Increasing load magnitudes and loss of reinforcing steel cross-sectional area from corrosion creates the potential for low-cycle fatigue (LCF) in conventionally reinforced concrete (CRC) bridge girders lightly reinforced for shear. LCF of reinforcing steel may be of particular concern. Little data are available for LCF of reinforcing steel without stress...
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are emerging as an effective means of strengthening and rehabilitating bridges. Near surface mounting (NSM) is a newer technique for application of CFRP for retrofitting of bridge members that provides advantages over conventional strengthening techniques. The technique is still new and uncertainties remain regarding...
Oregon Department of Transportation’s bridge no. 9743b is a multi-span, two-girder steel deck bridge connecting the busy interstates 5 and 205. Vertical cracks have been detected in the welded girder-to-crossbeam connections at the bents. Distortion-induced fatigue is suspected to be responsible for the cracking. Linear elastic beam analysis, 2-D and...
Many conventionally reinforced concrete deck girder bridges (RCDG) and their intermediate supporting bent caps were designed during the Eisenhower interstate era of the 1950’s with the AASHO design equations at the time, which subsequently place higher demand on the concrete. The referenced components may exhibit diagonal cracking due to the...
Due to age, original design that is deficient by modern standards, inadequate maintenance, environmental conditions, and increasing loads, large numbers of bridges in United States and elsewhere are classified as deficient and in need of rehabilitation or replacement. According to a national bridge inventory established by the Federal Highway Administration,...
Two built-up wide-flange beams with several large holes in each
beam were tested to failure. Strains were measured by strain gages
at various levels, located at the ends and center of typical holes, and
deflections were measured optically at two points on each beam.
Lateral bracing was provided to prevent...
Young's modulus, often called the modulus of elasticity,
gives a measure of the stiffness of a material to
an imposed load.
The modulus of a wooden beam is most often obtained
by destructive tests which destroy the specimen. If a
practical method can be found to measure Young's modulus
non-destructively,...
Fabricated steel beam specimens with rectangular holes cut in
the webs were subjected to load tests to analyze the behavior of the
modified section. Beam-depth to hole-depth ratio was in all cases
2.0; however, ratio of hole length to hole height varied from 2.0 to
3.0. The primary instrumentation of...
Beginning with the basic equations from the theory of elasticity
and employing a model of crack propagation based on the concept of
a constant plastic energy absorption per unti of crack extension, the
commonly accepted power law of fatigue crack propagation was derived.
This derivation uses an extension of the...