Contemporary spiritual tourism impacts many stakeholders including environmental ecosystems, tourists, tourist operators, and community members. Increasingly, in the era of the Anthropocene, there is a need for ethical guidance to inform spiritual tourism so as to mitigate social injustice and environmental degradation. This research project investigates the potential for the...
Like other social institutions, universities have been
created and administered by and for a white-male dominant
culture that continues to marginalize women and anyone else
designated as -Other- according to race, class, ethnicity,
ability, age, size, and sexuality. This discussion
questions the dominant model of standard written discourse
in the...
Women’s history is often not included in K-12 classes. However, women are an essential part of American history and should be better represented in the K-12 curricula and classrooms. The purpose of this thesis is to both acknowledge that women’s history is often missing in K-12 classrooms and to provide...
A five year longitudinal study was begun in 1976 to find a
solution to the problem of early primary children who fail in school
and then adopt the failure syndrome. The study was conducted in four
elementary schools in Oregon which had distinctly different
socio-economic populations.
The tests used for...
The protagonists in the fiction of Paule Marshall, Alice Walker, and Toni
Morrison illuminate American cultural perceptions of black women and illustrate how the
creators of these characters hope to change those perceptions. I studied Paule Marshall's
Daughters, Alice Walker's Meridian and The Color Purple, and Toni Morrison's The
Bluest...
This thesis examines the nature of publishing as a political endeavor through a detailed investigation of the feminist publishing movement in the U.S. since the 1970s. Feminist publishers emerged from an activist context of feminist struggle, and they evolved within changing political and social climates, facing ideological and economic challenges...
Differences in the chemical composition of calcified structures can be used to reveal natal origins, connectivity, metapopulation structure, and reconstruct the environmental history or movement patterns of many marine organisms. Sharks, skates, and rays (elasmobranchs) lack the calcified structures, known as otoliths, that are typically used for geochemical studies of...
The Normalized Burn Ratio and Composite Burn Index were used to classify burn severity in three sites that experienced lightning-ignited wildfire in the year 2000. The effect of burn severity (unburned, low, moderate, and high severity classes) was investigated on vegetation and soil microbial community composition. Vegetation communities showed a...
Land useable for livestock grazing in the western United States is
diminishing because of spreading municipalities, irrigation developments,
highway construction, recreational demands and withdrawals.
Concurrently, the demand for livestock and livestock products is increasing
because of a rapidly growing population. As a result, production
from the grazing land that remains...