General circulation models (GCMs) predict that the global hydrological cycle will change in response to anthropogenic warming. However, these predictions remain uncertain, in particular, for precipitation (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013, https://doi .org/10.1017/CB09781107415324.004). Held and Soden (2006, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3990.1) suggest that as lower tropospheric water vapor concentration increases in a...
In the companion paper (Chen & Yeh, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 749, 2014, pp. 577–596), collisions of counter-propagating solitary waves were studied experimentally by analysing the measured water-surface variations. Here we study the flow fields associated with the collisions. With the resolved velocity data obtained in the laboratory, the flow...
Multiphase flow dynamics are important in many naval and turbomachinery applications, where bubble interaction with low pressure, vortical structures can lead to undesirable cavitation effects. To better understand the underlying phenomena, a multiscale numerical framework is developed to simulate bubble laden flow in dynamic hydro propulsion systems. Several subproblems in...
Increased temperatures and changes in precipitation will result in fundamental changes in the
seasonal distribution of streamflow in the Pacific Northwest and will have serious implications for water
resources management. To better understand local impacts of regional climate change, we conducted
model experiments to determine hydrologic sensitivities of annual, seasonal,...
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. A1),
where variables are similar to those in Eq. 1 except OND, JFM, AMJ, and JAS are the seasons
El-Nino Southern Oscillation has many impacts on marine environment. During El-Nino 1997-1998, there has been a change in sea surface temperature in Bali water. Bali water is an important contributor for pelagic fisheries, such as Sardinella lemuru, Thunnus sp, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Euthynnus sp. Sardinella lemuru is emphasized, because the...
Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability, characterized by the distinctive finite-amplitude billows it generates, is an important mechanism in the development of turbulence in the stratified interior of the ocean. In particular, it is often assumed that the onset of turbulence in internal waves begins in this way. Clear recognition of the importance...
Ice–ocean interactions have profound consequences for the ocean and climate, influencing the rate of sea level rise. Submarine melt is commonly parameterized using a three-equation formulation for the heat, salt, and momentum conservation equations coupled to a buoyant plume model, together called plume-melt theory. However, recent direct observations of terminus...
Collisions of counter-propagating solitary waves are investigated experimentally.
Precision measurements of water-surface profiles are made with the use of the laser
induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. During the collision, the maximum wave
amplitude exceeds that calculated by the superposition of the incident solitary waves,
and agrees well with both the asymptotic...
An atmospheric stationary wave teleconnection mechanism is proposed to explain how ENSO may affect the Tibetan Plateau snow depth and thereby the south Asian monsoons. Using statistical analysis, the short available record of satellite estimates of snow depth, and ray tracing, it is shown that wintertime ENSO conditions in the...
Little is known about mixing in the abyssal equatorial oceans in spite of its inferred importance for upwelling dense water. Here we present full-depth microstructure turbulence profiles obtained in the equatorial Pacific that show evidence for intense wind-generated abyssal mixing. Mixing was intensified over the bottom 700 m where the...
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-inertial waves on a β-plane, J. Fluid Mech., 684, 111–136,
doi:10.1017/jfm.2011.280.
D R A F T December 7