Background: Despite recent work to characterize gene expression changes associated with larval development in oysters, the mechanism by which the larval shell is first formed is still largely unknown. In Crassostrea gigas, this shell forms within the first 24 h post fertilization, and it has been demonstrated that changes in...
PURPOSE: To describe and compare the occurrence and co-occurrence of physical activity (PA), play, and object-related behaviors in toddlers with and without disabilities.
METHODS: Participants included 23 toddlers (21 with typical development (TD) and 2 with disabilities). Direct observation was used to describe the type and level of PA, play...
BACKGROUND: The relationship between arsenic and birth weight is not well understood.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the causal relationship between prenatal arsenic exposure and birth weight considering the potential mediation effects of gestational age (GA) and maternal weight gain (MWG) during pregnancy using structural equation models (SEMs).
METHODS: A prospectively enrolled...
Background: There is increasing epidemiologic evidence that arsenic exposure in utero, even at low levels found throughout much of the world, is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and may contribute to long-term health effects. Animal models, in vitro studies, and human cancer data suggest that arsenic may induce epigenetic alterations,...
BACKGROUND: Arsenic is an epigenetic toxicant and could influence fetal developmental programming.
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between arsenic exposure and DNA methylation in maternal and umbilical cord leukocytes.
METHODS: Drinking-water and urine samples were collected when women were at <= 28 weeks gestation; the samples were analyzed for arsenic...
Disability is an emerging field within public health; people with significant disabilities account formore than 12% of the US population. Disparity status for this group would allow federal and state governments to actively work to reduce inequities. We summarize the evidence and recommend that observed differences are sufficient to meet...
DNA methylation is a well-recognized epigenetic mechanism that has been the subject of a growing
body of literature typically focused on the identification and study of profiles of DNA methylation and their
association with human diseases and exposures. In recent years, a number of unsupervised clustering algorithms,
both parametric and...
Biodiversity loss is of global concern, and is due in part to deforestation and high consumer demand for wood and wood products. The neotropical tree species Cedrela odorata (“Spanish cedar” or “cedro”) is economically valuable for its wood and faces threats of overexploitation. Due to strong similarities in wood features...
The lead Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule and
the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, both enacted in 2008, were
intended to protect children from exposure to lead by setting federal limits
on lead content. Neither of these federal actions, however, addresses a newly
recognized pathway of exposure to lead from...