This two-part study attempts to find appropriate mass dimension and terminal velocity relationships that,
when considered together with particle size distributions (PSD), agree with coincident measurements of ice
water content (IWC), and with variables related to higher moments such as the mean mass-weighted fall
speed. Reliable relationships are required for...
The effective radius (r[subscript]e) is a crucial variable in representing the radiative properties of cloud layers in general circulation models. This parameter is proportional to the condensed water content (CWC) divided by the extinction (σ). For ice cloud layers, parameterizations for r[subscript]e have been developed from aircraft in situ measurements...
Uptake ofHNO₃ onto cirrus ice may play an important role in tropospheric NOx cycling. Discrepancies between modeled and in situ measurements of gas‐phase HNO₃ in the troposphere suggest that redistribution and removal mechanisms by cirrus ice have been poorly constrained. Limited in situ measurements have provided somewhat differing results and...
Many soil-derived particles dominated by insoluble material, including Saharan dusts, are known to act as ice nuclei. If, however, dust particles can compete with other atmospheric particle types to form liquid cloud droplets, they have a greater potential to change climate through indirect effects on cloud radiative properties and to...
Mineral dust particles have been shown to act as cloud condensation nuclei, and they are known to interact
with developing tropical storms over the Atlantic downwind of the Sahara. Once present within liquid
droplets, they have the potential to act as freezing ice nuclei and further affect the microphysics, dynamics,...