Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic surfactants that have recently been identified as persistent organic pollutants. These so called “Forever Chemicals” have been detected in drinking waters, ground waters, soils, and consumer and industrial products globally; with environmental impacts stretching into the artic, far from known PFAS sources. The...
Liberalization of electricity markets has become a dominant energy sector reform for most of the European Union (EU) countries since 1990s. Despite initial expectations that liberalization will reduce electricity prices and strengthen overall energy security, outcomes of the deregulation reforms proved to be unclear and even contradictory. This study seeks...
After Colonization and since the beginning of the globalization era, governments in developing countries have been restricted in implementing certain policies and reforms, often being forced to accept or borrow policies from former colonizers or other developed countries and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Previous studies found that borrowing policy often leads...
In many scientific settings, investigators are interested in the effect of a new treatment. To have a point of comparison data is collected from patients before treatment groups are assigned. When seeking to test the presence of a significant treatment effect it may be unclear how baseline measurements should be...
Adequate access to financial markets is crucial for healthy communities. Some communities within the United States have historically been excluded from financial markets due to factors of geographic isolation or racial discrimination. The mechanism behind households and individuals lacking access to financial products and services is due to credit rationing...
Community driven development (CDD) is one of the recent approaches in the development arena that integrates people into mainstream development. Bringing people together into the development prospects through social capital is an important aspect of this approach that harnesses greater social inclusion and wider participation at the grass root level....