dimethylamine (DMA), in addition to the alkaloids hordenine
and gramine, has been suggested as a potential precursor of nitrosodimethylamine
(NDMA) in malt. Analytical procedures were adopted
and applied to extract and quantify DMA from malt, green malt,
malt roots and raw barley. Ground malt was extracted at room
temperature with...
Changes in the Oregon salmon, crab and shrimp fisheries were
documented from 1967 to 1980. The related socio-economic conditions in
fishing communities were described. Trends indicated that the overall
importance of fisheries to port communities has declined and ports are
not planning for an increase in the fishing industry. Chinook...
Virtual tours are among the many new Internet-based tools with potential applications as continuing forestry education programs. While technology exists to create virtual tour websites, little is understood about how well they meet educational objectives and whether they are complementary alternatives to traditional field tours. The Sustainable Forestry Partnership and...
Individuals in their 20s today have more diverse experiences with school, work, and family transitions than previous cohorts. Contemporary young adults take longer to finish school, settle into marriages or partnerships, and begin parenting; they frequently change jobs or hold multiple part-time positions. Little is known about how young adults...
School interventions have typically focused on academic and psychological outcomes for children, but can children carry positive effects home from school to influence their parents and home environments? Developmental research typically focuses on how parents influence development in their children, but this study flips this lens to ask whether children...
A dose related carcinogenic response was established for dimethylnitrosamine
administered in the diet of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
An equation was derived for the relationship between dose and hepatocellular
carcinoma incidence. From a published dose response study
using Porton rats as a test animal, a second equation was derived
for...
Both leave islands, or green tree retention clusters, and thinning prescriptions have been proposed as alternative silvicultural strategies designed to sustain the structural and biological diversity of managed forests. However, the relationship of the physical structure of leave islands and thinned forests to their associated microclimates, flora, and fauna remain...
Fire suppression in high-elevation sagebrush steppe over the last century has
profoundly influenced the structure and complexity of vegetation communities.
Although fire is the primary management tool used to restore these areas, the impact
of this management practice on associated avian communities is poorly understood.
We examined patterns of habitat...
Porapak Q, Chromosorb 102, and Tenax GC, three porous
polymers commonly used as adsorbents in headspace analyses were
investigated. The retention times of various low-boiling compounds
relative to water were measured on the collection columns to determine
which compounds would be lost during the water removal step
employed after sampling...
A recent development in drift-control for agricultural ground sprayers is the
installation of a hood (or shroud) over the boom. Hoods are designed to provide
a protected zone in which droplets can be sprayed and deposited on the target with
limited interference from the wind.
This study compared chemical drift...